Understanding the Clean Truck Litigation Part VI: Teamster a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Understanding the Clean Truck Litigation Part VI:

Teamster a Teamster and worker nd worker misclassificati misclassification

• n up

upda date. te.

Pres Presented ented by by Cameron Cameron W.

• W. Roberts

Roberts Sea Sean n Brew Brew Rob Roberts erts & Keha & Kehagiaras giaras LLP LLP

“This is going to go

• n for years.”

Ju Judg dge e Har Harry ry Pre Prege gers rson

• n,

Ninth Ninth Cir Cir.

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IN IN THE THE BEGINN BEGINNING NG . . . . .

 In N In Nove

• vembe

mber r 20 2006 06, , the the Ports voted Ports voted t to

• ap

appro prove ve the the Sa San n Pe Pedro dro Bay Bay Po Ports rts Cl Clea ean Ai n Air r Acti Action

• n P

Plan lan (“CAAP”).  The CAAP’s general goal is to reduce pollution in the the Ports an Ports and su d surroun rrounding ding are areas, there as, thereby by red reduc ucing ing the the atten attenda dant h nt hea ealth ri lth risk sks. s.  One co One compo mpone nent nt of the CA

• f the CAAP

AP is the is the C Clean lean T Truc ruck k Program (“CTP”).

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THE THE CONCE CONCESSIO SSION N AGREE AGREEMENT MENT

 MAYOR VILLARAIGOSA LAUNCHES LANDMARK CLEAN TRUCK PROGRAM TO CLEAN LOS ANGELES' AIR  Bans over 10% of port trucks

• r 2000 “dirty-diesel” trucks,

removing over 350 tons of harmful port-related emissions from Los Angeles' air.

 When fully implemented in

2012, the ,Clean Truck Program takes over 16,000 dirty-diesel trucks off the road, slashing harmful truck emissions by 80 percent.

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THE THE CONCE CONCESSIO SSION N AGREE AGREEMENT MENT

Th The e Po Ports rts of Lo

• f Long

ng Beac Beach an h and d Lo Los Ange s Angeles les ha have ve ea each ch ad adop

• pted

ted a a CTP an CTP and d a Conc a Concess ession ion Agre Agreem emen ent (t t (the he “Agreements”). Th The e Agree Agreemen ments ts req required uired motor carriers motor carriers to c to com

• mply with

ply with a a nu numbe mber r of prov

• f provisi

ision

• ns.

s. Fa Fail ilure ure t to

• co

comply mply wou would r ld resu esult lt in ba in barri rring ng the the motor motor ca carri rrier er from from en

• entry. T
• try. The

he ATA ATA fil filed ed a a lega legal l ch challeng allenge e to the to the Agree Agreemen ments. ts.

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KEY KEY ISSUES ISSUES

Certain Certain pro provisions visions a are N re Not

• t su

subjec bject t to prices, to prices, rou routes an tes and se d services rvices i in n the the FAA FAAA A Act: Act: Mainten Maintenan ance ce pro provision; vision; Plac Placard ard pro provision; vision; Fina Financ ncial ial ca capa pabili bility; ty; Subject to the “Safety” Exception: Main Mainten tenan ance ce pro provision vision; Plac Placard ard pro provision; vision; NO NOT su T subjec bject t to to FAAA FAAA Act b Act bec ecau ause se the the Port of Port of Lo Los Ang s Angele eles is s is ac acting ting as a as a mark market p et particip articipan ant: t: Emp Employe loyee e man manda date te Pa Parking rking

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PRICE, ROUTE PRICE, ROUTE, OR , OR SERVICE SERVICE

Fe Fede dera ral l Aviat Aviation ion Administ Administra ration tion Aut Autho horization rization Act Act Pre Preemp emption tion is is th the ge e gene nera ral l ru rule. le. 49 49 U.S.C. U.S.C. § 14501(c)(1): A State “may not en enac act t or

• r en

enforc force a e a law, law, re regu gulation lation, , or

• r ot
• the

her r pr prov

• vision

ision ha having ving th the forc e force e an and effect d effect of l

• f law

aw re relate lated d to to a pr a price, ice, ro rout ute, e, or

• r se

serv rvice ice or

• r an

any y mo moto tor r ca carr rrier ier . . . . . . with with re resp spec ect t to to th the e transportation of property.”

