VULNERABLE ROAD USERS (VRU) AND THE VULNERABILITY OF ROAD SAFETY - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
VULNERABLE ROAD USERS (VRU) AND THE VULNERABILITY OF ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE What are the low-hanging fruits for Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC)? PROFESSOR DR. AHMAD FARHAN MOHD SADULLAH UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA Safer Road by
What are the “low-hanging fruits” for Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC)?
PROFESSOR DR. AHMAD FARHAN MOHD SADULLAH UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
Safer Road by Infrastructure Operation and Design Technical Session 4: VRU Kuala Lumpur Wednesday 24th April 2019
WHY ARE WE NOT MEETING OUR TARGETS?
WE ARE SUPPOSED TO HALVE ALL OUR ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS BY 2020
Source: WHO (2018) Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018
THE PROBLEM IS IN THE LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
Source: WHO (2018) Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018
Who are progressing and who are not?
Source: WHO (2018) Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018
VULNERABLE ROAD USERS
Source: WHO (2018) Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018
Distribution of Death (percentage) by Road User Type (2016 data)
Americas Europe Africa Eastern Mediterranean South East Asia Western Pacific WORLD Cars 34 48 40 39 16 22 29 Motorcycles V R U 23 48 11 43 9 53 15 51 43 59 36 64 28 54 Cyclists 3 5 4 2 2 6 3 Pedestrians 22 27 40 34 14 22 23 Others 18 9 7 10 25 14 17 TOTAL 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Death/100000 people 15.6 9.3 26.6 18.0 20.7 16.9 18.2
Source: WHO (2018) Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018
ARE WE DOING ENOUGH FOR Vulnerable Road Users (VRU)?
We know that VRU is the biggest contributor to road casualties To many countries in LMIC, getting results for VRU, will help achieve the general road safety results VRU is indeed vulnerable Do we understand enough about their risk and the associated safety behaviour? Do we have enough accurate evidence to come up with effective interventions and road safety outcomes? Are we introducing effective interventions to achieve the desired outcomes
Since the last deflection point in 1997, Malaysia has failed to achieve significant and consistent reduction in road casualties
AND SUBSEQUENTLY SUSTAIN OUR PROGRESS Malaysia Malaysia
64.5% 18.8% 2.40% 6.54% 62.7% 62.7% 7.19% 7.14% 20.3% 20.8% 1.72% 1.60%
Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia
Percentage Growth: Malaysian vehicle registration
Year Motorcycles Cars 2008 8,487,451 Growth 7,966,525 Growth 2009 8,905,854 4.930% 8,461,334 6.211% 2010 9,368,454 5.194% 9,017,613 6.574% 2011 9,947,189 6.177% 9,675,397 7.294% 2012 10,544,578 6.006% 10,294,024 6.394% 2013 10,926,125 3.618% 10,355,037 0.593% 2014 11,629,265 6.435% 11,199,910 8.159% 2015 12,094,790 4.003% 11,871,696 5.998% 2016 12,677,041 4.814% 12,997,839 9.486% 2017 12,897,496 1.739% 13,237,588 1.845%
Percentage of motorcycles and cars of total registered vehicles in Malaysia
Year Motorcycles Cars 2008 47.19% 44.29% 2009 47.03% 44.68% 2010 46.80% 45.05% 2011 46.66% 45.39% 2012 46.67% 45.56% 2013 46.56% 44.12% 2014 46.33% 44.62% 2015 45.98% 45.14% 2016 45.87% 47.03% 2017 45.91% 47.13%
MOTORCYCLES RISK FACTORS
Smallest motorised vehicles in a highly mixed traffic Not majority but significant enough Able to traverse at their “free-flow speed” Able to weave between other vehicles - in and out of blind spots
MOTORCYCLES RISK FACTORS - adding to the risk
Motorcyclists visibility/ conspicuity Riding behaviour (speeding, licensing issues, competency issues, weaving, red light jumping, not respecting rules) Poor active and passive safety
ZOOMING ON MOTORCYCLES
MIROS and other researchers have done many useful research and analysis on motorcycle safety We know The crash profile of crashes involving motorcycles The profile of riders and victims of motorcycle crashes The risky behaviour of motorcyclists on roads The risk motorcycles face in a mixed traffic situation The factors influencing behaviour of motorcyclists The effectiveness of interventions
The 16-20 year old bracket is out biggest problem
Mistake or incompetent?
