Urban an p plan annin ing an and t tran ansport i - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
urban an p plan annin ing an and t tran ansport i
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Urban an p plan annin ing an and t tran ansport i - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 29, 2023 147 likes •517 views

Urban an p plan annin ing an and t tran ansport i infrastructure provis isio ion in the Rands ndstad, d, N Netherlands nds a global ci city ty cl clust ster ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences

slide-1
SLIDE 1

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 1

Challenge the future

Delft University of Technology

Urban an p plan annin ing an and t tran ansport i infrastructure provis isio ion in the Rands ndstad, d, N Netherlands nds – a global ci city ty cl clust ster

Dominic S Stea ead & E Eve vert Mei eije jers

slide-2
SLIDE 2

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 2

The N Netherlands

  • 16.8 million inhabitants

(64th largest population)

  • 17th largest economy
  • 450 people per km2
  • 3.2% increase in population

(2004-2013)

  • 3.8% increase in urban

population (2004-2010)

  • 0.52 cars per capita
  • >1 bicycle per capita

China

  • 1,357 million inhabitants

(largest population)

  • 2nd largest economy
  • 141 people per km2
  • 4.4% increase in population

(2004-2013)

  • 22.6% increase in urban

population (2004-2010)

  • 0.12 cars per capita
slide-3
SLIDE 3

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 3

Modal s split i in t the N Netherlands

car (driver) 49% car (passenger) 23% train 8% bus/tram/metro 3% cycle 8% foot 3%

  • ther

6% car (driver) 32% car (passenger) 14% train 2% bus/tram/metro 3% cycle 28% foot 18%

  • ther

3%

by distance by trip

slide-4
SLIDE 4

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 4

Urbanisat ation in the Netherlan ands

20 40 60 80 100 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Urban population (%) USA Netherlands China

1960-2012

Netherlands 60-84% USA 70-83% China 16-52%

slide-5
SLIDE 5

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 5

Urbanisation in t the N Netherlan ands, 1 1950

rijksoverheid.nl

slide-6
SLIDE 6

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 6

Urbanisation in t the N Netherlan ands, 2 2010

rijksoverheid.nl

slide-7
SLIDE 7

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 7

The Randstad

rijksoverheid.nl

  • High-density, low-rise
  • Large proportion of

the country’s population

  • No dominant core city
  • Not a tier of

government

  • No official boundary
  • One of Europe’s most

populous metropolitan regions (after London, Rhine- Ruhr, Paris and Milan)

slide-8
SLIDE 8

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 8

The Randstad

Contains the 4 largest cities in NL:

  • Amsterdam (0.8 million)
  • Rotterdam (0.6 million)
  • the Hague (0.5 million)
  • Utrecht (0.3 million)

Total population ≈ 7 million

> 40% of NL population

Another 7 cities with >100,000 residents:

Almere, Amersfoort, Dordrecht, Haarlem, Leiden, Zaanstad, Zoetermeer

Polycentric, networked urban structure

90km 90km

slide-9
SLIDE 9

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 9

The Randstad

Complementary urban functions

  • Amsterdam: culture and

finance

  • Rotterdam: shipping and

trade

  • The Hague: government

and international

  • rganisations
  • Utrecht: health and service

sectors

slide-10
SLIDE 10

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 10

Urbanisation and rail i infrastruct cture d deve velopment

Amsterdam Rotterdam The Hague Utrecht

d.kasraianmoghaddam@tudelft.nl

slide-11
SLIDE 11

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 11

Ra Rail network

  • rk

fairriqh.nl

High-frequency (Randstad) Busiest network in EU: >1 million passengers/day Polycentric network less vulnerable to blockage

slide-12
SLIDE 12

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 12

Commuting patterns – flows

The Hague Rotterdam Utrecht Amsterdam

Ritsema van Eck, J. & Snellen, D. (2006). Is the Randstad a city network? Evidence from commuting patterns. Paper presented at the European Transport Conference, Strasbourg, 18-20 September 2006.

slide-13
SLIDE 13

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 13

Commuting patterns – direct ction o

  • f f

flows

The Hague Rotterdam Utrecht Amsterdam symmetry asymmetry

Ritsema van Eck, J. & Snellen, D. (2006). Is the Randstad a city network? Evidence from commuting patterns. Paper presented at the European Transport Conference, Strasbourg, 18-20 September 2006.

slide-14
SLIDE 14

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 14 Burger, M. van der Knaap, B. & Wall, R.S. (2014). Polycentricity and the Multiplexity of Urban Networks. European Planning Studies 22(4) 816-840 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.771619

Commu mmuting – lowe wer-skilled

The Hague Rotterdam Utrecht Amsterdam

slide-15
SLIDE 15

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 15

Commu mmuting – higher-skilled

Burger, M. van der Knaap, B. & Wall, R.S. (2014). Polycentricity and the Multiplexity of Urban Networks. European Planning Studies 22(4) 816-840 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.771619

