Updates on Climate Change Policy Measures Dr. Akio Takemoto - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Updates on Climate Change Policy Measures

• Dr. Akio Takemoto

Director for International Strategy on Climate Change, Global Environmental Bureau, Ministry of the Environment

24 Oct. 2017

Partnership for Market Readiness 17th Meeting of the Partnership Assembly (PA17) October 24-26, 2017, Hilton Hotel Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

GHG Emissions Trends (1990-2015)

Emissions by sector in FY 2015 （excluding LULUCF）

(Source) National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Japan (April, 2017), Global Warming Countermeasures Plan 1,325 Note: The values of GHG emissions are based on the 2017 GHG inventory submission, which were revised from the values reported in the BR2. In the right pie chart, total is not equal 100% due to rounding.

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• 26% from

FY2013

• 3.8% or

more from FY2005

Energy 88.7% Iindustrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) 7.1% Agriculture 2.5% Waste 1.6%

Trends of Energy Consumption and GHG Intensity

10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Final energy consumption (PJ) Fiscal Year 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Index (FY1990=100) Fiscal Year GDP GHG emissions GHG intensity of GDP

Final energy consumption GHG intensity of GDP

(Source) National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Japan (April, 2017), Annual Report on National Accounts Note: The values of GHG emissions are based on the 2017 GHG inventory submission, which were revised from the values reported in the BR2. (Source) General Energy Statistics of Japan (April, 2017)

GHG intensity of GDP

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Japan’s Emissions Reduction Target

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2020 2030 Emissions reduction target 3.8% or more reduction 26.0% reduction (25.4%) Base year FY2005 FY2013 (FY2005) Target year FY2020 FY2030 Covered gases CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3 CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3 GWP IPCC AR4 IPCC AR4 Covered sector Energy, Transport, IPPU, Agriculture, LULUCF and Waste Energy, Transport, IPPU, Agriculture, LULUCF and Waste Removals from the LULUCF Included (Activity-based approach) Included (Activity-based approach)

 2020 target: 3.8% or more emission reduction by 2020 compared to

2005 (Updated on May, 2016)

 2030 target (Japan’s NDC): 26.0% reduction by 2030 compared to

2013 (25.4% reduction by 2030 compared to 2005)

Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures (May 2016)

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 Purpose of the Plan

Promote Japan’s global warming countermeasures in a comprehensive and a well- planned manner

 Contents

✓ Basic direction regarding the promotion of global warming countermeasures

pursuing actions toward: ・National mid-term target : 26% reduction by 2030 ・National long-term goal : aim for 80% reduction by 2050 ・Global GHG reduction

✓ GHG reduction target

BY FY2030 : 26% (25.4%) reduction compared to FY2013 (FY2005) BY FY2020 : 3.8% or more reduction compared to FY2005

✓ Progress Management of the Plan

Progress review : every year Revision consideration : every 3 years

✓ Polices and measures for achieving targets

Examples of Policies and Measures (1)

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Industry’s Action Plans

➢ GHG emissions reduction plans for 2020 and/or 2030: 114 industry groups cover 80% of energy related CO2 ➢ Based on “Pledge & Reviews” and “Public Private Partnership”

Low-Carbonization of Electricity

➢ 44% of non-fossil fuel power supply in 2030 (renewable and nuclear). ➢ Reform and operation of FIT (feed-in-tariff) scheme for renewable energies ➢ Utilizing nuclear power generation whose safety is confirmed ➢ Improving the Efficiency of Thermal Power Generation

Examples of Policies and Measures (2)

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The Act on the Rational Use of Energy

➢ Measurement and reporting of energy consumption by business operators ➢ Improving energy-efficiency: more than 1% annually for major factories and offices ➢ “Top Runner program” for household appliances, equipment and automobiles

Top Runner Program

➢ Mandatory program for manufacturers and importers to fulfill energy efficiency targets, encouraging competition and innovation

Air-conditioners 30.7% (FY2001→FY2014) Improvement in energy efficiency Passenger cars 96.7% (FY1996→FY2014)

Examples of Policies and Measures (3)

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Highly Energy-Efficient Vehicles

➢ Share of next-generation vehicles: 50 to 70% by FY2030

Electric vehicles (EV) Plug-in Hybrid vehicles (PHV) Fuel cell vehicles (FCV)

Low-Carbonization of Houses and Buildings

EV charger

➢ Mandatory energy efficiency standards for newly constructed houses and buildings: gradual introduction by 2020

ZEH/ZEB: Net annual energy consumption in the house/building is around zero or below

➢ Promoting ZEH (Net-zero-energy houses)/ZEB (Net-zero-energy buildings)

Examples of Policies and Measures (4)

“COOL CHOICE” campaign

Choose now for our future

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(3) Low-carbon lifestyle e.g. : Public relations activities on campaigns such as COOL BIZ, WARM BIZ, Eco-drive (1) Replacement to low-carbon products e.g. : LED and energy efficient appliances (2) Low-carbon services e.g. : Promote use of public transport Develop a sense of urgency on global warming crisis ✓ Help people to relate global warming issues with their personal lives ✓ Encourage their voluntary actions as individuals e.g. : Production of effective content for crisis education

Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)

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(Example of pipeline projects)

Progress: 17 partner countries with 122 projects in the pipeline Credits already issued from 6 projects 44 MRV* methodologies

MRV: measurement, reporting and verification

【Waste heat recovery in cement industry】 (Indonesia) 122,000tCO2/y. Start operation: Sep. 2017. 【Energy-efficient data center】 (Laos) 1,074tCO2/y. Start operation Jan. 2017 【Low carbon hotel by development of BEMS】 (Viet Nam) 605tCO2/y. Start operation: Jan. 2017

