The Energy-Water Nexus at DOE 2016 Climate Change Symposium: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

EWN

The Energy-Water Nexus at DOE 2016 Climate Change Symposium: Water-Energy-Climate

October 12, 2016 Diana Bauer Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis Department of Energy

1

EWN

2

Energy-Water Nexus: DOE’s Role

• DOE has strong expertise in technology,

modeling, analysis, and data and can contribute to understanding the issues and pursuing solutions across the entire nexus.

• Our work has broad and deep implications

– User-driven analytic tools for national decision- making supporting energy resilience with initial focus on the water-energy nexus – Solutions through technology RDD&D, policy analysis, and stakeholder engagement

• We can approach the diffuse water area

strongly from the energy side

– Focus on our technical strengths and mission – Leverage strategic interagency connections

Download the full report at energy.gov

Strategic Pillars

3

• Optimize the freshwater efficiency of energy production, electricity

generation, and end use systems

• Optimize the energy efficiency of water management, treatment,

distribution, and end use systems

• Enhance the reliability and resilience of energy and water systems
• Increase safe and productive use of nontraditional water sources
• Promote responsible energy operations with respect to water quality,

ecosystem, and seismic impacts

• Exploit productive synergies among water and energy systems

4

Energy and Water Systems are Interconnected

Secretary’s Energy-Water Roundtable Series (2015)

• 6 Roundtables:

– Opening, Fuels, Water Infrastructure, Electricity, Systems Integration, Capstone

• Key Takeaways:

– Climate Change: Designers of energy technologies, policies, and systems should be cognizant

• f interconnection among energy, water, and climate.

– Energy Security: Energy systems must mitigate risk related to water resource scarcity and variability. – Life Cycle Environmental Responsibility: Environmentally responsible energy technology and policy development should be informed by lifecycle and systemic understanding. – Systems Complexity and Systems Change: Understanding change in energy and water systems is required for forward-looking technology investment and policy thinking.

• Next Steps:

– Support Priority Technology RDD&D – Build a Data, Modeling, and Analysis Platform to Improve Understanding and Inform Decision-Making For a Broad Range of Users – Engage States to Advance Innovative, Integrated Policy Designs at Multiple Scales – Pursue Innovative Finance Models to Leverage Opportunities across Multiple Sectors – Pursue Bilateral International Collaboration to Solve Shared Challenges at the Energy-Water Nexus

5

EWN

6

Energy-Water Nexus Work Areas

EWN

7

Responding to Challenges in the Energy-Water System

Water-Efficient Cooling Energy-Optimized Treatment, Management, and Beneficial Use of Nontraditional Waters Sustainable Low-Energy Water Utilities Population/ Migration Land Use & Land Cover Change Energy Technology Pathways Regional Economic Development Urbanization & Infrastructure Dynamics Policy and Institutional Changes Stakeholder and Consumer Preferences Climate Change (Mitigation and Adaptation)

Forces on System Technology Solutions

Trends in Water Withdrawals of Thermoelectric Generation Relative to Other Uses

8 The water withdrawal intensity of thermoelectric generation has decreased since 1950. Total water withdrawn by thermoelectric generation increased significantly between 1950 and 1980 and has declined somewhat since then.

Data source: Maupin, M.A. et al., 2014, Estimated use of water in the United States in 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1405; and

• EIA. 2011. Annual Energy Review 2011.

9

U.S. Power Sector is Responding With Increased Utilization

• f Dry Cooling and Nontraditional Water

Data Source: EIA (2015)

However…

• Current dry cooling technologies are more expensive and come with efficiency

penalties (and associated higher emissions).

• Using nontraditional water usually means more electricity for pumping and

treatment (and associated higher emissions).

73% 13% 7% 3% 4% Existing Cooling Systems (1,595) 31% 27% 14% 7% 21% Proposed Cooling Systems (30) Surface Water Groundwater Plant Discharge Other N/A (Dry Cooling)

10

• Air-cooling heat exchangers (3 projects)
• Sorption & other supplemental cooling (4 projects)
• Radiative cooling and cool storage (3 projects)
• Flue gas H2O recovery & cool storage (2 projects)
• Combined ACC & cool storage (2 projects)

Sample Indirect Dry-Cooling System that Satisfies ARID Program Objectives ARPA-E’s Advanced Research in Dry Cooling (ARID) Research Solicitation is funding 14 projects for a total of $30 million:

Dry Cooling for Electricity Generation

11

In Some Cases, Low-Emissions Generation Requires More Water

(DOE, 2014) Data Source: Meldrum et al. (2013)

12

Carbon Capture Increases Water Intensity of Power

Source (DOE, 2014). Data Source: Meldrum et al. (2013)

Capture technology: monoethanolamine

200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 CC PC SC IGCC Natural Gas Coal

Consumption (gal/MWh)

Consumption without Carbon Capture Additional Consumption with Carbon Capture

13

The Energy Intensity of Water Treatment and Provisioning Varies

Many trends may increase the energy consumption by the water sector, including:

• Increased demand for water;
• Retrieving water from further away or harder-to-reach sources;
• Treating nontraditional water for beneficial use; and
• Meeting more stringent environmental regulations.