The Hague Rotterdam Utrecht Amsterdam

slide-16
SLIDE 16

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 16

Business trave vel

Burger, M. van der Knaap, B. & Wall, R.S. (2014). Polycentricity and the Multiplexity of Urban Networks. European Planning Studies 22(4) 816-840 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.771619

The Hague Rotterdam Utrecht Amsterdam

slide-17
SLIDE 17

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 17

Shopping

Burger, M. van der Knaap, B. & Wall, R.S. (2014). Polycentricity and the Multiplexity of Urban Networks. European Planning Studies 22(4) 816-840 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.771619

The Hague Rotterdam Utrecht Amsterdam

slide-18
SLIDE 18

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 18

Urban networks

rijksoverheid.nl

slide-19
SLIDE 19

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 19

Urban f form, ci city cl clusters a and urban performance

  • Ideas about city clusters

are not new

  • Whether city clusters

perform economically, environmentally or socially better than single cities of the same size has not been established conclusively

  • Agglomeration benefits/

‘borrowed size’ (+)

  • ‘Agglomeration shadows’

(-)

Ebeneezer Howard 1898

slide-20
SLIDE 20

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 20

Urban grow rowth, 1 1950 950s

  • post-war reconstruction
  • extensive city

expansion, suburbanisation

  • protection of the ‘Green

Heart’

  • concerns about
  • vercrowding, air

quality, healthy living conditions

  • increasing motorisation,

some cuts in rail infrastructure

slide-21
SLIDE 21

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 21

Urban grow rowth, 1 1960 960s-1980s

Almere (1976): 0.18m Houten (1979) Capelle aan den IJssel (1977) Haarlemmermeer (1981) Hellevoetsluis (1976) Huizen (1967) Lelystad (1967) Nieuwegein (1974) Zoetermeer (1962) 0.12m Spijkenisse (1977) Alkmaar (1972) Hoorn (1966) Purmerend (1960) Bontje, M. (2003). A ‘Planner's Paradise’ Lost? Past, Present and Future of Dutch National Urbanization

  • Policy. Eur. Urban & Regional Studies 10(2) 135-151

http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776403010002003

slide-22
SLIDE 22

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 22

infrastruct.wordpress.com

ZOETERMEER

Rail backbone – local and regional

slide-23
SLIDE 23

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 23

reflecturban.wordpress.com

Rail axis Cycle network Access restrictions for cars

slide-24
SLIDE 24

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 24

Urban grow rowth, 1990 990s-2010

  • urban extensions
  • compactness
  • public transport services

provided late

  • proximity to motorways

increased car-reliance

slide-25
SLIDE 25

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 25

Urban grow rowth, post st-2010

Urban infill Smaller-scale but not individual Location strongly related to transport infrastructure

slide-26
SLIDE 26

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 26

Ke Key i issues i in transport p policy

  • dense road, rail and waterway networks – all heavily used
  • importance of the transport sector to the national and

regional economy

  • linking the urban network
  • maximising the use of capacity
  • promoting more use of integrated modes
  • reducing adverse impacts (e.g. air quality; landscape

intrusion)

slide-27
SLIDE 27

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 27

Hi High-speed rail – linking t the urban n network

fairriqh.nl

120 km HST line Completed in 2009 at a cost of €7,195 m Delays due to safety system and rolling stock problems

slide-28
SLIDE 28

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 28

Hi High-speed rail – linking t the urban n network

  • HST routed

through the Green Heart

  • 7.1 km tunnel

constructed

slide-29
SLIDE 29

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 29

beeldbank.rws.nl

Maxi ximising ca capaci city

Maximising the use of existing infrastructure

slide-30
SLIDE 30

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 30

nrc.nl

Maxi ximising ca capaci city

Decision in 2007 that road pricing (per km) would be introduced Possible way of reducing local traffic on national infrastructure Plans abandoned in 2010

slide-31
SLIDE 31

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 31

trouw.nl

Integrated tick cketing

slide-32
SLIDE 32

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 32

q42.nl

Re Real-ti time tr travel planning

slide-33
SLIDE 33

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 33

Conclusion

  • ns/lesson
  • ns
  • transportation and infrastructure development in city

clusters should be closely tied to urban development strategies

  • disentangling local and metropolitan traffic (road and rail)

may have benefits for the performance of city clusters

  • maximising existing capacity, rather than adding capacity,

is crucial

slide-34
SLIDE 34

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 34

  • Should long distance and short distance traffic be regulated

separately? To what extent might this affect the performance of city clusters?

  • How can infrastructure networks be prevented from

fragmenting landscape and damaging natural areas?

  • How can urban development be controlled effectively along

road transport infrastructure?

  • Should city clusters function as ‘daily urban systems’? If so,

how should the transport system be planned and operated?

slide-35
SLIDE 35

ITF/TPRI Roundtable on Integrated Transport Development Experiences of Global City Clusters 35

Thank you for your attention http://about.me/DominicStead