UI EE529 Static Transfer Switch Lecture 30 Switching model - - PDF document

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UI

EE529 Lecture 30

Static Transfer Switch

 Switching model  Measurements and Control  Examples  References: Look at Panel Session Archive

and Custom Power Technology Development

Distribution Series Compensation

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list at:

» http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1409/ » IEEE/PES Distribution Custom Power Task Force

UI

EE529 Lecture 30

Static Transfer Switch

Preferred System Backup System Distribution Series Compensation

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Sensitive Load

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EE529 Lecture 30

Static Transfer Switch

 Fire thyristors continually on preferred  Fire thyristors continually on preferred

source

» No phase delay » Synchronize on the current

 Continually measure voltage (PLL or other

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y g ( scheme) and track voltage magnitude

 Stop gating when sag detected

UI

EE529 Lecture 30

Static Transfer Switch

 Gate thyristors on alternate source when  Gate thyristors on alternate source when

stop on preferred source

 Won’t clear first source until natural current

zeros

» Fast detection of sag is key

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g y » Assumes generally don’t see a sag on two separate distribution feeders very often

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EE529 Lecture 30

Modeling the STS

 Type 11 switches for the devices  Type 11 switches for the devices  Synchronization and gate pulse generation  Magnitude and phase calculation

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UI

EE529 Lecture 30

Example Case

 Use PLL defined earlier for

» Sychronization » Computing magnitude of phase A voltage

 Identify sag based on this magnitude

compared to a reference level Ch k h l diff b t

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 Check phase angle difference between

sources before transfer

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EE529 Lecture 30

Example Case

8 12 [kV] Preferred Source Voltage (file sts2.pl4; x-var t) v:STSLA v:STSLB v:STSLC 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 [ms]

• 12
• 8
• 4

4 4 8 12 [kV] Alternate Source Voltage

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(file sts2.pl4; x-var t) v:STSRA v:STSRB v:STSRC 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 [ms]

• 12
• 8
• 4

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EE529 Lecture 30

Example Continued

8 12 [kV] Load Voltage 20 30 40 [A] Preferred Source Current (file sts2.pl4; x-var t) v:LOADA v:LOADB v:LOADC 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 [ms]

• 12
• 8
• 4

4 (file sts2.pl4; x-var t) c:BUS1LA-STSLA c:BUS1LB-STSLB c:BUS1LC-STSLC 15 30 45 60 75 90 [ms]

• 40
• 30
• 20
• 10

10 50 Alternate Source Current

Distribution Series Compensation

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(file sts2.pl4; x-var t) c:BUS2RA-STSRA c:BUS2RB-STSRB c:BUS2RC-STSRC 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 [ms]

• 40
• 25
• 10

5 20 35 [A]

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EE529 Lecture 30

Example Continued

0 5 0.8 1.1 Firing Permission for Main Sw itches (file sts2.pl4; x-var t) t: TRANS 15 30 45 60 75 90 [ms]

• 1.0
• 0.7
• 0.4
• 0.1

0.2 0.5 8 10 12 *10 3 Magnitude Calculation--Left Source

Distribution Series Compensation

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(file sts2.pl4; x-var t) t: MAGNL 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 [ms] 2 4 6

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EE529 Lecture 30

Unbalanced Faults

10 12 *10 3 Phase A to Ground 10 12 *10 3 Phase B to Ground (file sts2.pl4; x-var t) t: MAGNL 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 [ms] 2 4 6 8 (file sts2.pl4; x-var t) t: MAGNL 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 [ms] 2 4 6 8 10 12 *10 3 B-C to Ground

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(file sts2.pl4; x-var t) t: MAGNL 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 [ms] 2 4 6 8

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EE529 Lecture 30

ATPDraw Circuit

GT1LA I GT1RA

I

GT2LA

I

GT1LB LOAD GT2RA

I

GT1RB

I V

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GT2LB GT1LC GT2LC GT2RB GT1RC GT2RC

