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UTS greyhounds safety and welfare research
Professor David Eager University of Technology Sydney
Dubbo greyhounds racing track
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018UTS greyhounds safety and welfare research Professor David Eager - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
UTS greyhounds safety and welfare research Professor David Eager - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
UTS greyhounds safety and welfare research Professor David Eager University of Technology Sydney Dubbo greyhounds racing track David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain April 2018 Dubbo greyhound racing track Track overview 318 m
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Track specification at a glance Bends: 51 m Length of straight sections: 63 m Inner track cross fall for bends apexes: 7.76% (4.44°) Inner track cross fall on the straights: 3.79% (2.17°) Track path has no transition between straight and bend Track has a combination of straight and bend starts
Dubbo greyhound racing track
Track overview
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018Finish 400 m 516 m 318 m Catching pen 600 m Dubbo
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UTS injury category
Rating Incapacitation Period Typical injury types Minor injuries-1 (MINa) 0 days Mild skin abrasion/grazes Minor injuries-2 (MINb) 1-10 days Grade 1 muscle injury Mild skin laceration Medium injuries (MED) 11-21 days Join/ligament sprain Skin laceration Grade 2 muscle injury Major injuries (MAJ) Greater than 21 days Grade 3 muscle injury Bone fracture Catastrophic (CATb) Euthanised post-race Euthanised post-race, unable to be retired or unable to race NB: does not include all data (deaths) Catastrophic (CATa) Deceased or euthanised on race day Severe skull or spinal trauma Complex / Open / Join fracture
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018 SLIDE 5
Injury levels
CATa + CATb
Level 1
CATa + CATb + MAJ
Level 2
CATa + CATb + MAJ + MED
Level 3
CATa + CATb + MAJ + MED + MINa + MINb
Level 4
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018 SLIDE 6
Dubbo greyhound racing track
Interventions date
Hoop lure introduced on 29th June 2017 at Dubbo track
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018 SLIDE 7
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018
Level 1 normalised injuries in 2017
Number of injuries per 1000 starts
NSW Tracks c
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c
Level 1 normalised injuries in 2016
Number of injuries per 1000 starts
NSW Tracks
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Level 2 normalised injuries in 2017
Number of injuries per 1000 starts NSW Tracks
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Level 2 normalised injuries in 2016
Number of injuries per 1000 starts NSW Tracks
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Dubbo greyhound racing track
Level 1 injuries 2016 and 2017
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018 SLIDE 12
Dubbo greyhound racing track
Level 2 injuries 2017 and 2016
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018 SLIDE 13
Dubbo greyhounds racing track
Injury locations 2016 and 2017
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Dubbo greyhounds racing track
Injury locations 2016 and 2017
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Dubbo greyhounds racing track
Injury locations 2016 and 2017
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Greyhounds stride analysis
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018 SLIDE 17
Greyhounds stride pattern
Acceleration data acquisition
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018Sandy-loam track way (≈ 7.9% or 4.5° cross fall) Greyhound Jacket Fore-legs
Fc FV
X Y Z
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Greyhounds stride analysis
Straight running
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018Left foreleg Right foreleg Flight compressed Right hindleg Left hindleg Flight extended
40 80 120 160 200 240 280 Time (ms) 46 40 54 48 44 52
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Greyhounds stride analysis
Straight running
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018Left foreleg Right foreleg Flight compressed Right hindleg Left hindleg Flight extended
3 6 Distance (m)
2.22 2.93 0.8 5.36
Left foreleg
0.0
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Track design investigation
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018 SLIDE 21
Track design investigation
Greyhounds on the bends
Acceleration of a greyhound on the bend top view
Major forces acting on a greyhound on the straight side view
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018ax Forward acceleration ay Centripetal acceleration a Resultant acceleration
Weight of greyhound Frictional force From the track / Shear strength of track Normal force from the ground Reference frame Z X Y ay a ax
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Track design investigation
Greyhounds on the bends
Forces acting on a greyhound on the bend front view
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018Greyhound’s weight Greyhound’s centre of gravity Centrifugal force Friction from the ground (!") / ground’s shear strength ≈ 57° greyhound’s lean Reference frame Track cross fall (#) ≈ 7.9% (4.5°) Normal force from the ground Track width ≈ 5m
Track bend 51m Y Z X
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Track design investigation
What can be done for cross falls at the tracks
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018Maximum leaning relative to the ground High cross fall Horizontal components of normal force and friction provide centripetal force Normal force Friction Horizontal component of normal force provides centripetal force Normal force No leaning relative to the ground Low cross fall
Track bend (m) Track cross falls (%) Track cross falls (deg) 45 78.1 38 50 70 35 55 62.5 32 60 57.7 30 65 53.2 28 70 46.6 25Optimum Current
Optimum cross falls
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Track design investigation
What can be done for cross falls at the tracks
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018Track surface grades from surveyed data
Track surface grades existing Track surface grades improved
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Track design investigation
Continuity of a track path
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018A Second order A First order
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Track design investigation
Straight to bend path types in GRNSW tracks
No transition (N) Part transition (P)
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018Track straight section Track straight section
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Track design investigation
Case study Richmond 400 m starts immediate bend
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Most injury prone GRNSW tracks starts and corners
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018 SLIDE 29
Most injury prone GRNSW tracks starts and corners in 2016
Worst five starts and corresponding corners
- 1. Grafton 480 m starts Back turn exit corner
- 2. Nowra 365 m starts Back turn exit corner
- 3. Grafton 305 m starts Home turn in corner
- 4. Casino 484 m starts Back turn in corner
- 5. Gosford 515 m starts Back turn in corner
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Most injury prone GRNSW tracks starts and corners in 2016
Grafton 480 m starts Back turn exit corner
480m start Catching pen Finish Back turn Home turn Back straight Home straight Number of starts: 847 Number of races: 111
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018Catastrophic Major injury Medium injury Minor injury
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Most injury prone GRNSW tracks starts and corners in 2016
Nowra 365 m starts Back turn exit corner
365m start Catching pen Finish Back turn Home turn Back straight Home straight Number of starts: 2396 Number of races: 311
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018Catastrophic Major injury Medium injury Minor injury
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Most injury prone GRNSW tracks starts and corners in 2016
Grafton 305 m starts Home turn in corner
305m start Catching pen Finish Back turn Home turn Back straight Home straight Number of starts: 1071 Number of races: 138
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018Catastrophic Major injury Medium injury Minor injury
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Most injury prone GRNSW tracks starts and corners in 2016
Casino 484 m starts Back turn in corner
484m start Catching pen Finish Back turn Home turn Number of starts: 1943 Number of races: 252
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018Catastrophic Major injury Medium injury Minor injury
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Most injury prone GRNSW tracks starts and corners in 2016
Gosford 515 m starts Back turn in corner
515m start Catching pen Finish Back turn Home turn Back straight Home straight Number of starts: 2130 Number of races: 277
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 2018Catastrophic Major injury Medium injury Minor injury
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UTS phase I recommendations
Average injury rate for Level 2 injuries 2016
David Eager, Hasti Hayati and Imam Hossain – April 201812% difference Injuries per 1000 starts Straight starts Bend starts
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