SLIDE 1
The sharka disease, a major phytosanitary problem in stone fruit production
- Due to Plum Pox Virus (PPV) infection, a quarantine
pathogen
- Transmissible by aphids and grafting
- Major socio-economic impact, especially in
Vronique Decroocq INRA Bordeaux The sharka disease, a major - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Vronique Decroocq INRA Bordeaux The sharka disease, a major - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Vronique Decroocq INRA Bordeaux The sharka disease, a major phytosanitary problem in stone fruit production Plum, peach, apricot, cherry, almond Due to Plum Pox Virus (PPV) infection, a quarantine pathogen Transmissible by aphids and
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
The routes to sharka dissemination
NURSERIES ORCHARDS
Grafting Aphids
SLIDE 4
Sharka propagation EU- and world-wide
SLIDE 5
Sharka propagation EU- and world-wide
North America 1999 (PPV-D) Bulgaria 1917-1918 Chile 1993 (PPV-D) Japan 2009 China 2004 India 1994 Egypt 1988
SLIDE 6
Impact of sharka on fruit production
- Disease management EU-wide 10 billions € / 30 y
- Loss in apricot production 3.5 billions €
- EU entire regions of apricot or peach production dropped cultivation because
- f heavy sharka infection (Spain -Valenciano-, Greece –Peloponese-,
Austria…) NURSERIES ORCHARDS
- Loss of phytosanitary passport for three
consecutive years, at least. Sale and production
- f Stone fruit plants are completely forbidden.
- Infected trees are eliminated.
If more than 10% of the
- rchard is infected, the field
is removed.
SLIDE 7
Methods of sharka containment
- Plantation of healthy material (certified virus-free)
- Control of aphids (but not efficient in the case of sharka)
- Eradication of any PPV infected wild or cultivated trees around
nurseries and orchards
- Development of sharka resistant varieties
SLIDE 8
Methods of sharka containment
- Development of sharka resistant varieties
Resistance Prunus davidiana Prunus dulcis (almond) Susceptibility No peach genitor resistant to sharka Hypersensitivity ‘Jojo’ Susceptibility One single source of resistance in plum Tolerance Partial resistance Resistance Immunity ‘Goldrich’ ‘Henderson’ ‘SEO’ ‘Stella’ ‘Harlayne’ ‘NJA2’ ‘Harcot’ Susceptibility Few Apricot genitors of the same genetic origin
SLIDE 9
From SharCo to MARS
SharCo for Sharka Containement (2008-2012): Three main research focus
1) Epidemiology 2) Genetic 3) Guidelines for disease management
- Highthroughput selection of PPV resistant, new apricot
cultivars, adapted to the EU-wide cultivation requirement (from North to South, from West to East)
- Transfer of the technology and the plant material to SMEs
MARS for Marker Assisted Resistance to Sharka
(2013-2015)
SLIDE 10
France Spain Germany Poland Czech R Slovakia Romania Serbia Bulgaria Turkey Italy
17 partners: 9 public institutions INRA (France) UMIL (Italy) UNIBO (Italy) USAMV (Romania) FGI (Bulgaria) MKU (Turkey) NAGREF (Greece) CEBAS-CSIC (Spain) Mendelu Univ (Czech rep) 8 private partners ADNid (France) Beta Company (Turkey) Food Allergens (Greece) CEP Innovation (France) C.R.P.V (Italy) Juglans regia (Bulgaria) EFE VIVEROS del Sureste (Spain) Phytoria Karayiannis (Greece)
MARS: For EU-wide MAS of PPV resistant apricot (2013-2015)
SLIDE 11
Expected results of MARS: Marker Assisted Resistance to Sharka
- To
provide highly competitive trees AND molecular tools for breeding for resistance to PPV and ensuring the safe production of stone fruits
- To
transfer knowledge and technologies to SMEs in order to speed up in Europe the selection of innovative plant material resistant to Plum pox virus
SLIDE 12
MARS activities and achievements
- The Marker Assisted Selection technology: Legacy of the
SharCo FP7 project Filippo Geuna and Daniele Bassi (UNIMIL)
- The MARS outcomes for the apricot fruit industry