UN NC CT TA AD D E EE EC C R Re eg gi io on na al l W - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

U UN NC CT TA AD D E EE EC C R Re eg gi io

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Diana Korka ICT Analysis Section l Division on Technology and Logistics UNCTAD's work and initiatives on measuring e-commerce and cross- border e-commerce Moscow, Russian Federation, 9-1 0 February 201 7

C Co

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nt te en nt ts s

 UNC TAD'sprogrammeon information economy statistics and theP artnership on MeasuringIC Tfor Development  UNC TADB2Ce-commerce index: a global and regional perspective on e-commerce readiness  New initiatives: in search of cross-border e-commerce statistics

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UNCTAD's Programme on Measuring the Information Economy

 Technical assistance to boost the capacity of national statistical systemsto produce internationally comparable IC T indicators

• Advisory missions
• R

egional trainingcourses- build regional networksof IC Tstatisticians

• Trainingof trainers
• Trainingmaterial

 Datacollection and publication: annual UNC TAD survey sent to all national statistical offices: unctadstat.unctad.org  The S wedish International Development C

• operation Agency

(S ida) supportsUNC TAD and theP artnership financially in the areaof measuringIC T

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UNCTAD's Programme on Measuring the Information Economy

 S tarted in 2004, in collaboration with the Partnership on Measuring IC Tfor Development  What: to improve the availability and quality of IC Tdata and indicators to inform policy makers  How: build consensuson common methodologiesfor core indicators

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Focus on Information Economy

 C

• re indicators
• 12 indicatorson IC

Taccess and useby enterprises(B1 to B12)

• 2 indicatorson theIC

Tproducingsector (IC T1 andIC T2)

• 2 indicatorson international tradein IC

Tgoods(IC T3andIC T4)

• Ongoingwork on trade in IC

Tservicesand in IC T-enabled services

• E

ndorsed by the UNS tatistical C

• mmission

 Manual: definitions, standards, model questions

• UNC

TADManual for theproduction of S tatisticson the Information E conomy - in Arabic, E nglish, F rench, R ussian, S panish

• UNC

TAD trainingmaterial

 R esearch, analysis, findingcommon ground on new proposals: UNC TAD technical noteson IC T4D:

unctad.org/ict4d/technicalnotes

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E-commerce statistics

 2 core indicatorson e-commerce (aspart of enterprise surveys):

• proportion of businessesbuying online (B7)
• proportion of businessesselling online (B8)
• proportion of businesseswith web presence (B6), deliveringproductsonline (B12)
• Under development: international trade in digital services

C

• nsensusbuilding/discussion forum/sharingof experiences:

 International Workshop on Measuring E

• C
• mmerce, 27 October 2015,

Bangkok, Thailand, organised by UNC TADand E TDA of Thailand  Measuring E

• commerce Day, 22April 2016:

http://unctad.org/en/pages/MeetingDetails.aspx?meetingid=1109

 WTOUPUUNC TADOE C DInitiative to Improve the Measurement of Cross-border E

• commerce

 C

• ntributing to discussion at G

20 Trade and Investment WG

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E-commerce@UNCTAD: statistics &beyond

 J

• in us@UNC

TADE

• commerce Week 24-28 April 2017

unctad.org/ e-week2017

 UNC TAD@World S ummit on the Information S

• ciety F
• rum (WS

IS )

• UNC

TADis facilitator for the E

• businessAction Line; J
• in uson 12-16 J

une 2017 at WS ISF

• rum 2017 to debate how e-businesscan become more inclusive

 UNC TADcontribution at theWTOPublicF

• rum 2016 InclusiveTrade

 In-depth analysis:

• UNC

TADInformation E conomy R eport 2015Unlocking thePotential of E

• commerce for DevelopingC
• untries
• UNC

TADcontribution to theG20 discussion on the Development Dimension

• nDigital Trade, 6-7F

ebruary 2017 Berlin

• UNC

TADTechnical NoteIn S earch of C ross-Border E

• commerce Data
• UNC

TADB2CE

• commerce Index 2016:

http:/ / unctad.org/ en/ PublicationsLibrary/ tn_unctad_ict4d07_en.pdf

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E-commerce@UNCTAD 2.0: E-trade for All

 Amulti-stakeholder global partnership to make e-commerce technical assistance information more easily available, create synergies, scale up, increase efficiency  Launched at UNC TAD14, Nairobi, Kenya, 17-22 J uly 2016  Aims to harness e-commerce asa vehicle for the implementation of Agenda2030 for S ustainable Development  R aise awarenessof the unique

• pportunitiesand constraints

to e-commerce  7 thematic policy areas  Online platform to be launched at UNC TADE

• C
• mmerce Week 2017

 Includescomponent on datasharing

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Assessing e-commerce readiness - why

 "What can be measured can be improved"  "What getsmeasured, getsmanaged"  UNC TAD: value of global B2Be-commerce wasof $20 trillion and B2C e-commerce of more than $2 trillion in 2015, both risingfast  Next billion online consumersfrom emerging/developingcountries  Trade in goods and servicesissluggish, data flowsexpanding fast  Digital trade can

