Voyages Exam: Seen Texts Craigie 1 Craigie 3 down to settu eir - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Voyages Exam: Seen Texts Craigie 1 Craigie 3 down to settu eir dverg Craigie 45 Craigie 13: translation down to hljtt mi kvea, content of rest Craigie 1416 Craigie 18: translation down to stt
▶ Craigie 1 ▶ Craigie 3 down to “settu þeir dverg” ▶ Craigie 4–5 ▶ Craigie 13: translation down to “hljótt mæði kveða”, content of rest ▶ Craigie 14–16 ▶ Craigie 18: translation down to “sætt af hendi Heðins”; content of rest ▶ Eiríks saga víðfǫrla: However far we get
Figure: “Allah Ring”, Birka (CC-BY Gabriel Hildebrand)
Figure: Territories and Voyages (CC-BY-SA Bogdan Giuşcă)
Figure: Danelaw (CC-BY-SA WMC user)
787–794 Sporadic accounts: Dorset, Lindisfarne, Northumbria 835–886 First wave of attacks; Danelaw established 899–927 Wessex captures Norse areas 939–954 Northumbria governed by Scandinavians 980–1016 Second wave of attacks 1016–1042 Danes govern England 1066 Battle of Stamford Bridge
Push
▶ Agricultural overpopulation ▶ Political exile ▶ Estate overpopulation ▶ Shortage of women
Pull
▶ Wealth ▶ (Women) ▶ Social prestige
Necessary Conditions
▶ Seaworthy ships ▶ Favourable climate
When he had taken possession of regions that had newly come into his power, King Haraldr was very wary about landed men and powerful farmers and all those about whom he had misgivings that some sort of uprising was to be expected of
leave the country; but the third option was to suffer harsh treatment or death, and some were maimed in their hands or feet. (Egils saga ch. 4)”
Figure: Oseberg Longship (CC-BY-SA: Flickr user)
He then continued due north as far as he could reach in the second three days. There the land turned due east, or the sea penetrated the land he did not know which — but he knew that he waited there for a west-north-west wind, and then sailed east along the coast as far as he could sail in four days. There he had to wait for a due northern wind, because there the land turned due south,
did not know which. Then from there he sailed due south along the coast as far as he could sail in five days. (Orosius 1.1, trans. Lund, Two Voyagers, 18–19)
Figure: Scandinavia (CC-BY-SA WMC user)
Figure: Clinker-Building (public domain / WMC user)
Figure: Oseberg Longship (CC-BY-SA: Flickr user)
Figure: Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age (CC-BY-SA: Robert A. Rohde)
Figure: Territories and Voyages (CC-BY-SA Bogdan Giuşcă)
Figure: Eastern Settlement (CC-BY-SA WMC user)
Figure: Western Settlement (CC-BY-SA WMC user)
Figure: Hvalsey Church, Eastern Settlement (CC0 WMC user)
Figure: L’anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland (public domain / WMC user)
Figure: L’anse aux Meadows, reconstruction (CC-BY Panoramio user)
▶ Legendary sagas: journeys to distand lands, esp. in the north and
east, commonly inhabited by giants or finnar
▶ Marvels of the East ▶ Itineraries, e.g. of the way to Rome or Jerusalem
Figure: Reconstructed world view (from Simek, “Elusive Elysia,” 271)
Figure: Voyages according to the sagas (CC-BY-SA WMC user)
Barraclough, Eleanor Rosamund. Beyond the Northlands: Viking Voyages and the Old Norse Sagas. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. Kunz, Keneva, trans. The Vinland Sagas. London: Penguin, 2008. Lund, Niels, ed. Two Voyagers at the Court of King Alfred: The Ventures of Ohthere and Wulfstan. Translated by Christine E. Fell. York: Sessions, 1984. Simek, Rudolf. Altnordische Kosmographie: Studien und Quellen zu Weltbild und Weltbeschreibung in Norwegen und Island vom 12. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert. Ergänzungsbände zum Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 4. Berlin and New York: De Gruyter, 1990.
Simek, Rudolf. “Elusive Elysia; or, Which Way to Glæsisvellir?: On the Geography of the North in Icelandic Legendary Fiction.” In Sagnaskemmtum: Studies in Honour of Hermann Pálsson, edited by Rudolf Simek, Jónas Kristjánsson, and Hans Bekker-Nielsen, 247–275. Vienna, Köln, and Graz: Hermann Böhlaus, 1986.