UN ESCAP WORKSHOP Manila, 27-28/8/2019 MOTORCYCLIST’S DRINK-DRIVING BEHAVIOR AND SAFETY IMPACTS IN VIETNAM Dr. Vũ Anh Tuấn Director, Vietnamese-German Transport Research Centre : +84 (0)913997953 : drtuan.va@vgtrc.vgu.edu.vn
CONTENTS NECESSITY, OBJECTIVES, METHODS, DATA TRAFFIC ACCIDENT ANALYSIS DRINK-DRIVING OBSERVATION PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS EXPERIMENT ON SCOOTER DRIVING SIMULATOR PROPOSED SOLUTIONS 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 2
NECESSITY OF RESEARCH (1) Drink-driving is an increasingly serious problem to traffic safety in Asia • 62% of victims of traffic accidents had a blood alcohol concentration exceeding the permitted level (Global Alcohol Policy Alliance, 2002) • 45% of the victims died due to drink-driving behavior (Global Alcohol Policy Alliance, 2002) Drinking culture has been popular in Vietnam for a long time 36% of motorbike drivers had a BAC exceeding the permitted level (WHO, • 2012) 40% of traffic accidents and 11% of fatal traffic accidents caused by • drink driving (NTSC, 2016) Implemented solutions to address the drink and drive behavior Strengthening police patrol and punishment • • Propagating the harmful effects of drink and drive • Promoting services to bring drinkers home from restaurants The situation of drink-driving is still popular and traffic safety has not been significantly improved 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 3
NECESSITY OF RESEARCH (2) International studies on drink and drive • Many studies on automobile drivers • Quite a few studies on large-displacement motorcycle drivers Vietnam, no study on drink-driving behavior of MC drivers à lack of a comprehensive understanding of the problem 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 4
RESEACH OBJECTIVES Determine relationships between drink-driving behavior and traffic accidents Quantify the effect of different BAC level on crash risk for motorbike drivers Suggest innovative solutions to cut down the number of drink-drive accidents 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 5
SCOPE OF RESEARCH Subjects of research Motorcycle drivers in general • Motorcyclists who suffered from traffic • accidents due to drink-driving behavior The others (Bus, Car, Truck drivers) • Source: Internet Study areas HCMC • Binh Duong province • Hanoi City • 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 6
RESEARCH FRAMEWORK AND DATA Traffic accident data Current Situation of Drink- (traffic police, hospital) Driving Behavior Observation survey (6 restaurants) Question 1 One to one interview Relationship btw Cognitive and Psychological (309 samples) drink-driving and traffic accidents Factors In-depth interview (88 samples) Effects of BAC level Experimental study on Question 2 on driving performance and motorcycle simulation Effect of BAC level crash risk (38 people) on crash risk Question 3 Proposing innovative Study findings & literature review solutions Innovative solutions 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 7
DATA COLLECTION / SURVEYS # Content Scope 1 General accident data Nationwide (C67) HCMC (PC67) 2 Detailed accident data Bình Dương (PC67) 3 Data collection at hospital Việt Đức hospital (Hà Nội) HCMC (3 restaurants) 4 Observation of drink-driving behavior Bình Dương (3 restaurants) HCMC 5 General interview Bình Dương 6 In-depth interview Việt Đức hospital (Hà Nội) 7 Scooter driving simulator experiment VGTRC/VGU (Bình Dương) 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 8
TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS BY DRINK-DRIVING IN VIETNAM 30.000% 26.470% 25.000% 21.400% 20.000% 15.000% 9.789% 8.820% 10.000% 8.845% 7.172% 6.670% 3.980% 5.000% 1.556% 0.138% 1.199% 0.570% 0.367% 3.040% 0.000% g g s g y g s s g e t n n s n s n a n e n r n n n s o a a e i w i g l n e i i i i i d n v u k r h v p e m t i s t e i r r i r r i t r d r e a c s e u p O e D c f i e d v n o P v t i L p i d i f u o y g k O l f g S n l e a a a q C n a o n o P w l g r g E d a N i i e r t i v e t g D , a g l g a i e l r e l l o n I n l I D l l o c R o l i i I n i (NTSC, 2017) o h r V e n W N e f u a V R s e n f U a s n U 28% of motorcycle drivers hospitalized due to traffic accidents had BAC exceeding the permitted level (BAC = 50 mg / 100 ml) (Nguyen et al., 2013) 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 9
LOCATIONS OF SURVEYED RESTAURANTS Hùng Vương Bình Dương (Small) - BD Tiến Dũng REST (Medium) - BD Năm Cường Ngọc Mai (Large) (Large) - HCMC - BD HCMC Nam Định 39 (Small) - HCMC (Medium) - HCM 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 10
