Understanding Our Water Resources Groundwater and Surface Water - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Understanding Our Water Resources Groundwater and Surface Water - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 25, 2022 140 likes •411 views

6/ 25/ 2013 6/ 25/ 2013 Understanding Our Water Resources Groundwater and Surface Water Surface Water wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale o w o w T T Lacher Hydrological Consulting Lacher Hydrological Consulting 1 GROUNDWATER: 6/ 25/ 2013

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Understanding Our Water Resources

Groundwater and Surface Water

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Surface Water

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GROUNDWATER: Water Below Ground Surface Water Below Ground Surface

Florida Most Other Places Florida

AQUIFER: A Water‐Bearing Stratum of Permeable Rock, Sand, or Gravel

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SURFACE WATER: Water Above Ground Surface Ground Surface

LAKES RIVERS SPRINGS ‐ Trick Question!

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SURFACE WATER AND

Effects of Pumping on Baseflow

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SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER – ONE SYSTEM

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Groundwater and Surface Water: How Are They Related?

Recharge Area

Discharge Area

Baseflow Groundwater zone (Aquifer)

wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale Source: Winter, T.C., J.W. Harvey, Franke, O.L., and W.M. Alley, 1998, Ground Water and Surface Water – A Single Resource, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139, Denver, CO. T

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Natural Changes to Groundwater System g y

Recharge

Stream

Recharge

S Groundwater mounds

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Discharge

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Two Different Types of Streams

Gaining Stream Verde River Through Verde Valley Losing Stream

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Verde River from Headwaters to Mormon Pocket

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BASEFLOW: Groundwater Component p

  • f Streamflow

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Homochitto River, MS

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How Do Pumping Wells Affect the Natural Hydrologic System?

Discharge area

Gaining Stream

Source: Winter, T.C., J.W. Harvey, Franke, O.L., and W.M. Alley, 1998, Ground Water and Surface Water – A Single Resource, U.S. wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale Geological Survey Circular 1139, Denver, CO. T

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Some Time After Pumping Begins

Pumping

p g g

NEW DISCHARGE AREA

Pumping Well

Less Gaining Stream

Source: Winter, T.C., J.W. Harvey, Franke, O.L., and W.M. Alley, 1998, Ground Water and Surface Water – A Single Resource, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139, Denver, CO. wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale

Modified Groundwater Flow Direction

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Reduced Groundwater to Stream

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After Prolonged Pumping

Pumping

After Prolonged Pumping

Pumping Well

Losing Stream

Source: Winter, T.C., J.W. Harvey, Franke, O.L., and W.M. Alley, 1998, Ground Water and Surface Water – A Single Resource, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139, Denver, CO. wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale

CAPTURE: Pumping‐Induced Source Water for Wells

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Short‐term Medium‐term

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Long‐term

Source: SIR 2010‐5147

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< 20% tamarisk

Gaining

Stressed 50% tamarisk

Losing

100% tamarisk

Disconnected

100% tamarisk

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Disconnected

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Source: Stromberg, J.C., Lite, S.J., Dixon, M., Rychener, M. and E. Makings, 2006, Chapter C in USGS SIR 2005‐5163.

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Effects of Pumping May Continue for a Long, Long Time... Even After Pumping Stops

Si l t d Ch i St C t f 2005

Simulated Baseflow Capture Due to Pumping in

Even After Pumping Stops

1200 1400 1600 8.00 10.00

Simulated Change in Stream Capture from 2005 Pumping at Fort Huachuca

Simulated Baseflow Capture Due to Pumping in a Distant Well in a Single Year (2005)

600 800 1000 1200 2.00 4.00 6.00 Pumping (AFY) ream Capture (AFY) 200 400 ‐2.00 0.00 Str

2032

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Year Pumping Stream Capture

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GROUNDWATER MODELS

Hydrologic Tools for Understanding Water Systems

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GROUNDWATER MODELS

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MODEL: A Description or Analogy Used to Help Visualize Something that Cannot be Directly Observed Something that Cannot be Directly Observed.

‐‐ Merriam‐Webster Dictionary definition no. 11

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GROUNDWATER MODEL: A Computer Program that Uses Flow Equations to Make Sense of Uses Flow Equations to Make Sense of a Complex Natural System.

Numerical Model

Evaporation

OUTPUT

S

Pumping, Stream Diversions, Groundwater Conditions, Baseflow, E i

INPUT OUTPUT

Aquifers Streams

Evaporative Demand Evaporative Consumption

Flow Equations

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Flow Equations

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Why Use a Groundwater Model? Why Use a Groundwater Model?

  • To test the outcome of actions that can’t

To test the outcome of actions that can t easily be done in real life.

– future pumping – future pumping – moving wells creating new recharge projects – creating new recharge projects

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What We Know About Our System

Geology Streamflow Evaporative Demand Groundwater Levels Pumping Evaporative Demand

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Source: SIR 2013‐5029

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From Conceptual to Numerical Model

Conceptual Numerical

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Source: SIR 2012‐5192

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Source: SIR 2013‐5029

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Source: SIR 2010‐5180

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What Can We Learn About Baseflow From a Groundwater Model? From a Groundwater Model?

Relative change attributable to human stresses; Verde River nr. Clarkdale, USGS streamflow‐gaging station 095400

Historic Baseflow Capture (1910‐2005)

Relative change attributable to human stresses; Verde River nr. Clarkdale, USGS streamflow‐gaging station 095400 wn o f Clarkdale wn o f Clarkdale

Projected Baseflow Capture (2005‐2110)

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What Can We Learn About Groundwater from a Model? from a Model?

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Projected Change in Groundwater ‐Level Altitude, 2005‐2110

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Summary and Conclusions Summary and Conclusions

  • Groundwater Use Affects Surface Water

Groundwater Use Affects Surface Water.

  • A Groundwater Model Can Help Guide Water

Management Decisions Management Decisions.

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Next Time.... Next Time....

  • Learn about the Clarkdale Model!

Learn about the Clarkdale Model!

– purpose methods – methods – anticipated outcomes

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Thank you! Thank you!

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