Ubiquitous Agriculture (u-Agri) A Collaborative Research Project in WSN between C-DAC and CRIDA Santosh Sam Koshy Senior Technical Officer NUCRC C-DAC, Hyderabad Email : santoshk@cdac.in National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 1 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Agenda • Introduction to Ubiquitous Computing • u-Agri • System Architecture • System Components • Deployment Photographs • Results • Future Plans • Outcome of One Day Brainstorming on WSN in Agriculture National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 2 8/24/2011 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Ubiquitous Computing Establishment of National Level Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centres Wireless Sensor Network applications Ubiquitous Agriculture Smart Parking Intelligent Intrusion Detection System – WSN Hardware Development – Adaptive Framework for WSN Application development – Ubiquitous Learning and Security – Context Aware Frameworks – Medical and Health related applications National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 3 8/24/2011 C-DAC, Hyderabad
u-Agri Objectives • Collaboration with Domain Experts • Aggregation of weather parameters from WSN • Temperature, Relative Humidity, Leaf Wetness • Rainfall, Solar Radiation, Wind Speed & Direction • Soil Moisture & Soil Temperature • Identification of suitable area in Agriculture for pilot experiment • Development of Decision Support Models • Dissemination of DSS Advisories National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 4 8/24/2011 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Pilot Experiment • Collaborative Research with Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA) • Pest & Disease Forewarning – Selected crop: Groundnut – Pest & Disease : Groundnut Leaf Miner & Groundnut Leaf Spot • Decision Support Advisory Models – Leaf Wetness Index based advisory for Leaf Spot – Temperature-Relative Humidity Index based advisory for Leaf Spot – Growing Degree Day Calculations for Leaf Miner National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 5 8/24/2011 C-DAC, Hyderabad
System Architecture National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 6 C-DAC, Hyderabad
WSN Deployment Plan • 6 motes sensing • Temperature • Relative Humidity • Leaf Wetness • 1 mote sensing • Solar Radiation, • Wind Speed & Direction • Rainfall • Deployment in CRIDA Research Farms ~ 1 Acre • Gateway Subsystem for Data Aggregation & Storage on Remote DB National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 7 8/24/2011 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Field Deployment @ CRIDA Farm, Hayatnagar National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 8 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Field Deployment National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 9 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Domain Requirements @ Farm Site • Sensing Intervals • Temp and RH - Hourly • Leaf Wetness - 5 minutes • Rainfall - Aggregated at EoD • Solar Radiation - Hourly • Wind Speed – Hourly • Wind Direction - 15 minutes • Data aggregation for a continuous span of 90 - 120 days National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 10 8/24/2011 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Gateway Deployment @ CRIDA, Hayatnagar National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 11 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Activities at the Gateway • Data Conversion Engine – Performs data conversion into standard engineering units • Local Storage – Weather data is stored into a sqlite database locally • Remote Storage – Runs independent database storage module which parses sqlite database and stores weather data remotely into RAS – Creates and maintains connection to RAS using CDMA modem National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 12 8/24/2011 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Remote Administration System • Website hosting sensor data aggregated from the fields. • www.ubicomp.in/uAgri • Graphical Analysis of Sensor Data • Decision Support Advisory Models • LWI based Advisory for Groundnut Leaf Spot • T/RH Index based Advisory for Groundnut Leaf Spot • Growing Degree Day Calculations for Groundnut Leaf Miner • SMS based Pest Management Advisories National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 13 8/24/2011 C-DAC, Hyderabad
www.ubicomp.in/uagri National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 14 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Online Data Analysis National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 15 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Graphical Analysis National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 16 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Leaf Wetness Index Based Advisory National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 17 C-DAC, Hyderabad
LWI Based Advisory for Groundnut Leaf Spot • If the cumulative Leaf Wetness Index (LWI) for the past 7 days exceeds 3.3, Fungicide administration is advised • Reference: Butler et al, 1994 • Wetness Hours The Wetness Index is calculated in relation to the Wetness Hours accumulated for the whole day using the following • Wetness Index If (WH/day <= 20) { WI = WH/20; } else { WI = 4.5 – 0.175*WH; } The Wetness Index is aggregated for the past 7 days National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 18 8/24/2011 C-DAC, Hyderabad
WSN Data Results National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 19 C-DAC, Hyderabad
WSN LWI Based Advisory Crop : Groundnut Disease : Leaf Spot FP = Farmer’s Practice Kharif 2009 Rabi 2009 SS = Scheduled Sprays WSN = WSN Advisory FP SS WSN NT FP SS WSN NT NT = No Treatment No of treatments 1 2 1 0 3 8 4 0 (cost per spray per ha = 620) Yield with the RBD - - - - 1400 750 1650 1318 (Kg per ha) Benefit Ratio 1.1 2.18 3.35 - National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 20 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Deployment Photographs @ CRIDA, Hayatnagar National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 21 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Deployment at Ananthapur • Collaborating Organization : CRIDA, ARS Ananth apur • Deployment Coverage Area : 10 Acres • Total Groundnut Cultivation : > 100 Acres • Motes : > 25 C-DAC Motes • Sensors Deployed : Temperature, Relative Humidity & Leaf Wetness • Selected crop: Groundnut • Pest & Disease : Groundnut Leaf Miner & Groundnut Leaf Spot • Decision Support Advisory Models – Leaf Wetness Index based advisory for Leaf Spot – Temperature-Relative Humidity Index based advisory for Leaf Spot
Deployment Photographs @ Ananthapur National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 23 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Indigenous Motes Developed @ C-DAC National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 24 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Project Status & Future Plans • Project Status – Completed 4 seasons in groundnut crop at CRIDA Hayatnagar – Deployment at ARS Ananthapur completed. Preparing for 1 st season in Kharif 2011 – Decision Support Advisory is integrated with SMS Gateway • Future Plans – Deployment at Farmer fields at Kadiri, Ananthapur – Correlation of Remote Sensing Data and WSN Data – Targeting other crops and agricultural practices like irrigation control and soil management National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 25 8/24/2011 C-DAC, Hyderabad
National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 26 C-DAC, Hyderabad
Organizations Participating
Outcomes of the Brainstorming 1. Integration of WSN & Remote Sensing 2. Decision Support Advisory Systems 3. WSN in Pest Management 4. Integration of WSN and Mobile Technology 5. Sensor Development 6. Historical Data Sets
Outcomes of the Brainstorming • Additional Areas for WSN – Soil Health & Nutrient Analysis – Plant Health – Drought Monitoring – Irrigation Control – Food & Grain Storage – Climate Change 1. Continued Activity – Crop Weather Insurance 2. Collaborative Effort – Ground Water Detection 3. Low Cost – Long Range – Market Information 4. Patents 5. Technology Commercialization
Many Thanks! Acknowledgements CRIDA Department of IT National Ubiquitous Computing Research Resource Centre 8/24/2011 30 C-DAC, Hyderabad
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