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EE529 Lecture 30

Sag Detection

Sag Detection Logic

MAGL

F

T

MAGR

F

T

VLOW MAGL OUTOLL

x x y y

VLOW MAGR VMINOK INTOLR

x x y y

T T

VMINOK

g g

Convert to components

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0.75 pu

T

0.9 pu

T

15 deg ANGMIN

T

0.5 TFLATC

T

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EE529 Lecture 30

Transfer Qualification

Transfer Logic

ONE8T PI

x y x y

ANGLR

*

THETAR THETAL

+

• ANGDIF

|x| x

T

POS180 NEG180 POS180

x x y y

NEG180

x x y

* -360

K

* -360

K +

• +

+

T

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T T y y

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EE529 Lecture 30

Transfer Qualification

OUTOLL INTOLR Two

K

PLUS1 TRANSF

+

• T

DELAYT MINUS1 TRANSF TFLATC

58 G u

ANGMIN

x x y y

ZERO LEFTOK

x x y y

T

Distribution Series Compensation

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SLIDE 8

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EE529 Lecture 30

Control Right Side

TFLATC RFIRA

54 T

RFIRB

54 T T

TFLATC

x x y y

BUS1LA

|x| x

LEFTOK TRIGA TFLATC

x x y y

BUS1LB

|x| x

LEFTOK TRIGB TFLATC

x x y

TRTA MINUS1 TRIGA TFLATC

58 G u

TRTB MINUS1 TRIGB TFLATC

58 G u

TRTC MINUS1 TRIGC TFLATC

G u

ZERO RAOK

x x y y T

ZERO RBOK

x x y y

RCOK

x T T

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RFIRC

54 x y y

BUS1LC

|x| x

LEFTOK TRIGC

58 G u

ZERO RCOK

x y y T

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EE529 Lecture 30

Firing Circuit

GT2RA RFIRA GT1RA LEFTOK GT1LA * LEFTOK GT1LB * LEFTOK GT1LC RFIRA GT2RA *

T

VALSYN ZERO

x x y y

GT2LA

T T

VBLSYN ZERO

x x y y T T

VARSYN ZERO

x x y y T

RFIRB GT2RB *

T

VBRSYN ZERO

x x y y T

RFIRC GT2RC LEFTOK * LEFTOK GT2LB * LEFTOK GT2LC * RFIRB GT1RB * RFIRC GT1RC *

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LEFTOK GT1LC *

T

VCLSYN ZERO

x x y y T

RFIRC *

T

VCRSYN ZERO

x x y y T

*

SLIDE 9

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EE529 Lecture 29

M d li d A l i f Modeling and Analysis of a Flywheel Energy Storage System with a Power Converter Interface

Series Compensation

Fall 2003

UI

EE529 Lecture 30

Static Series Compensator with Stored Energy Supply

 Correct oltage sags seen b critical loads  Correct voltage sags seen by critical loads  Isolate loads from the faulted system  Respond before loads trip  Presently slow protection and slow breakers

S h th t b i l t d ith

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 Scheme that can be implemented with

present day technology

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EE529 Lecture 30

Storing Energy

 Chemical Energy (Batteries)  Electrostatic Energy (Ultracapacitors)  Electromagnetic Energy (SMES coil)

Ki ti E (Fl h l )

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 Kinetic Energy (Flywheels)

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EE529 Lecture 30

Advantages of Flywheel

 Low cost  High power density  Greater number of charge-discharge cycles  Longer life

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 Longer life

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EE529 Lecture 30

Energy Stored in Flywheel

 I is moment of inertia

E 1 2 I  2 

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 I is moment of inertia   is angular velocity

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EE529 Lecture 30

Types of Flywheel

Hi h S d

 High Speed

» use high angular velocity » vacuum with magnetic bearings

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 Low Speed

» use large inertia

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EE529 Lecture 30

Basic Circuit Diagram

Supply Voltage

DVR Voltage

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+ =

Load Voltage

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EE529 Lecture 30

FESS single line diagram

M

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SLIDE 13

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EE529 Lecture 30

Method of Operation

 Charge mode

g

» energy flows from the power system to the flywheel » increasing flywheel speed to rated

 Floating Mode

» at rated speed only supply energy to overcome losses

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 Discharge mode

» energy flows from the flywheel to the shipboard system » decreasing flywheel speed

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EE529 Lecture 30

FESS Modeling

EMTDC M d l  Field oriented control AC drive model  Static series compensator model EMTDC Models

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 Laboratory version in near future

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EE529 Lecture 30

Field Oriented Control AC Drive

M

Distribution Series Compensation

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Field Oriented Control AC Drive

UI

EE529 Lecture 30

Static Series Compensator

M

Distribution Series Compensation

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Static Series Compensator

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EE529 Lecture 30

Field Oriented Control AC Drive

 Induction machine model  Indirect field oriented controller  S

t PWM l t

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 Space vector PWM pulse generator

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EE529 Lecture 30

Basic Voltage Source Converter

3

A B C

Vdc

+

1 2 5 4 6

 6 switches  8 combinations  6 active vectors

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•  2 zero vectors

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EE529 Lecture 30

Space Vector PWM Pulse Generator Model

I II III IV VI

T1 3 Vs Vdc

     