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MARKE MARKET T PART PARTICIPATI ICIPATION ON

If state action is proprietary, rather than regulatory, such action is not generally subject to statutory preemption. The mark The market et part participant icipant test test does does not t not turn urn on whether

• n whether

the stat the state e or local

• r local government

government is is a purcha a purchaser ser or seller

• r seller of
• f

the good the goods s and services and services at at issue. issue. The Port’s participation in the port services market is sufficient sufficient. Concession Agreement was a “business necessity,” in

• rder
• rder to eliminate

to eliminate evident evident obstacles

• bstacles to PO

to POLA LA growth. growth.

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LITIGATION: LITIGATION: KEY KEY PLAYE PLAYERS RS

Por Port t of Lon

• f Long

g Bea Beach ch Por Port t of Los

• f Los Ang

Angeles eles ATA ATA U.S. U.S. Gov Gover ernme nment nt Inte Intere rest sted ed Third Third Par Parties ties/Amici Amici Cur Curiae iae

• a. En
• a. Enviro

vironm nmen enta tal l Int Inter eres ests ts

• b. Shippe
• b. Shippers

rs

• c. Lab
• c. Labor
• r

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SAMP SAMPLING LING OF AMICI OF AMICI CURIAE CURIAE

Nat Nationa ional l Ret Retail ail Federati Federation

• n

Nat Nationa ional l Right Right to to Wor Work k Nat Nationa ional l Indu Indust strial rial Tra Trans nsp.

• p. Le

Leag ague ue U.S. U.S. Gov Gover ernme nment nt Sierr Sierra a Club Club NRDC NRDC

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On Sep On Septemb tember er 26 26, , 20 2011 11. . Ni Ninth nth Circuit Circuit Court Court of

• f

Appe Appeals als elimi elimina nated ted t the he employe employee man e manda date te. . Pre Prese serve rved d all o all othe ther po r portions rtions of the

• f the Conc

Conces ession sion Agree Agreemen ment. t. POLA did not fi POLA did not file a le a Pe Peti titi tion

• n f

for a Wri

• r a Writ

t of

• f Certi

Certiora

• rari

ri, , thu thus allowing s allowing the the ruling a ruling adv dvers erse to e to i it t on

• n the

the emp employe loyee e man manda date te to to stan stand. d.

NINTH NINTH CIRCUIT CIRCUIT

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Whether an unexpressed “market participant” ex exce ception ption ex exists ists in S in Sec ecti tion

• n 14

1450 501(c 1(c)(1) )(1) an and d pe permi rmits a ts a municipa municipal l go gove vernme rnmenta ntal l en enti tity to ty to ta take ke ac acti tion

• n t

tha hat t co confli nflicts wi cts with th the the exp express ress pree preemption mption clau clause se, , oc

• ccu

curs rs in a in a marke market t in w in which hich t the he mu municipa nicipal l en enti tity d ty doe

• es

s no not p t participate, and articipate, and i is un s unco conn nnec ected ted wi with th an any i y inte nterest rest in th in the efficient proc e efficient procure uremen ment t of

• f

se services rvices. Whe Whethe ther r pe permi rmitti tting ng a a municipa municipal l go gove vernme rnmenta ntal l en enti tity to ty to b bar fede ar federall rally l y licen icense sed d moto motor c r carriers arriers from from ac acce cess ss to to a p a port op

• rt opera

erates tes as a as a pa partial s rtial sus uspe pens nsion ion

• f the motor carriers’ federal registration, in

violation violation of

• f Castle

Castle v. Haye

• v. Hayes Freigh

s Freight t Line Lines, s, Inc Inc., , 34 348 8 U. U.S. 6

• S. 61

1 (19 (1954 54). ).