MODES USED FOR COMING AND GOING 100% 1% 1% 0% 3% 4% 6% 6% Walk 80% 28% 26% Others ( self driving ) 60% Taxi 40% Car ( self driving ) 62% 62% To be carried 20% MC ( self driving ) 0% Arival ( N=433) Departure(N= 461) 62% people drove a motorcycle before and after drinking 6% people drove a car before and after drinking 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 11
FACE COLOR AND WALKING FEATURE WHEN LEAVING Face Color Walking Characteris2cs Wobbly 5% Red face 9% Normal 37% Unsteady 34% Normal Reddish face 61% 54% 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 12
VIOLATIONS AT THE TIME OF LEAVING RESTAURANT The light on Signal while crossing the road No 17% Yes 36% No Yes 64% 83% Helmet wearing Driving in a wrong way No 2% Yes 26% No Yes 74% 98% 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 13
IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW OF THE VICTIMS Interviewing motorcycle driver patients at Viet Duc hospital (Hanoi) • Interview Period: Oct-Nov 2018 • 88 respondents successfully interviewed (58 recovered + 30 still in hospital) Demographic characteristics of respondents # Information Factors Quantity Ratio # Information Factor Quantity Ratio Male 85 97% <3M 39 44% 1 Gender Female 3 3% 3-6M 9 10% 18-24 14 16% 4 Income 6-10M 37 42% 25-30 25 28% 10-20M 2 2% 2 Age 31-40 21 24% >20M 1 1% 41-60 16 18% suburban 31 35% Residential >=61 12 14% 5 Downtown 30 34% area Worker 17 19% Rural 27 31% Office staff 15 17% Motorcycle 77 88% Famer 9 10% Daily used Car 2 2% 6 Student 3 10% Bike, Ebike 5 6% mode Small business 4 5% 3 Occupation Walk 4 5% Seasonal worker 1 3% Housewife, 9 1% retirement Others 30 34% 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 14
REASONS FOR DECIDING DRIVING AFTER DRINKING I want to drive a motorbike because I have to go to 0% another place There is no parking space for overnight parking 3% Taxi is expensive , and calling grab / uber will have to wait 3% and also cost money I do not like motorcycle-taxi because it is not safe 4% I think with a little bit alcohol in my body, I will drive 4% better I don't want to disturb friends or call relatives 15% • key misperception I take short distances so I think it is safe 26% I can ride motorcycles safely after drinking alcohol as 45% always 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 15
Status When Leaving and Severity Level Walking status when taking the motorbike home Fall down • The victims who thought they were still Wobbly 1% 10% "normal" or being able to control their Normal motorcycle had actually had higher rates 40% Unsteady of injury than those who felt "unusual". 49% Walking Status and Severity Level 92% Unsteady 8% 0% 55% Normal 27% 18% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Moderate Serious Very Serious 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 16
Change in drink behavior “before” and “after” the accident (58 respondents) 60% 55% 50% 38% 40% 33% 30% 19% 20% 16% 16% 14% 10% 7% 3% 0% 0% No drink 1-2 pint glass (1 ~ 2 3-4 pint glass (3 ~ 5 5-6 pint glass (6 ~ 8 >6 pint glass (8 can) can) can) can) Before After A=er the traffic accident: • About 75% stop drinking or drink less (1-2 cups ~ 1-2 cans/ bo0les) • 10% sKll drink with high does (>5 cups ~ >6 cans/ bo0les) 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 17
Change in drink-driving behavior “before” and “after” the accident (58 respondents) Vehicles used after being drunk 90% 67% 78% 80% 70% 60% 50% 46% 40% 30% 21% 19% 20% 15% 14% 10% 7% 2% 0% To be carried MC (self driving) Car (self driving) taxi Before After • Since nearly two-thirds of the vicRms/respondents conRnue doing drink- driving behavior à stronger soluRons and/or stricter regulaRons 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 18
SIMULATOR-BASED EXPERIMENT To evaluate the influence of blood alcohol Objective 1 concentration on motorcycle driving performance To determine the relationship between blood alcohol Objective 2 concentration and probability of crash for motorcyclists 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 19
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) (mg/dL) Steps in the experimental process BAC = 0 BAC = 20 BAC = 50 BAC = 80 BAC = 100 Traffic environment Highway Urban 38 par3cipants running 359 3mes 27.08.19 VGU I VIETNAMESE-GERMAN UNIVERSITY 20
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