 Tz  sin  3    

     

 T2 3 Vs Vdc

     

 Tz  sin   

 



Distribution Series Compensation

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T0 Tz T1 T2 

 



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EE529 Lecture 30

Space Vector PWM Pulses

1.0

Firing Pulse for IGBT-1

/Low)

• 0.1

1.363 1.370 1.377

Output (High/

Time (s)

• 0.1

1.0 1 363 1 370 1 377

Firing Pulses for IGBT-3

Output (High/Low)

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1.363 1.370 1.377 Time (s)

• 0.1

1.0 1.363 1.370 1.377

Firing Pulses for IGBT-5

Output (High/Low)

Time (s)

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EE529 Lecture 30

Field Oriented Control AC Drive

SERIES VOLTAGE COMPENSATOR

SPACE VECTOR PWM

Firing Pulses

FLUX COMMAND TORQUE COMMAND MEASURED

6

IDFOC

Vqs Vds We Vdc

e

COMPENSATOR

Distribution Series Compensation

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SPEED

INDUCTION MACHINE MODEL

3 3 2

DQ ABC DQ ABC

Te

Va,Vb,Vc Ia,Ib,Ic

2

Vqs,Vds Iqs,Ids

e

We Wr

UI

EE529 Lecture 30

Static Series Compensator

SERIES FILTER VSC DC

SHIPBOARD POWER SYSTEM CRITICAL LOAD

Firing Pulses 6 SERIES TRANSFORMER FILTER VSC DC LINK FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL AC DRIVE

Distribution Series Compensation

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EE529 Lecture 30

Control Scheme

OUTER CONTROL SYSTEM

SAG DETECTOR ENERGY CONTROL SYSTEM SPACE VECTOR PWM PULSE GENERATOR SINUSOIDAL PWM PULSE GENERATOR INDIRECT FOC SAG CORRECTOR

Distribution Series Compensation

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M

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EE529 Lecture 30

SAG DETECTOR

Sag Detector and Corrector

3 DQ ABC 2

V SPS

V QDS

M

1 0.36 e V QDS

0.98

COMPARATOR per-unitizing

SD

FROM PLL

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

1.0 KP

T SAG

SAG CORRECTOR

TORQUE LIMITER REF

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EE529 Lecture 30

Energy Control Scheme

SD

SPEED CONTROLLER



DC BUS VOLTAGE CONTROLLER



SD



COMMANDED SPEED

 r

MEASURED COMMANDED DC VOLTAGE

T DC T SP

TORQUE

T C

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T SAG

SD

X

MEASURED

V DC

T SAG TORQUE COMMAND TO IDFOC

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EE529 Lecture 30

Simulation Results Sag Detector Response

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

de (High/Low, p.u, p.u)

SD VdqSPS VabcSPS

Distribution Series Compensation

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• 0.2

0.0

1.46 1.50 1.54 1.58 1.62 1.66 1.70 1.74 1.78 1.82 1.86 1.90 1.94

Magnitud

Time (s)

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EE529 Lecture 30

Simulation Results FESS Response

340 425 A-G B-G C-G

• 425
• 340
• 255
• 170
• 85

85 170 255 340

1.46 1.50 1.54 1.58 1.62 1.66 1.70 1.74 1.78 1.82 1.86 1.90 1.94

Voltage (V) Time (s) 340 425 A-G B-G C-G

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• 425
• 340
• 255
• 170
• 85

85 170 255 340

1.46 1.50 1.54 1.58 1.62 1.66 1.70 1.74 1.78 1.82 1.86 1.90 1.94

Voltage (V) Time (s)

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EE529 Lecture 30

Simulation Results Energy Conversion

340 1.46 1.50 1.54 1.58 1.62 1.66 1.70 1.74 1.78 1.82 1.86 1.90 1.94 DC Bus Voltage (V) Time (s) 360

Distribution Series Compensation

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300 310 320 330 340 350 1.46 1.50 1.54 1.58 1.62 1.66 1.70 1.74 1.78 1.82 1.86 1.90 1.94

Rotor Velocity (rad/s)

Time (s)

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EE529 Lecture 30

Simulation Results FESS Response

0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 RMS Voltgae (p.u) CRITICAL LOAD SPS

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0.4

1.46 1.50 1.54 1.58 1.62 1.66 1.70 1.74 1.78 1.82 1.86 1.90 1.94

R Time (s)