JAPAN

Partner Country

• Low carbon

technologies, etc

• Mitigation actions

JCM Projects GHG emission reductions/ removals Achieve reduction target

Credits Operation and Management

MRV*

【Waste to Energy plant】 (Myanmar) 4,732tCO2/y. Start operation: Apr. 2017

➢ Facilitating diffusion of leading low carbon technologies through contributions from Japan and evaluating realized GHG emission reductions or removals in a quantitative manner to use them for achieving Japan’s emission reduction target. ➢ Japan will address the high initial cost barrier of introducing advanced low-carbon technologies in developing countries through the JCM (GoJ implements several supporting schemes)

The Joint Crediting Mechanism

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Waste heat recovery in Cement Industry, JFE engineering, Indonesia Eco-driving with Digital Tachographs, NITTSU, Vietnam High-efficiency Heat only Boilers, Suuri-Keikaku, Mongolia Amorphous transformers in power distribution, Hitachi Materials, Vietnam Upgrading air-saving loom at textile factory, TORAY etc., Indonesia, Thai, Bangladesh Regenerative Burners in industries, Toyotsu Machinery, Indonesia High efficiency air- conditioning and process cooling, Ebara refrigeration equipment & systems, Indonesia Energy saving at convenience stores, Panasonic, Indonesia Waste to Energy Plant, JFE engineering, Myanmar High efficiency air- conditioning system, Daikin, Vietnam Co-generation system at factory, Toyota, Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering, Indonesia, Thai High efficient refrigerator, Mayekawa MFG, Indonesia High efficiency air- conditioning system, Hitachi, Vietnam Installing solar PV system, PCKK, Palau Maldives LED street lighting system with wireless network control, MinebeaMitsumi、 Cambodia

Energy Efficiency 58% REDD+ 2% Renewable Energy 35% Renewable Energy/Energy Efficiency 2% Transport 1% Waste 2%

JCM Financing Programme by MOEJ (FY2013-2017)

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Total of 110 projects in 17 partner countries

Transport

Digital Tachographs

Energy efficiency

Looms Equipment Boiler Burner Electrolysis tank LED Production line Optimization Pump Water heater Air-conditioning Refrigerating Transmission/Transformer LED Streetlights Smart Grid （26） （1）

Renewable Energy

Solar Micro hydro Biomass Wind

Renewable Energy/Energy Efficiency

Co-generation System PV and Refrigerating

PV and Production line

Waste

Waste to Energy

REDD+

Controlling Slush and burn As of June 26, 2017

COP22

Marrakesh, Morocco （November 7～18） ※The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Paris Agreement（CMA1) was held as well COP21 Adoption

2015 2015 2016 2016 2020 2020

Conclusion and entry into force

• f the Paris

Agreement

Conclusion procedures

Entry into force on November 4（※）

2018 2018

Negotiations to develop the implementation guidelines of the Paris Agreement Ad Hoc Working Group (semiannual) and COP UNFCCC Secretariat etc

2017 2017

Preparation of Special Report on 1.5℃target (IPCC) Facilitative dialogue to evaluate progress

Target of each Party

Update and/or communicate of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)

Until 2020 Submission of long-term low emission development strategy Until 2020

To adopt the implementation guidelines etc

Signing ceremony (April 22 in New York)

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（Reference）Schedule regarding the Paris Agreement

※ Japan took the procedure for the conclusion on November 8

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 Use of market mechanisms, including the JCM, is articulated under Article 6 which prescribes for the use of emission reductions realized

• versees towards national emission reduction targets.

 The amount of emission reductions and removals acquired by Japan under the JCM will be appropriately counted as Japan’s reduction in accordance with the Paris Agreement.  Japan is going to contribute to the development of the guidance for robust accounting including for avoidance of double counting to be adopted by the CMA*.

*the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement

JCM and Article 6 of the Paris Agreement

 Low carbon development requires “Innovation”, i.e., innovation of social structure and technology, transformation of life-style and economic society system.  Policy approach for the long-term low carbon development

➢ Carbon pricing ➢ Promotion of environmental finance ➢ Support of regionally-initiated energy projects ➢ Research and Development ➢ Infrastructure development

Formulation of long-term low-carbon vision

 All Parties should strive to formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (Art 4. 19, Paris Agreement)  The G7 Ise-Shima Sumit’s leaders committed to formulate and communicate ambitions mid-century long-term low GHG emission development strategies well ahead of the 2020 deadline.  In March 2017, MOEJ formulated the long-term low-carbon vision to develop Japan’s “long-term strategy” submitted to the UNFCCC.

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(New) National Strategy on International Cooperation for mitigation actions in developing countries

 All parties should promote domestic mitigation actions and enhance transparency, while developing countries require support…  Japan will formulate the long-term low GHG emission development

• strategy. The strategy requires context of international cooperation.

 Structures of economy, energy and society are changing globally and drastically……  Disparity of economy between countries will decrease, while the world is going to be more diversified……..

Background

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(New) National Strategy on International Cooperation for mitigation actions in developing countries

 Realigning international cooperation measures for climate actions based on the long-term vision  Shifting from one-way support to partnership approach thorough two- way communication  Pursuing opportunity of co-innovation to realize emission reduction both in Japan and partnering countries  Pursuing co-benefits throughout cooperation for emission reduction, and contributing to SDGs  Developing a new business model to provide partnering countries with package of support measures including the portfolio of multiple public and private finances, formulation of policy framework, capacity building and outreach  Supporting developing countries to improve transparency In October 2017, MOEJ established Working Group to develop strategy, to discuss the following elements