WATER BORNE DISEASES Authors: Hania Arif Affiliation(s): - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
UN/Pakistan/PSIPW/4th International Conference on the Use of Space Technology for Water Management (26 Feb - 02 March 2018), Islamabad Pakistan GIS BASED IDENTIFICATION OF WATER BORNE DISEASES Authors: Hania Arif Affiliation(s): University
(26 Feb - 02 March 2018), Islamabad Pakistan
UN/Pakistan/PSIPW/4th International Conference on the Use of Space Technology for Water Management Hania Arif
Authors: Affiliation(s):
University of the Punjab, Lahore & PDMA (Punjab)
OVERVIEW PARAMETERS STUDY AREA WHO STANDARDS FOR DRINKING WATER METHODOLOGY ANALYSIS RESULTS CONCLUSION
HAVE ACCESS OF SAFE WATER. WATERBORNE DISEASES SPREAD BY DRINKING CONTAMINATED
INTESTINAL WORMS AND HEPATITIS. APPROXIMATELY, 25,000 CHILDREN BELOW 5 YEAR, DIE EVERY YEAR OWING TO WATERBORNE DISEASES. ABOUT 1.4 MILLION CHILDREN DIE WORLDWIDE YEARLY DUE TO DRINKING DIRTY WATER. THE DEATH RATE IS ALARMINGLY VERY HIGH AND THE MORTALITY IS INCREASING.
ARE COSTING ABOUT $1.3BILLION DOLLARS EVERY YEAR TO THE PAKISTAN’S ECONOMY. CONTAMINATED WATER RESULTS IN 40 PC DEATHS IN COUNTRY. IT IS UNFORTUNATE THAT THE PEOPLE DON’T CARE ABOUT POTABLE WATER. NON AVAILABILITY OF CLEAN WATER LEADS TO SEVERAL DISEASES, ESPECIALLY WATERBORNE DISEASE, AS THE WATER WE DRINK IS FULL OF DIRT AND DEADLY WORMS WHICH ARE HARMFUL FOR HUMAN HEALTH.
WATER-BORNE DISEASE IS A DISEASE WHICH IS A COMMUNICABLE ONE CAUSED BY DRINKING CONTAMINATED WATER OR EATING FOOD COOKED WITH SUCH WATER CONTAMINATED WITH HUMAN OR ANIMAL EXCRETA (FACES OR URINE). SO BOTH WATER AND FOOD CAN BE THE SOURCE OR WAY OF TRANSFER OF WATER-BORNE DISEASES.
ARSENIC IS A CHEMICAL ELEMENT WITH SYMBOL AS AND ATOMIC NUMBER 33. ARSENIC OCCURS IN MANY MINERALS, USUALLY IN COMBINATION WITH SULFUR AND METALS. ARSENIC IS RELATED TO HEART DISEASE (HYPERTENSION-RELATED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE), CANCER, STROKE (CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES), CHRONIC LOWER RESPIRATORY DISEASES, AND DIABETES. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC IS RELATED TO VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY, WHICH IS RELATED TO HEART DISEASE AND NIGHT BLINDNESS. LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC IN DRINKING WATER CAN CAUSE CANCER IN THE SKIN, LUNGS, BLADDER AND KIDNEY. IT CAN ALSO CAUSE OTHER SKIN CHANGES SUCH AS THICKENING AND PIGMENTATION.
FLUORIDE IS NATURALLY PRESENT AT LOW CONCENTRATION IN MOST FRESH AND SALTWATER SOURCES AND MAY ALSO BE PRESENT IN RAINWATER. INGESTION OF FLUORIDE AFTER SIX YEARS OF AGE WILL NOT CAUSE DENTAL
OVER MANY YEARS. THE EARLY SYMPTOMS OF SKELETAL FLUOROSIS, INCLUDE STIFFNESS AND PAIN IN THE JOINTS.
IT IS A CHEMICAL PROPERTY OF WATER. IT MAY TASTE BITTER, SALTY, OR METALLIC AND MAY HAVE UNPLEASANT ODORS. IF A PERSON DRINKS 2 PINTS OF WATER A DAY, THIS WILL TOTAL 4500 GALLONS OF WATER PASSING THROUGH HIS BODY OVER A 70 YEAR SPAN. IF THE WATER IS NOT TOTALLY PURE, THIS 4500 GALLONS WILL INCLUDE 200-300 POUNDS OF ROCK THAT THE BODY CANNOT UTILIZE. MOST WILL BE ELIMINATED THROUGH EXCRETORY CHANNELS. BUT SOME OF THIS WILL STAY IN THE BODY, CAUSING STIFFNESS IN THE JOINTS, HARDENING OF THE ARTERIES, KIDNEY STONES, GALL STONES AND BLOCKAGES OF ARTERIES, MICROSCOPIC CAPILLARIES AND OTHER PASSAGES IN WHICH LIQUIDS FLOW THROUGH OUR ENTIRE BODY.
Parameters WHO Standards 1 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 1000 mg/L 2 Arsenic (As) 0.05 ppm 3 Fluoride 1.5 mg/L 4 Nitrate 50 mg/L 5 Nitrite 0.3 mg/L
Study Area
LAHORE IS A DISTRICT OF PUNJAB PROVINCE AND ALSO KNOWN AS THE CAPITAL OF THE PUNJAB. THE TOTAL AREA IS 1,772 SQUARE KILOMETERS (684 SQ. MI). ACCORDING TO THE 2017 CENSUS, THE POPULATION OF LAHORE IS 11,126,285. 170 SURVEY POINTS ARE COLLECTED FOR ANALYSIS.
Water Borne Diseases Data (non Spatial data) Interpolation Demarcation of Land Features Drainage Pattern Define Parameters as per WHO Standards Satellite Imagery & DEM Spatial Data Sampling through GPS Water Data Hospital Data Validation
HEALTH SAMPLE LOCATIONS LAHORE HEALTH DATA
Krining interpolation technique is used. With the help
water and that flows from different sources which are causes of water pollution. Against each parameter interpolation is being done upon which are able to highlights those areas having higher concentration of toxic materials. Maps shows the vulnerability of drinking water which is contaminated by toxified elements.
WATER QUALITY INDEX: EQUATION = [{(AV-IV)/(SV-IV)}*100] AV = AVAILABLE VALUE IV = IDEAL VALUE SV = STANDARD VALUE HOSPITAL DATA
It is a technique to rating the influence of individual water quality parameters on the overall quality of water for human consumption. Focus Group Discussion Non Spatial Data Validation w.r t Water Samples
The results indicated that the concentrations of all parameters were higher in groundwater samples
among different parameters studied in water samples TDS, As, F, NO3, NO2 was found within the permissible limits for drinking.
these elements and its effect on ground water and the surface water.
bones, skin and other features of human body and its validity by hospital (non spatial data).
management systems is going to be a vital step towards improving the health of
borne diseases.