Energy Intensity for California Low (kWh/MG) High (kWh/MG) Notes Reference Treatment Drinking Water Treatment 100 16000 High: Desalination (CEC 2005) Wastewater Treatment and Distribution 1100 4600 (CEC 2005) Pumping Water Supply/Conveyance 14000 High: Interbasin transfer (State Water Project); Low: Gravity fed (CEC 2005) Primary Drinking Water Distribution 700 1200 (CEC 2005) Recycled Water Distribution 400 1200 (CEC 2005) Groundwater for Agriculture 500 1500 High: CO River Basin Low: North CA Coast (CPUC 2011)

(source: DOE, 2014)

EWN

Energy Positive Water Resource Recovery

14

• NSF/EPA/DOE/WE&RF Collaboration: water resource recovery test bed network that

linked to policy-making. http://www.werf.org/testbednetwork

• Complements EERE work on wastewater accelerator, wastewater technical

assistance, and waste-to-energy R&D

EWN

15

Clean Water Technologies

• Address manufacturing barriers to producing low-energy, cost-competitive clean water
• Technology priorities arise from facility-level systems-relevant challenges
• Leverage existing federal resources (e.g. DOI/Bureau of Reclamation testbeds)
• Request for Information to be issued soon

Water Sources Output

• Seawater
• Surface
• Lake
• Brackish
• Processes
• Produced
• Extracted
• Municipal
• Industrial
• Agricultural

Energy Flexibility Electricity, Fossil, Renewable, Waste Heat Residual Sludge, Brine, Toxins, Bio solids

Water Intake

Water Purification (including desalination)

Post treatment and transport

Selected Recent Events Illustrating the Energy Sector’s Vulnerability to Climate Change

16

Source: U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather (DOE, 2013)

Data, Modeling, and Analysis Platform

Integrated Multi-System, Multi-Scale Modeling Framework and IAV Modeling Impact, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Strategic Research and Analysis

D M A

National Regional Sub-Regional

Layered Energy Resilience Data-Knowledge System Regional-Scale Data, Modeling, and Analysis Test Beds

Electric Power Population/Migration Climate Land Use/Cover Water Systems

17

EWN

Energy and Water Systems Integration

• Capturing the Benefits of Integrated Resource Management for Water &

Electricity Utilities and their Partners (Workshop with University of California- 2015)

– Convened utilities and policymakers in water and electricity – Identified opportunities in developing shared systems understanding; data and analytics; and logistics and implementation to make progress in GHG emissions reduction, resilience, and resource efficiency

• Integrated Desalination and Energy Design Competition with Israel (2016)

– Competition for designs for novel integrated energy and desalinization systems that can:

• Flexibly interface with the modern electric grid.
• Vary their operations depending on current conditions.
• Economically and flexibly balance input and output flows of water,

electricity, and wastes.

• US-EU Collaboration on Power-Water Systems Modeling (2016 workshop)

– Focused on innovative power-water linkages in models to inform policy and other decision-making – Identified next steps, including exploring coupling between water and electricity sectors that increases flexibility to increase resilience

18

19

U.S.-China Clean Energy Research Center: New Energy and Water Track

In Nov 2014, Presidents Obama and Xi Jinping announced extension of CERC from 2016 to 2020 and expanded scope to include water related aspects of energy production and use.

• Energy & Water US China Clean Energy Research Center

(CERC) topic areas:

– Water use reduction at thermoelectric plants – Treatment and management of non-traditional waters – Improving sustainable hydropower design and operation – Climate impact modeling, methods, and scenarios to support improved energy and water systems understanding – Data and analysis to inform planning, policy, and other decisions

• CERC Goals:

– Spur Innovation of Clean Energy Technologies – Diversify Sources of Energy Supply – Improve Energy Efficiency – Accelerate Transition to Low-Carbon Future – Avoid the Worst Consequences of Climate Change

• DOE CERC domestic energy-water $2.5 million annual

investment align with and are part of the larger energy- water crosscut strategy

Questions?

20

Diana J. Bauer, Ph.D. Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis (EPSA) Department of Energy diana.bauer@hq.doe.gov (202) 287-5773 DOE Energy-Water Nexus Crosscut Team: http://www.energy.gov/under-secretary-science-and-energy/water-energy-tech-team EPSA Energy-Water Initiative http://energy.gov/epsa/energy-water-nexus