Ultrafast Single-Photon Detectors for On-Chip QKD Fabian Beutel 1,2 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Ultrafast Single-Photon Detectors for On-Chip QKD Fabian Beutel 1,2 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jul 31, 2023 312 likes •666 views

Ultrafast Single-Photon Detectors for On-Chip QKD Fabian Beutel 1,2 , Julian Mnzberg 1,2,3 , Andreas Vetter 4,5 , Wladick Hartmann 1,2 , Simone Ferrari 1,2 , Carsten Rockstuhl 3,4 , Wolfram Pernice 1,2 1 Westflische Wilhelms-Universitt

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SLIDE 1

Fabian Beutel1,2, Julian Münzberg1,2,3, Andreas Vetter4,5, Wladick Hartmann1,2, Simone Ferrari1,2, Carsten Rockstuhl3,4, Wolfram Pernice1,2

Ultrafast Single-Photon Detectors for On-Chip QKD

1 Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Physikalisches Institut 2 CeNTech - Center for Nanotechnology, Münster, Germany 3 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics (TFP) 4 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) 5 SUSS MicroOptics SA, Hauterive, Switzerland

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SLIDE 2
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SLIDE 3

Key measures

  • Effjciency
  • Dark count rate
  • Dead time
  • Jitter
  • Footprint
  • Continuous operation
  • Photonic integration
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Key measures

  • Effjciency
  • Dark count rate
  • Dead time
  • Jitter
  • Footprint
  • Continuous operation
  • Photonic integration

➔ Superconducting

Nanowire SPDs

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SLIDE 5

Nanowire (original size)

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SLIDE 6

Superconducting Nanowire SPDs

contact pads

  • A. Vetter, PhD Thesis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (2016)

nanowire

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SLIDE 7

Superconducting Nanowire SPDs

contact pads

  • A. Vetter, PhD Thesis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (2016)

nanowire

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SLIDE 8

www.singlequantum.com / www.scontel.ru / www.sconphoton.com

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SLIDE 9

www.singlequantum.com / www.scontel.ru / www.sconphoton.com

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SLIDE 10

Recovery time

Kerman, J. et al., Applied Physics Letters 88, 111116 (2006)

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SLIDE 11

✗ Long dead time

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SLIDE 12

✗ Long dead time ✗ No photonic integration

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✗ Long dead time ✗ No photonic integration

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✗ Long dead time ✗ No photonic integration

✔ 85 % detection effjciency (on-chip) ✔ 35 ps jitter ✔ < 1 Hz dark count rate ✔ Reduced dead time (~5 ns)

Kahl, O. et al, Sci. Rep. 5, 10941 (2015)

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SLIDE 15

Waveguide-integrated SNSPDs

Vetter, A. et al., Nano Lett. 16, 7085−7092 (2016) Pernice, W., et al., Nature communications 3, 1325 (2012)

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Waveguide-integrated SNSPDs

  • Further reduce wire length

Vetter, A. et al., Nano Lett. 16, 7085−7092 (2016) Vetter, A. et al., Nano Lett. 16, 7085−7092 (2016)

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SLIDE 17

Waveguide-integrated SNSPDs

  • Further reduce wire length

Vetter, A. et al., Nano Lett. 16, 7085−7092 (2016) Vetter, A. et al., Nano Lett. 16, 7085−7092 (2016)

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Waveguide-integrated SNSPDs

  • Further reduce wire length
  • Add photonic crystal cavity

Vetter, A. et al., Nano Lett. 16, 7085−7092 (2016) Vetter, A. et al., Nano Lett. 16, 7085−7092 (2016)

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SLIDE 19

1D-cavity enhanced SNSPDs

  • 30 % OCDE
  • Small recovery time (500 ps)
  • Lower dark count rate (resonance fjlter, small active area)

Vetter, A. et al., Nano Lett. 16, 7085−7092 (2016)

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SLIDE 20

1D-cavity enhanced SNSPDs

  • 30 % OCDE
  • Small recovery time (500 ps)
  • Lower dark count rate (resonance fjlter, small active area)

Vetter, A. et al., Nano Lett. 16, 7085−7092 (2016)

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2D-Cavity SNSPDs

  • Effjciency: 67 % at 1504 nm
  • < 0.1 mHz dark count rate
  • 29 ps jitter

Münzberg, J. et al, Optica 5, No. 5: 658-665 (2018)

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2D-Cavity SNSPDs

  • Effjciency: 67 % at 1504 nm
  • < 0.1 mHz dark count rate
  • 29 ps jitter

Münzberg, J. et al, Optica 5, No. 5: 658-665 (2018)

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SLIDE 23

Recovery time

  • Full recovery after 0.5 ns
  • Clicks are registered again

starting from 250 ps

Münzberg, J. et al, Optica 5, No. 5: 658-665 (2018)

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SLIDE 24

Applications: On-Chip Spectrometer

Wavelength separation by arrayed waveguide grating (AWG)

Kahl O, et al., Optica 4: 557-562 (2017)

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Applications: On-Chip Spectrometer

Wavelength separation by arrayed waveguide grating (AWG)

Kahl O, et al., Optica 4: 557-562 (2017)

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On-Chip Spectrometer

  • 8-Port spectrometer
  • 2 nm channel bandwidth
  • 18 dB crosstalk
  • OCDE ~20%
  • Demonstrated for 1550 nm and 740 nm

Kahl O, et al., Optica 4: 557-562 (2017)

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SLIDE 27

Single-photon source and detectors on a single chip

Khasminskaya, S., et al., Nature Photonics 10, 727-732 (2016)

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Single-photon source and detectors on a single chip

Khasminskaya, S., et al., Nature Photonics 10, 727-732 (2016)

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Summary

High-performance SNSPDs

– < 500 ps dead time (2 GHz) – 67 % detection effjciency – < 0,1 mHz dark count rate

Photonic integration

– On-chip spectrometer – On-chip single photon source

characterization

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Thank you for your attention!

fabian.beutel@wwu.de

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Fabrication

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Recovery time

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Setup

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