SUP SUPREME REME COURT COURT

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Th The e Su Supre preme me Court Court issue issued it d its s op

• pinion

inion on

• n Jun

June e 13 13, , 20 2013 13. . 9-0 Opin 0 Opinion ion POLA w POLA was as ac acti ting ng as regu as regulator, c lator, coe

• ercive

rcive po power. wer. Ex Exclus clusion ion of ca

• f carri

rriers ers for breac for breach h of the Conc

• f the Concess

ession ion (no (not t ri ripe pe), bu ), but t placa lacarding rding an and d pa parking rking r restrictions estrictions are are pree preempte mpted.

• d. Castle

Castle v. Haye

• v. Hayes Freigh

s Freight t Line Lines, s, Inc Inc., , 34 348 8 U.S. 6 U.S. 61 (1 1 (195 954). 4).

SUP SUPREME REME COURT COURT

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Teamsters say: Brown “a lifelong public servant . . . “successfully fought to protect wor workin king g families families an and c d con

• nsu

sume mers rs, , inc includ luding ing po port rt dr driver ivers s fi figh ghting ting ag agains ainst t tr truc ucking king co compa mpany ny ab abus uses es.”

• Te

Teams amster ter pre press ss relea release se. .

THE THE GOVE GOVERNOR RNOR

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Califor California nia partner partners s with the with the U.S. U.S. Depart Department ment of Labor to work together

• f Labor to work together

to attack misclassification to attack misclassification with the with the Labor Depart Labor Department, ment, we we are poised are poised to to use use all all the t the tools

• ols in

in our arsenal to

• ur arsenal to lift

lift the floor the floor for hardworking employers for hardworking employers and employees and employees thr throughout the stat

• ughout the state.

e. htt http://www.dol.gov p://www.dol.gov/whd/wo /whd/workers/miscl rkers/miscl assification/pressreleas assification/pressrelease.htm e.htm

TASK TASK FORCE FORCE FEB.

• FEB. 2012

2012

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TEAM TEAMSTE STER R ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES

Th The e Te Teams amsters often ters often co consu nsult lt w wit ith h attorn attorneys eys rep represe resenting nting dri drive vers in the rs in these se mi misc sclassifi lassifica cati tion

• n

lawsuits. lawsuits. Te Teams amster sup ter suppo port rt of

• f misclassification

misclassification s statute tatutes s in in WA, WA, NY NY a and nd N NJ (C J (Christi hristie e ve veto). to). 15 15 dra draya yage ge drive drivers rs from Gree from Green n Fle Fleet S et Sys ystem tems wen s went t

• n
• n a 24

a 24-ho hour ur stri strike ke. Nick Nick We Weine iner, T r, Tea eamste msters rs po port rt ca camp mpaig aign n dire directo ctor r rep reported

• rted r

rec ecen ent t de demon monstrations in Oaklan strations in Oakland, Sou d, Southe thern rn Cali California, fornia, New J New Jerse ersey an y and d Sa Sava vann nnah ah.

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https https:/ ://w /www ww.f .fac aceb eboo

• ok.co

k.com/Jus m/Justi tice ceFo ForPortDri rPortDrive versL rsL A http http:/ ://www /www.you .youtub tube.c e.com

• m/watch

/watch?v ?v=c =cuGv uGvEw1 Ew1XdfM&f XdfM&f ea eature=p ture=playe layer_emb r_embed edde ded http:// http://www.joc.co www.joc.com/t m/truc ucking king- log logistics/dra istics/draya yage ge/l /lea ease se-own

• wn-op
• ption

tion-se seen en-viab viable le- so south uthern ern-ca cali lifornia fornia-dra draya yage ge_20 _2013 1310 1030 30.html .html http:// http://www.joc.co www.joc.com/t m/truc ucking king- logistics/draya logistics/drayage ge/t /tea eamsters msters-un union ion-tak takes es-new new-tac tack- dra draya yage ge-ca carri rriers_2 ers_201 0130 3091 917.html 7.html

TEAM TEAMSTE STER R ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES

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$1 $19.75 9.75 pe per r ho hour.