INTERVENTIONS INTRODUCED: SUCCESS OR FAILURE?
INTERVENTIONS INTRODUCED: SUCCESS OR FAILURE?
lighting visibility
and in and out of blind spots
effectively towards active safety
influencing factors and lack of enforcement may hamper
for communities to take ownership of safety
targets of the Road Safety Decade of Action
reduction in all the misery indicators of road safety
hanging fruits” that would help us achieve that “Deflection Point” sooner.
positive results from the “Deflection Point” onwards
Road Safety Targets
1. Fatalities 2. Injuries 3. Crashes 4. Other influencing indicators
Global targets : Decade of Action for Road Safety National target : Malaysian Road Safety Plan Annual targets ????
ENABLING DATA
Aggregated Data Data Analytics Research
road safety situation
safety situation Evidenced - Based Approach What is our Problem? Motorcycle is our worst road safety component 15 - 25 year old is our worst age-bracket Rural roads and Federal Roads are our worst roads Road casualty is positively correlated to vehicle registration
BEST OPPORTUNITY TO SOLVE MALAYSIAN ROAD SAFETY PROBLEM
Provide potential solutions
THE ROAD SAFETY SYSTEM
Road casualty is positively correlated to vehicle registration Road Safety Targets
1. Fatalities 2. Injuries 3. Crashes 4. Other influencing indicators
Global targets : Decade of Action for Road Safety National target : Malaysian Road Safety Plan Annual targets ????
ENABLING DATA
Aggregated Data Data Analytics Research
road safety situation
safety situation Evidenced - Based Approach What is our Problem? Motorcycle is our worst road safety component 15 - 25 year old is our worst age-bracket Rural roads and Federal Roads are our worst roads
BEST OPPORTUNITY TO SOLVE MALAYSIAN ROAD SAFETY PROBLEM
Provide potential solutions
THE ROAD SAFETY SYSTEM
The importance of having appropriate targets for road safety - please have them The critical importance of enabling data Appreciation that research will value- add and guide the road safety effort Acknowledge four critical road safety situation in MALAYSIA that will provide the best opportunity to improve the road safety situation
SOLVE OUR BIGGEST PROBLEMS
safety of motorcycles
problems associated with the youth (15 - 25 year age bracket)
roads and federal roads are “Forgiving Roads”
Road casualty is positively correlated to vehicle registration
THE WILL
THE TARGET
Motorcycle is our worst road safety component 15 - 25 year old is our worst age-bracket Rural roads and Federal Roads are our worst roads Behaviour on Roads Attitude and Lack of Competency Issues Mixed Traffic
HIGHER RISKS
Non-Forgiving Roads Behaviour on Roads Mixed Traffic Attitude of road users
How to Manage Risks?
CAUSE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS 1
Without strong WILL and COMMITMENT, we will not achieve any results We need to put various targets at all levels as KPI for road safety “Motorcycle” and “15-25 yrs old” problems share similar issues. Addressing them will provide the BIGGGEST WIN for ROAD SAFETY Attitude and Behaviour on roads are common contributors to increased risks on the roads. HOW DO WE TACKLE THEM EFFECTIVELY?
Motorycle is the smallest vehicle on a typical road
Motorcycles & 15-25 year age bracket
Attitude of Riders Competency of Riders
CAUSE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS 2A MANAGING THE RISKS
Motorycle is the smallest vehicle on a typical road
Motorcycle & 15-25 year age bracket
Attitude of Riders Competency of Riders Parents lack of control First riding experience, not trained and not licensed
CAUSE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS 2A MANAGING THE RISKS
Lack of Enforcement
Why?
Existing drivers & Riders Mixed Traffic
behaviour Bad habits
Motorycle is the smallest vehicle on a typical road
Motorcycle & 15-25 years old
Attitude of Riders Competency of Riders Parents lack of control First riding experience, not trained and not licensed
CAUSE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS 2A MANAGING THE RISKS
Lack of Enforcement
Why?
Existing drivers & Riders Mixed Traffic
behaviour Bad habits
Motorycle is the smallest vehicle on a typical road
Motorcycle & 15-25 year age bracket
Attitude of Riders Competency of Riders Parents lack of control First riding experience, not trained and not licensed
CAUSE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS 2A MANAGING THE RISKS
Lack of Enforcement
Why?
