USE OF VEHICLE DYNAMICS SIMULATION IN A FORMULA STUDENT TEAM - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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USE OF VEHICLE DYNAMICS SIMULATION IN A FORMULA STUDENT TEAM - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 13, 2023 106 likes •391 views

USE OF VEHICLE DYNAMICS SIMULATION IN A FORMULA STUDENT TEAM CONTENT. INTRODUCTION FORMULA 1. STUDENT INTRODUCTION 2. KA-RACEING 3. 3. SIMULATION MODELS SIMULATION MODELS 4. CONCEPT DECISIONS 5. SUSPENSION TUNING CONTROL SYSTEM 6.

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SLIDE 1

USE OF VEHICLE DYNAMICS SIMULATION IN A FORMULA STUDENT TEAM

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SLIDE 2

CONTENT.

1. 2. 3.

INTRODUCTION FORMULA STUDENT INTRODUCTION KA-RACEING

SIMULATION MODELS

3. 4. 5. 6.

SIMULATION MODELS CONCEPT DECISIONS SUSPENSION TUNING

CONTROL SYSTEM VERIFICATION

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SLIDE 3

INTRODUCTION FORMULA STUDENT

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SLIDE 4
  • Design competition with an

race car theme

  • 11 events in 10 countries

and on 5 continents per year

  • Formula Student teams in

INTRODUCTION FORMULA STUDENT

Formula Student teams in

  • ver 50 different countries
  • Over 70 teams in Germany
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SLIDE 5
  • 8 disciplines in an event

– 5 dynamic disciplines – 3 static disciplines

  • Goal is to score 1000 points

INTRODUCTION FORMULA STUDENT

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SLIDE 6

INTRODUCTION KA-RACEING

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SLIDE 7

INTRODUCTION KA-RACEING

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  • Formula Student Team of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
  • Founded in 2006, first car in 2007
  • Since 2010 every year one electric and one combustion car

One team, two cars!

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SLIDE 8

INTRODUCTION KA-RACEING

  • In 2014:

– 55 Students – 2 cars – 5 events

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SLIDE 9

KIT14c

INTRODUCTION KA-RACEING

  • 199 kg
  • Self-developed combustion engine
  • Drag Reduction System
  • 10“ tires on CFRP rims
  • Hybrid Chassis
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SLIDE 10

KIT14e

INTRODUCTION KA-RACEING

  • 211 kg
  • Self-developed electric engines
  • Drag Reduction System
  • Monocoque
  • 10“ tires on CFRP rims
  • „Active Yaw Control“ and „Traction Control“
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SLIDE 11

SIMULATION MODELS

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SLIDE 12

Tire Model

  • 2007 – 2013: Magic Formula

– Pro:

  • very good for steady-state analysis
  • low computing time

SIMULATION MODELS

  • low computing time
  • available Fitting Software

– Contra:

  • over 160 parameters
  • often problems with oscillations
  • hard to properly fit transient

coefficients

  • no road uneveness
  • no thermal model
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SLIDE 13

SIMULATION MODELS

Tire Model

  • Since 2014: KA-RaceTire

Wheel Load Model

  • 1. Order

Model

  • 1. Order

Dynamics Model Fz Camber Slip Vel. Slip Scale Factor

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TMEasy Camber Model Fx Fy Output Fx Fy

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SLIDE 14
  • Electric Powertrain
  • Simulink Model of Electric Powertrain containing:

– Engine model with efficiency map – Battery model with efficiency factors – Recuperation considered – Control Systems embedded

SIMULATION MODELS

Control Systems embedded

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SLIDE 15

SIMULATION MODELS

  • Aerodynamics
  • Aerodynamic coefficients as function of ride height, roll and

pitch angle

  • Model for DRS actuation
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SLIDE 16

CONCEPT DECISIONS

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SLIDE 17
  • Lap-Time Simulation
  • Lap-Time Simulation suitable for basic concept decisions
  • Driver handling the car close to its physical limits
  • Comparison of lap-times sensitivy of lap-time on different

parameters

CONCEPT DECISIONS

parameters

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SLIDE 18
  • Powertrain Concept
  • Concepts different in:

– Mass – Intertia – Number of driven wheels

CONCEPT DECISIONS

Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3

2WD, very light car 4WD, high inertia, medium weight 4WD, high weight, medium inertia, high torque

Acceleration 100 % 81 % 78 %

– Number of driven wheels – Center of Gravity – Engine Power

Acceleration 100 % 81 % 78 % Skid-Pad 100 % 104 % 106 % Autocross 100 % 88 % 87 % Endurance 100 % 88 % 87 %

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SLIDE 19
  • Aerodynamics Concept
  • Aerodynamics in general

CONCEPT DECISIONS

Without Aero With Aero Cz

  • 0,2 %

100 % Cx 31,3 % 100 % Lap-Time Skid-Pad 103 % 100 % Lap-Time Autocross 114,2 % 100 %

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SLIDE 20
  • Aerodynamics Concept
  • DRS Concept

CONCEPT DECISIONS

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SLIDE 21

SUSPENSION TUNING

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SLIDE 22
  • Sensitivity Studies with Open-Loop-Maneuvers

– Steady-State Cornering – Steer-Step – Sinus-Sweep – Accelerating

SUSPENSION TUNING

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SLIDE 23
  • Parameter Studies to:

– Learn about influences of parameters on vehicle dynamics – Know which parameter to change – Save Test Time!

SUSPENSION TUNING

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SLIDE 24

CONTROL SYSTEMS VERIFICATION

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SLIDE 25
  • Control Systems on electric since KIT12e

– KIT12e: Traction Control – KIT13e & KIT14e: Traction Control and Active Yaw Control

CONTROL SYSTEMS VERIFICATION

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SLIDE 26
  • Verification of Control Systems in CarMaker:

– Do the Control Systems work? – How is the interaction? – Is there any strange behaviour in certain maneuvers? – Do the Control Systems work in all disciplines?

CONTROL SYSTEMS VERIFICATION

  • Validation and Parameter Tuning on track!
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SLIDE 27

Thank you!