• ur. A $

A $6 incre 6 increase ase. . $.05 $.050 0 an annu nual al raise. raise. 40 401(k 1(k) ) plan plan. $3 $30 0 for h for hea ealt lth h insu insuran rance ce. . D Down

• wn $

$12 120 0 pe per r mon month. th. http:// http://www.teams www.teamster.o ter.org/co rg/conte ntent/op nt/open en-letter letter- tea teamsters msters-ge gene neral ral-pre preside sident nt-jim jim-ho hoffa ffa http:// http://grimtru grimtrutha thattoll ttollgro group up.com/fi .com/files/ les/20 2013 13/01/To /01/Toll ll Contrac Contract_H t_Highlights.pd ighlights.pdf http:// http://grimtru grimtrutha thattoll ttollgro group up.com/20 .com/2013 13/01/29 /01/29/vi /victo ctor y-at at-po ports rts-se seen en-as as-the the-wi winn nning ing-rec recipe ipe-for for- work workers ers-ev every erywhe where/ re/ http:// http://grimtru grimtrutha thattoll ttollgro group up.com/fi .com/files/ les/20 2012 12/10/On /10/One- To Toll ll-AGM AGM-Le Leaflet.pdf aflet.pdf

TOLL TOLL LOGIST LOGISTICS ICS

Emp Employe loyee e vs. vs. Indepen Independent dent Contrac Contractor tor

Avoiding Avoiding Misclassification Misclassification

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Benefits of Benefits of IC IC Class Classification ification

Save Save $$$ $$$ Simplifies Simplifies payroll payroll Eliminates Eliminates dedu deductions: ctions: WC, WC, SDI, SDI, Taxes, Taxes, etc. etc.

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Risks Risks of

• f Misclas

Misclassification sification

Liability Liability for for Unpaid Unpaid taxes (IRS taxes (IRS, , FTB, FTB, SSA) SSA) No No workers’ compensation (carrier will will not pay not pay any any claims) claims)  DLSE DLSE Penalty Penalty is is twice twice the cost of the cost of SCIF SCIF rate rate Fund for Uninsured Fund for Uninsured Employers: Employers: restit restitution ution

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Risks, cont’d

Back Back pay, pay, overtime,

• vertime, meal

meal and rest and rest breaks, breaks, split split shift, shift, tr travel avel time, etc. time, etc. (DLSE and/or (DLSE and/or U.S. U.S. DOL DOL and/or civil and/or civil suit) suit)  Increased Increased risk of audits risk of audits by by different different agen agencies cies

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Definitions Definitions

 IRS IRS DEFINITI DEFINITION ON:  Ind Indep epen ende dent nt Con Contra tract ctor

• r Defined

Defined  . . . . . . T The he gen gener eral rule i al rule is s th that at an individua an individual is l is an an i ind ndep epen ende dent nt co cont ntra ract ctor

• r if

if th the pa e payer yer ha has the s the right to control or

• r dire

direct ct only

• nly

th the res result lt of the f the work work and not wha t what t wil will l be do done and how w it it wi will ll be be don done. . The The ea earn rnings ings of

• f a pe

a perso rson n who is who is work working as ing as an an inde indepe pend nden ent t co cont ntra ract ctor

• r ar

are sub e subject ject to to Self Self-Employmen Employment t Tax Tax  . . . . . . You You are are not not an an i ind ndep epen ende dent nt co cont ntra ract ctor

• r if

if you you pe perfor rform m ser services th vices that at can can be be con contro troll lled ed by an emp by an employer loyer ( (what what wi will ll be be do done ne an and d ho how it w it wi will ll be be don done). ). This This ap applies even plies even if if you you are are given given freed freedom of