• beharnessed to boost developingcountries' exports
• support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship,

creativity, innovation

• Increaseaccessof S

ME sto financial servicesand global valuechains

 But not all economiesare equally ready

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U UN NC CT TA AD D B B2 2C C E E-

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co

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mm me er rc ce e I In nd de ex x 2 20 01 16 6

I In nd di ic ca at to

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rs s i in nc cl lu ud de ed d

Technology Percentage of individuals using the Internet S

• urces: ITU and E

urostat S ecure Internet servers(per 1 million people) S

• urce: World Bank

Payment solutions S hare of individualswith credit card (%age 15+) S

• urce: World Bank F

index survey Trade logistics Postal reliability score S

• urce: Universal Postal Union

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B B2 2C C e e-

• r

re ea ad di in ne es ss s i in nd de ex x 2 20 01 16 6

S

• urce: UNC

TAD2016, based on E urostat, ITU, the World Bank and UP U.

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U UN NC CT TA AD D B B2 2C C E E-

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mm me er rc ce e I In nd de ex x 2 20 01 16 6

T To

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p 1 10 0 e ec co

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mi ie es s, , b by y r re eg gi io

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S

• urce: UNC

TAD2016. 12

Globally Developing economies Africa Developing Asia and Oceania Latin America and the Caribbean Transition economies Luxembourg Korea, Republic of South Africa Korea, Republic of Uruguay Macedonia, TFYR Iceland Hong Kong (China)Mauritius Hong Kong (China)Chile Russian Federation Norway Singapore Tunisia Singapore Brazil Serbia Canada United Arab Emirates Morocco Malaysia Costa Rica Ukraine Japan Qatar Egypt China Argentina Moldova Finland Bahrain Botswana Thailand Mexico Albania Korea, Republic of Uruguay Kenya Viet Nam Jamaica Azerbaijan United Kingdom Kuwait Senegal Iran, Islamic Republic of Trinidad & Tobago Belarus Switzerland Chile Algeria Philippines Panama Montenegro New Zealand Malaysia Ghana India Ecuador Bosnia and Herzegovina

O Ot th he er r E E-

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re ea ad di in ne es ss s I In nd di ic ca at to

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rs s U UN NC CT TA AD D C Cy yb be er rl la aw w t tr ra ac ck ke er r

S

• urce: UNC

TAD2016.

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Russian Federation Belarus Armenia Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Republic Does the country have a legal framework for electronic transactions/e-signature? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Does the country have a legal framework for data protection/ privacy online? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Does the country have a legal framework for consumer protection when purchasing

• nline?

No No No No No Does the country have a legal framework for cybercrime prevention? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

O Ot th he er r E E-

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re ea ad di in ne es ss s I In nd di ic ca at to

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U UN NC CT TA AD D C Co

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f I IC CT T

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S

• urce: UNC

TADbased on datafrom Belstat, R OS S TAT and K azakhstan C

• mmittee
• f S
• tatistics. Latest data

available.

M Me ea as su ur ri in ng g E E-

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co

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mm me er rc ce e: : d da at ta a a an nd d m me et ta ad da at ta a

 Definition developed by OE C D, adopted by the Partnership "sale/purchase of goods and services, conducted over computer networks" - excluding manually typed emails.  Useful distinctions between

• B2B, B2C

, C 2C , G2B

• Domesticand international/crossborder (in Indiaand S

ingapore>50% arecross-border, in R epublic of Korea75%domestic)

• ViaE

DI or viawebsite (see E urostat)

• By enterprise sizeclass(attention to small andmedium enterprises)
• By main economic activity (IS

ICrev.4)

• By goodsand services

 Few official statisticsbeyond E urostat and OE C D

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O Ot th he er r U Us se ef fu ul l M Me et tr ri ic cs s

 Household and individual surveys:

• Typeof productsbought online
• Typeof devicesused by e-commerceconsumers
• Barriersto e-commerce for consumers
• Averagespend per purchase
• Most visited e-commerce site
• Theroleof social media
• Preferred payment and delivery options

 E stablishment/businesssurveys:

• Totalvolume of e-commercesalesand asa%of total turnover
• Businesseswith awebsite
• Questionson automated businessprocesses(C

R M, E R P)

• Barriersto e-commerce for businesses

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C Ch ha al ll le en ng ge es s w wi it th h C Co

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mp pi il li in ng g E E-

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co

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mm me er rc ce e D Da at ta a

 Limited inclusion of IC T/e-commerce questions in surveys: more often in household than in enterprise surveys  Low or occasional frequency  S amplerepresentativity & coverage  C

• mparability in termsof definitions& questions

 Difficult for households to specify total amount spent online  Availability of businessregisters(up-to-date, no dormant businesses) - they only cover domestic and not foreign businesses  Incidenceof the informal sector  B2C- numerous low-value irregular transactions, below administrative thresholds- may lead to biases in national accountsstatistics (underestimatingimports)  C 2Chard to measure: may need to rely on privatedatasources

