Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, Institute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics Validation of an innovative experim ental safety assessm ent for virtual control tow er HMI designs Lothar Meyer Michael Schultz Harmut Fricke
Introduction Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics Introduction to the Virtual Tower Control Project and • hazards in the HMI design Problem definition • Approach to assess design configurations • Experimental setup • Results • Outlook • Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 2 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Introduction Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics VICTOR (DFS) • Raice, Raptor (DLR) • Advanced Remote Tower • (Saab) Main funct Main function is on is t to substitute visual info sub titute visual inform rmation ation Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 3 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Display systems for remote control surveillance Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics Systems for HMI design Video camera • – Pan tilt camera – Panorama view Infrared camera • Radar (primary and secondary) • Source: Source: DLR DLR Tracking functions on the video • screen Airport status monitor • Weather monitor • Source: Source: DLR DLR Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 4 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Hazard definition and identification Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics A hazard is a corrupted or incomplete perception of • visual information in the context of ATCOs tasks 27 hazards were identified by 5 ATCOs in a workshop • 13 with severity class A (Accident) • Proposed hazard classification • Traffic Traffic Object Object situation situation appearance appearance ! Aerodrome Aerodrome Airspace Airspace status status monitoring monitoring Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 5 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Hazard examples Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics Inability to detect objects on RWY when checking RWY occupancy for • giving a landing clearance (wildlife, a/ c, ground vehicles, pedestrian) detect weather conditions (wind shearing) • check a/ c for abnormal appearance (protection of Pitot- • sensors not removed, engine failure and smoke generation) check gears in the case of a low pass tower • detect unauthorized movements in the area of responsibility • to immediately detect go arounds of a/ c • A complete overview will be published soon. Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 6 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
risk contributing design parameters as causes Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 7 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Motivation and approach Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics Which design parameters contribute most to mitigate risk? Assum ptions A set of configuration setups of the HMI are available • Boundary conditions are determined • – Weather – Traffic volume / density – Airport layout – Concept of operations Concept Provoke hazard occurrence by performing experiments • (HIL) with threat appearance Varying design parameters (assumed as independent • input variable) Assess HMI setups by resulting frequency of occurrence • Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 8 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Experimental Virtual Control Tower Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics Video system • Secondary ground • surveillance Secondary airborne • Surveillance Radar (SSR) Keystrokes for • clearance indication Keystrokes to indicate successfully detected • threat appearances Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 9 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Design issues Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics Crossing view (pointed angle to RWY) Panoramic view (180°) Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 10 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Implemented threat appearance Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics Go around Go around An Anima imal appearance appearance Unauthorized overrun of l Unauthorized overrun of lineup stop bars by a/c neup stop bars by a/c and ground vehic and ground vehicle Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 11 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Design configurations Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics Configuration Point of view Secondary Ground Surveillance A Panoramic Available B Panoramic Not available C Crossing Available Baseline A • B and C each including one variation of A • Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 12 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Experimental concept Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics Operational scenario includes • – Inbound traffic (automated landing clearances) – Outbound traffic (automated push back and taxi clearance) – Hazard appearances – Airport (single runway layout) Primary Task • – Clear for lineup – Clear for take off Secondary Task • – Detect threat events Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 13 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Experimental concept Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics Accident Trigger Runway Incursion Traffic data Trafficgenerator Violation of vortex seperation minima Clear traffic Line up overrun Experimental Test Virtual Go around person Control Detect Visualize Tower Animal occurrences • Traffic inbound (go around): 12 (4) • Traffic outbound (overrun): 13 (3) • Friction test vehicles (overrun): 4 (2) • Animal appearance: 4 • Endurance of one run: 34 minutes Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 14 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Execution of the experiment Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics 13 test persons performed the execution • Varying sequence of configuration A,B and C • Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 15 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Violation of the primary task Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics The missing ground • 7 surveillance (B) ~ ~ ~ ~ contributes most to the 5 frequency of RWY 4.5 incursion and violation of 4 3.5 vortex separation 3 minima. 2.5 The panoramic view/ • 2 ground surveillance 1.5 availability (A) 1 contributes least. 0.5 0 A B C A B C RWY Incursion Violation of vortex separation minima Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 16 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Violation of the secondary task Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics relative frequency The missing ground Detec tection r ion rate te • of occurrence surveillance (B) 100% 90% contributes most to 80% successfully detect 70% animals and go arounds 60% The missing ground • 50% 40% surveillance (B) 30% contributes most to not 20% detect overrunning events 10% of a/ c and ground 0% A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C vehicles A A A A A v v v v v m m o o m e e e e e r r v r v r r a a a a a a a a e e t t t g g r g r g g c c c e e r e r e e h h h u u r r r r r The crossing view (C) e e e n n a a a a a • d d d i i t t t t t n n e e e e e e a g g g v n o o o o o o e i a f f g f a f f m n r r / m m c o t o contributes little to the a s u u a a l s n n t t c c d d h h s v e e e d d frequency to detect go h i c l e s around events compared to (A) Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 17 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Conclusion Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics An assessment of HMI setups has been • performed that points out contributing effects on the probability of hazard occurrence. The assessment identifies safety relevant • design parameters. The development of safety requirements may • take into account identified safety relevant design parameters. Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 18 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
Outlook Faculty of Transportation and Traffic Sciences, I nstitute of Logistics and Aviation, Chair of Air Transport Technology and Logistics Multiple Airport Control: Assess new concepts of • operation Varying input variable: maximum number of • controlled movements at a time Dipl.- Ing Lothar Meyer 19 SESAR Innovation Days 2011
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