• m of ac

action tion. . Wha What matte t matters rs is th is that at the the employe employer r ha has the s the l leg egal al righ right to t to co cont ntro rol l th the de e deta tail ils s of ho

• f how th

w the ser e services vices ar are pe e perfor rformed med.  ht http tp://www ://www.irs. .irs.go gov/Bu v/Businesse sinesses/Small s/Small-Busine usinesses sses-&-Sel Self- Employed Employed/In /Inde depe pend nden ent-Con Contra tract ctor

• r-Define

Defined

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Definitions, cont’d

CA CA Labor Code Labor Code§ 3353 3353  "Independent "Independent contract contractor"

• r" means

means any any person person who rend who renders ers service service for a for a specified specified recompense recompense for a specified for a specified result, result, under the control o under the control of his f his principal principal as as to to the result the result of his

• f his work

work

• nly
• nly and not

and not as as to t to the he means means by by which which such such result is result is accomplished. accomplished.

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Factors: Factors:

TOTALITY TOTALITY OF CIRCUMSTA OF CIRCUMSTANC NCES ES Primar Primary y fact: fact: control of work control of work Control/owne Control/ownership rship of tools,

• f tools, vehic

vehicles les Contr Control

• l of specific
• f specific methods,

methods, routes routes Contr Control

• l of hours
• f hours

Method o Method of paym f payment ent (hourly (hourly vs vs piece piece rat rate) e)

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Factors, Factors, cont’d

Dis Distinct tinct occupat

• ccupation

ion or bus

• r business

iness; ; Kind Kind of

• f occupat
• ccupation;

ion; Usually Usually done under done under the direc the direction of the princ tion of the principal ipal or

• r

by by a s a spec pecialis ialist t wit withou hout t su super pervis vision; ion; Skill Skill requir required in the par ed in the particular oc ticular occupation; cupation; Who Who supplies supplies the ins the instrume trumentalities ntalities, , tools tools, , and the and the place of place of work work for the per for the person doing t son doing the wor he work; k; Len Length gth of

• f time

time for w for which hich the the se serv rvices ices are are to b to be e performed; performed; Meth Method

• d of
• f payment

payment, whethe , whether r by by the time or the time or by by the the job; job; Re Regula gular bu r busin sines ess s of

• f the

the prin principa cipal, l, and and What th What the part e parties believ ies believe. e.

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Factors, Factors, cont’d

Dis Distinct tinct occupat

• ccupation

ion or bus

• r business

iness; ; Kind Kind of

• f occupat
• ccupation;

ion; Usually Usually done under done under the direc the direction of the princ tion of the principal ipal or

• r

by by a s a spec pecialis ialist t wit withou hout t su super pervis vision; ion; Skill Skill requir required in the par ed in the particular oc ticular occupation; cupation; Who Who supplies supplies the ins the instrume trumentalities ntalities, , tools tools, , and the and the place of place of work work for the per for the person doing t son doing the wor he work; k; Len Length gth of

• f time

time for w for which hich the the se serv rvices ices are are to b to be e performed; performed; Meth Method

• d of
• f payment

payment, whethe , whether r by by the time or the time or by by the the job; job; Re Regula gular bu r busin sines ess s of

• f the

the prin principa cipal, l, and and What th What the part e parties believ ies believe. e.

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Contracts Contracts

Contr Contract labe act label l (IC) is (IC) is not co not contr ntrolling

• lling

Have Have contract contract reviewed reviewed Avoid Avoid terms terms that indicate that indicate emplo employee, yee, at will, at will, etc.

• etc. Using

Using independent independent contract contractor agreement,

• r agreement, but including

but including terms terms that are a that are applica pplicable ble to to employees, especially “at-will” (either party can terminate party can terminate the contr the contract with act with

• r
• r without

without notice, notice, with with or without

• r without

cause). cause).