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C Ca as se e o

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f S St ta at ti is st ti ic cs s C Ca an na ad da a

 In2012, C anadiansspent $18.9billion online(C anadian Internet Use S urvey, household survey) - useful to identify main typeof purchased items  In2012, C anadianenterprisesmade $13.4billion in online sales(S DTIU)  S urvey of Digital Technology and Internet Use (S DTIU)

• coversC

anadian private enterprisesin almost all industry sectors

• exclude very small firms, defined based on revenue, had under $250Kin revenue
• sample unit =enterprise (not establishment) =>exclude intra-firm transactions

(between two establishmentswithin the same enterprise)

• 17,000 enterprises, stratified sampling, first by industry level (2-nd or 3-rd level of

NAIC S ), then byenterprise size (revenue-based), with large units, sampled with certainty, and medium and small units, random sampling; sample sizesare adjusted for non-response with an expected response rate of 65%

• Imputation isused for partial non-response: eg. tax data used to impute "sales
• ver Internet" in combination with the "%
• f salesconducted over the Internet"

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C Ca as se e o

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f O Of ff fi ic ce e f fo

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r N Na at ti io

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na al l S St ta at ti is st ti ic cs s, , U UK K

 In2013, UKenterprises madee-commercesalesof a total valueof £557 billion (E

• commerce and IC

TS urvey of business)

• coversUKprivate enterpriseswith 10 or more employeesin selected sectors
• exclude very small firms, like self-employed and 0 employees
• 7'850 enterprises, stratified simple random sampling, byindustry level and by

enterprise size (employment-based: 10-49, 50-249, 250-999, +1000)

• Industriescovered: manufacturing, utilities, construction, wholesale, retail,

transport & storage, accommodation & food services, information & communication, other services. E xclude: agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining and quarrying, veterinary activities, public administration and defense, social security, education,health and social work, arts, entertainment and recreation.

 Difficult to collect dataon e-commercepurchases => focuson sales  22%of businesses with e-commercesales, 51%with e-commerce purchases  E

• commerce sales=20%of businessturnover

 65%E DI sales(B2Bproxy), 35%website sales

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W Wh hy y M Me ea as su ur re e C Cr ro

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ss s-

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bo

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rd de er r E E-

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co

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mm me er rc ce e? ?

 IC Tshave made servicesmore tradable

F allingprices for voice anddatacommunications C

• mputerizationof work

Trade in tasks S ervicestrade evolving from basic call centers, software coding, and digital content to more complex businessprocesssuch assystem design and R &D

 P

• licymakersseek answers to questionslike:

How much of services trade isdelivered digitally? How competitive isour economy in theoffshoringof services?

 S tatistical system lagsbehind  P

• licy makers rely on market consultancy estimates

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M Me ea as su ur ri in ng g C Cr ro

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ss s-

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bo

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rd de er r E E-

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co

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mm me er rc ce e -

• h

ho

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w

 Official statistics

E nterprise(preferable) andhousehold surveys F ew “value” data– but on share of firmswith cross-border e-sales E ven in E U– only 8%of firms sold onlineacross borders Postalstatistics– rapid increase in parcel traffic(e-com?) Internet trafficasproxy

 Private sector

Businessassociations, consultancy firms E nterprisesin e-commerceecosystem

E xpressdelivery companies(P

• stNord, UP

S ) P ayment providers(P ayP al) P latforms(Alibaba, eBay)

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N Ne ew w m me et th ho

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do

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lo

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gy y -

• t

to

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me ea as su ur re e i in nt te er rn na at ti io

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na al l t tr ra ad de e i in n I IC CT T-

• e

en na ab bl le ed d s se er rv vi ic ce es s

 No existingdefinition or comparable official statistics  E xisting trade statisticsdo not distinguish by modeof supply  First systematicand detailed attempt to defineand classify IC T- enabled servicesusingexisting classifications  Distinguish between service categoriesthat can potentially be delivered remotely over IC Tnetworks and those that cannot  IC T-enabled services=serviceswith outputsthat can be delivered remotely acrossborders, over IC Tnetworks  Based on existing classifications(E BOP S , C P C )

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Potentially ICT-enabled services by EBOPS 201 0 major components

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UNCTAD surveys on international trade in ICT-enabled services

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 Methodology tested by US

• But only digitally « deliverable »

 Four pilot surveys

• C
• staR

ica, E gypt, India, Thailand

• Meetingin G

eneva7-8 Dec 2016

 December 2017 – take stock  P

• ssibly adjust methodology

 R

• ll out survey in more countries

M Me ea as su ur ri in ng g E E-

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co

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mm me er rc ce e A A W Wa ay y F Fo

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rw wa ar rd d

 Learning from national experiences/approachesto measuringe-commerce  Importanceof metadataavailability => to understand how to interpret the data  E mergenceof other data sources: metadataequally important  C hoicebetween several indicators  E valuatingimpact

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