Valuation ofnoise Whats theprice ofSilence ? JanJabben - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Valuation ofnoise Whats theprice ofSilence ? JanJabben - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Valuation ofnoise Whats theprice ofSilence ? JanJabben SharingSoundinSerbia Belgrade,November7,2012 1 Belgrade,November7,2012 Whyvaluatenoise? Politicians/administratorsdont

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1 Belgrade,November7,2012

Valuation ofnoise

Whats theprice ofSilence ? JanJabben ‘SharingSoundinSerbia’ Belgrade,November7,2012

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Belgrade,November7,2012 2

Whyvaluatenoise?

  • Politicians/administratorsdon’t

reallythinkintermsofdecibels, annoyanceorsleepdisturbance

  • Rathertheyliketoweighup

differentoptionsandcompare costsofmeasureswithbenefits ─►Inordertoraisenoiseonthe politicalagenda,valuationmethods weredeveloped

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Belgrade,November7,2012 3 3 Korte titel – auteur, datum

Valuation ofnoise,But how ?

  • Marketbased

Observedbehavior e.g HedonicPricing

  • Non0market

Direct‘exante’ valuation e.g Willingnesstopayor toaccept

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Belgrade,November7,2012 4

ExampleCV6021h:Onetake0offevery10min.

Whowouldprefertoliveinthehousetotheright? Isitworthmorethan€ 20/year? € 50/year? 1takeoffevery10min none € 100/year?

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Belgrade,November7,2012 5

HedonicPricingandContinguent Valuation

  • Relatesnoisetolossofmarketvalue
  • feachdwelling
  • %Loss≈ NDIx(Lden0Lth)

NDI:NoiseDepreciationIndex Lth:thresholdvalue,belownolossis assumed Benefitsariseasreducedsocialloss Foreachdwelling, IfLden isabovethreshold: FixedamountperdB/year/household %loss Lden Lth

benefits reduction

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Belgrade,November7,2012 6

(Large)Uncertainties

  • InHP:

0 NDI=0,1~2,2%(Bateman2000) 0 Lth =50~55dB

  • InCV:

0 dB/yr/hh =2~112Euro/dB 0 Lth =50~55dB Theseuncertaintiesposethemain problemwhenusingCBstudiesto convincecriticalpolicymakers

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Valuation studies NDI (%) road traffic airport

Noise Depreciation Index from Bateman

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 5 5 2 5 4 5 6 5 8 6 6 2 6 4 6 6 6 8 7 7 2 7 4 7 6 7 8 8 France EU NL UK Sweden

Nijland EJTIR8(3)sept 2008

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Belgrade,November7,2012 7 7 Korte titel – auteur, datum

Purchasing powerparity (ppp 2003)

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Belgrade,November7,2012 8

Limitations

  • Notalleffectsareincluded,

0 HP/CVdonotratebenefitsin

  • utdoorquietareasand

0 Costsoflongtermhealtheffects probablynotfullyaccountedfor

  • Difficulttoincludebenefitsin

new(planned)residentialareas

  • Benefitsarenotdirectly

‘returned’ tothosewhopayfor measures

  • CBresultsarepronetobe

criticizedbywellinformed policymakers

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Belgrade,November7,2012 9 9 Korte titel – auteur, datum

Measures

  • Best:avoidneedformeasuresbygood

planningofnewdwellingsandsetlimitsfor them

  • andrelatively fewdwellings can be fully

protected

  • Measures expensive;Means always limited

barriers,~1mln/km|10015dBreduction silent pavings ~0,2mln/km|306dB Insulation ~5%ofdwelling value |406dB improve traffic logistics/behavior |3010dB

  • CB0analysisusingnoisemapscanhelpyou

prioritize

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Belgrade,November7,2012 10 10 Korte titel – auteur, datum

Benefits depend on how much isprotected

  • Depend on thenumber ofexposed dwellings
  • Themoredwellings areexposed over55dB,themoreeffective

measures become

  • Noise maps andcounting results can help

you to evaluate

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Belgrade,November7,2012 11

HPexample:BarriersinNL198602006

1986 2006

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Belgrade,November7,2012 12 12 Korte titel – auteur, datum

Exposuremotorwaysfromnoisemaps

# dwellings exposed x 1000

50 100 150 200 250 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Lden dBA

barriers no barriers

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Belgrade,November7,2012 13

HPusingNDI=0,5%andLth=53dB

  • Benefits~1020bln
  • Costsbarriers~1080bln
  • that’saboutbreakeven..
  • Notethat4dBsource

reduction(cars)would providealmostequal benefits!

Social loss HP in bln Euro NL motorways 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Barr. O

  • 2dB
  • 4
  • 6
  • 8

Sowhatismeantbycost0effectiveness?

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Belgrade,November7,2012 14

Notalldamagecanbecashedincost0effective

Costs 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Noise reduction in dB(A) Costs and benefits (mln euro) 1000 km urban motorways

Costs

cost

benefit

Speed ↓ tires pavement 8m barrier 3 m barrier Break

  • even

Cost effectiv

  • Needcostandbenefit

functionsC(r) andB(r)

  • Wherethereslopesare

equalmaxnetresult

  • Sourcereduction,even

whensmallareverycost effective

  • Barriersoftenbreakeven

atbest

Jabben,Internoise 2007Istanbul

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Belgrade,November7,2012 15

Tosummarize

  • CBAhelpstoprioritizenoise

measures

  • combiningCBAwithnoisemaps

providesfeelingforeffectivenessof measures

  • Makesiteasiertocommunicatewith

policymakersandargueformeasures

  • Maindrawbacks:largeuncertainties

inHPandCVparameters;

  • benefitsarenotdirectlyreturnedto

investors(whopayformeasures)

  • Sourcereductionismuchmore

effectivethanlocalmeasures

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Belgrade,November7,2012 16

Thankyou