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Common Mistakes Common Mistakes

Using Using emp employe loyees es an and d inde indepe pend nden ent t contractors contractors to to perf perform

• rm the

the same same type type of

• f

wor work, k, an and tr d trea eating ting th them em th the sa e same me (work (work i in n yo your ur office

• ffice,

, us use e yo your ur eq equip uipme ment nt, , at atte tend nd mee meeting tings, s, pa part rties, ies, re rece ceive ive yo your ur emp employe loyee e handbook) handbook). Pay Paying ing wor worke kers rs as as yo you u wou would ld emp employe loyees es (by (by th the ho e hour ur or

• r sa

salary lary) Lay Lay-off employees and “rehire” as inde indepe pend nden ent t co cont ntra ract ctor

• rs.

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DO DO NO NOT T

Use Use a Dr a Driver iver Han Handb dboo

• ok

k th that at look looks s li like ke an an emp employe loyee e man manua ual l or

• r Requ

Requires ires th the e dr driver iver – IC to: IC to:

Use co Use compa mpany ny forms; forms; Cons Constan tantl tly y co commun mmunicate icate wi with th MC MC disp dispatc atch; h; Rep Report

• rt at a

at a ti time me ce certain rtain Sh Show

• w up

up at at a sp a spec ecif ified ti ied time me or face

• r face

disc discipli iplina nary a ry action ction; Gi Give ve a adva dvanc nce e no noti tice ce of

• f va

vaca cati tion

• n ti

time; me; Accept load “batched” as “all or nothing.”

WHAT WHAT NOT NOT TO TO DO DO -

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MORE MORE OF OF WHAT WHAT NOT NOT TO TO DO DO -

DO DO NO NOT

Req Require uire th the e dr driver iver – IC to: IC to:

Wea Wear r co compa mpany ny logo logo;

Shirts; Shirts; Boo Boots; ts; Hat Hats; s;

Pa Paint int the the t truc ruck a pa k a parti rticu cular c lar color;

• lor;

Di Disp splay lay a co a compa mpany ny ID ca ID card. rd.

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WHICH WHICH FACTO FACTORS RS TO TO USE USE?

“the individual factors cannot be applied mec mecha hanica nicall lly y as as se sepa para rate te te test sts; s; th they ey ar are e inte intert rtwined wined an and th d their eir weigh weight t de depe pend nds s on

• n

particular combinations.” “We must assess and weigh all of the inc incide ident nts s of th

• f the

e re relat lation ionsh ship ip with with th the e understandi understanding ng that that no no one

• ne factor

actor is s de decisive cisive, , an and d th that at i it t is is th the ra e rare re ca case se whe where re th the e va variou rious s fact factor

• rs

s wil will l po point int with un with unan animi imity ty in one direction or the other.” of the

• f the MC

MC depends depends on

• n the

the dr driver iver - IC. IC.

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FOR AD FOR ADDITIONAL DITIONAL INFORMATION INFORMATION Conta Contact ct Cam Cameron eron W. Ro

• W. Robert

berts Sean Brew Sean Brew www.tr www.tradeandcar adeandcargo.com go.com (310) 642 (310) 642-9800 9800

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DISCLAIMER DISCLAIMER

Robe Roberts rts & Keh Kehagiar agiaras as LLP LLP in in Los Los Angeles Angeles ser serves ves the the trade, trade, tra transportat sportatio ion, n, and and insu insurance rance communit communities ies. Tele Telephone phone: (310 310) 642 642-9800 9800 or

• r on
• n

the the Inte Internet rnet at at www www.tra tradeandcar deandcargo.com

• com. Thi

his art article icle provid rovides es info nforma rmation tion about about the the la law designed designed to to help help reader readers address address the their ir own

• wn legal

legal needs

• needs. Bu

But legal legal informa information tion is is not not the the same same as as legal legal adv advice ice --

• - th

the applica application tion of

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