Advocacy + legal framework Increase enforcement in housing areas and other hot spots Existing drivers & Riders
Do not give discounts and do not write off summons
Mixed Traffic
behaviour
Use of Technology & Effective Advocacy KEJARA Demerit Systen Increase in enforcement Remedial Courses
EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT Bad habits
Tackling “motorcycles” and “15-25 yrs old” issues will provide the “BIGGEST WIN” They have similar root problems Combination of effective advocacy and effective enforcement are key and both JKJR and JPJ and Police can make their mark KEJARA - our Demerit system must be in place immediately Technology and ASEANNCAP can help with motorcycle safety too - need to be more motorcycle centric as a strategic differentiator
GOALS & TARGETS
OUTCOMES
Motorcycle safety GOVERNANCE
OUTCOMES OUTCOMES OUTCOMES
TALENT RESOURCES Priority towards 15 - 25 year old
Improve behaviour in traffic stream & ensuring forgiving roads
Managing vehicle registration and usage ENABLING DATA
OUTCOMES OUTCOMES OUTCOMES OUTCOMES
A strategic framework is needed to implement any strategies for road safety All the elements in the framework are critical items Pillars can be the four critical weaknesses highlighted earlier Governance, Talent and Resources cannot be taken lightly as they are the foundation
GOALS & TARGETS
OUTCOMES
Motorcycle safety GOVERNANCE
OUTCOMES OUTCOMES OUTCOMES
TALENT RESOURCES Priority towards 15 - 25 year old
Improve behaviour in traffic stream & ensuring forgiving roads
Managing vehicle registration and usage ENABLING DATA
OUTCOMES OUTCOMES OUTCOMES OUTCOMES
WHAT CAN YOU DO TO ADDRESS THESE PROBLEMS?
These are the low-hanging fruits that we need to quickly address Hopefully, it will give us the deflection point and Malaysia and other Low and Middle Income Countries will eventually achieve our road safety targets
Provide effective enforcement by JPJ/PDRM/Local authorities
Strategic enforcement On drivers and handlers – un-licensed issues On vehicle roadworthiness On critical and high risk offences Continual enforcement Bring the element of surprise With no fear nor favour With the outcome of changing the attitude of road users Close the loop of enforcement Effective legal proceedings Closure with effective demerit systems (KEJARA)
LOW HANGING FRUITS FOR MOTORCYCLE AND 15-25 YEAR PROBLEMS
Effective drivers and handlers training programme (JPJ)
The new driving curriculum and training system has been introduced All the outcomes must be met The drivers training industry must share the same goals and help deliver the outcomes May require the next generation to start seeing results Will require complementing “effective enforcement” for the
Research and development (MIROS and universities)
Phase 1: Establishing Malaysian road safety behaviours, trends, baseline and fundamentals Phase 1: Developing and institutionalizing enablers and systems for road safety Phase 2: Doing effective RnD to identify appropriate interventions Phase 2: Provide directions for road safety RnD for Malaysia for continual impact Phase 3: Referral for road safety with innovations and leadership Phase 3: Capacity building for road safety
BUT WILL BE DEPENDENT ON QUALITY AND AVAILABLE ROAD SAFETY DATA FROM PDRM
COMPLEMENTING LONG TERM WINS
Advocacy programmes towards changing attitude (JKJR)
Social marketing programmes Interventions at schools Community-championed programmes
Good governance and coordinating between agencies
Data and information sharing Common goals Ownership and outcome based
Which is more effective? Are we doing enough at the local level?
Pros and Cons
National based approach, if successful, will provide the “BIG WIN” However, to implement them, requires Change of the national legislation Change of the national operating procedure The national scale is just too costly for cost effectivenes Muddled by political interference and inter-agency rivalry Possible no-mans land syndrome Apathetic attitude by those who are closest to the people at local levels Gaps in communication and enthusiasm
LOCALISING ROAD SAFETY
Clear road safety targets - to suit what matters most at the local level Clear indication of quick and big wins Working towards “committed ownership” - THE WILL Come up with a local STRATEGIC PLAN which is outcome-based Prepare an “IMPLEMENTATION PLAN” to achieve the strategic plan Continuous monitoring of progress through available deignated data Continuous stream of ideas for interventions
SAFETY
SAFETY
BIG AND QUICK WINS
MORE EMPHASISED
IMPLEMENTATION
AND SUSTAINABLE RESULTS
Achieving road safety outcomes are never easy “But we should never give up”
Together we can make the difference
cefrhn@usm.my