Ten lessons learned about Ten lessons learned about Ubiquitous - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Ten lessons learned about Ten lessons learned about Ubiquitous Computing Ubiquitous Computing Roy Want Roy Want Intel Research Intel Research Dagstuhl, September 2001 Dagstuhl, September 2001

Ubiquitous Computing Ubiquitous Computing � Olivetti 1988 Olivetti 1988- -1991 1991 � – Andy Hopper – Andy Hopper • Pandora • Active Badge � Xerox PARC 1991 Xerox PARC 1991- -2000 2000 � – – Mark Weiser (until, sadly,April 1999) Mark Weiser (until, sadly,April 1999) st Century” Sept 1991 Seminal paper “The computer for the 21 st Century” Sept 1991 Seminal paper “The computer for the 21 • Parctab project 1991-95 • Tacit 1995-96 • Bridging the Physical and the Virtual World 1997-1998 • Hikari Project 1999-2000 � Intel Research 2000 Intel Research 2000- -Present Present � – David Tennenhouse – David Tennenhouse • Personal Server Project 9/27/2001 Page 2

Some Early History Some Early History � Active Badges 1988 Active Badges 1988- - � – Smart telephone networks Smart telephone networks – – Interested in the problem of automatically routing Interested in the problem of automatically routing – telephone calls to the correct place in a building telephone calls to the correct place in a building – Gave rise to the creation of the Active Badge Gave rise to the creation of the Active Badge – project project – Project turned out to be not just a peripheral for Project turned out to be not just a peripheral for – Pandora but opened up a whole new area of Pandora but opened up a whole new area of research for me and helped me realize the new research for me and helped me realize the new opportunity for context based computing. opportunity for context based computing. 9/27/2001 Page 3

In- -Building Location Systems Building Location Systems In Active Badge Olivetti Research Hardware Xerox PARC/EuroPARC *AIR project *Ubicomp 9/27/2001 Page 4

Lesson 1 Lesson 1 � People really care about personal and People really care about personal and � ubiquitous technologies, so be prepared ubiquitous technologies, so be prepared to have many long debates about how to have many long debates about how these technologies are used these technologies are used – Long discussions with colleagues Long discussions with colleagues – – Many very emotional arguments about – Many very emotional arguments about • Privacy • Security • Access control of the data • System architecture 9/27/2001 Page 5

Lesson 2 Lesson 2 � The press ‘love’ stories about The press ‘love’ stories about � ubiquitous computing ubiquitous computing – Lots of interviews requested Lots of interviews requested – – Adding the human factor to computing makes it Adding the human factor to computing makes it – compelling material for journalists to write about compelling material for journalists to write about – Began to be very time consuming Began to be very time consuming – • But also lots of fun 9/27/2001 Page 6

Business Week `92 New York Times`92 Glamour Mag `93 PC World`90 Byte `93 9/27/2001 Page 7

Lesson 3 Lesson 3 � Beware of the Press Beware of the Press � – Initially benign Initially benign – – But you might be surprised how two But you might be surprised how two- -faced faced – journalists can be …. journalists can be …. � Imagine you are sitting down to Imagine you are sitting down to � breakfast on a Sunday morning and breakfast on a Sunday morning and have just opened your Sunday have just opened your Sunday newspaper……. newspaper……. 9/27/2001 Page 8

9/27/2001 Page 9

9/27/2001 Page 10

Lesson 4 Lesson 4 � Only building something actually allows you to Only building something actually allows you to � explore its full design potential explore its full design potential – Badges had a one button interface for testing the system Badges had a one button interface for testing the system – – Button became a command interface Button became a command interface – • One command • One command for every location • One command for every location with a difference combination of people at that location – One qualified bit, turned out to have N One qualified bit, turned out to have N- -way depth way depth – – Our first context Our first context- -aware applications were built using this button aware applications were built using this button – 9/27/2001 Page 11

Lesson 5 Lesson 5 � Successful technology adoption is very Successful technology adoption is very � dependent on the culture of the target dependent on the culture of the target users users – Badges were adopted at Olivetti Research because there Badges were adopted at Olivetti Research because there – was a display for the receptionist to route telephone calls to was a display for the receptionist to route telephone calls to the correct room – – this was valuable this was valuable the correct room – Badges were adopted at Europarc initially just because they – Badges were adopted at Europarc initially just because they were cool to have and everybody wanted to be part of the were cool to have and everybody wanted to be part of the club. club. • Later the trend reversed and equally quickly people did not want to wear badges anymore 9/27/2001 Page 12

Ubiquitous Computing Ubiquitous Computing � Ubiquitous Computing Phase I 1988 Ubiquitous Computing Phase I 1988- -1995 1995 � – Parctab (inch) , ParcPad (foot), Liveboard (yard) – Parctab (inch) , ParcPad (foot), Liveboard (yard) Wearable Carryable Fixed 9/27/2001 Page 13

PARCTab Applications PARCTab Applications � Palm Internet terminal Palm Internet terminal � Best PDA in the world Best PDA in the world � Communication Communication � – Email – Email – Video window – Video window � Collaboration Collaboration � – Group pointing – Group pointing – Group voting – Group voting � Remote Control Remote Control � – Reactive Environment Project (temp, lights etc) – Reactive Environment Project (temp, lights etc) � Local operation Local operation � – – Data cache Data cache – – Applications (note taking editor with automatic upload) Applications (note taking editor with automatic upload) 9/27/2001 Page 14

Parctab Project Parctab Project Diffuse-IR Wireless micro-cellular PDA 9/27/2001 Page 15

Lesson 6 Lesson 6 � Its really hard to get people to adopt a new Its really hard to get people to adopt a new � way of doing something unless it brings a way of doing something unless it brings a new level of utility new level of utility – Parctabs could be used to give great visitor demonstrations Parctabs could be used to give great visitor demonstrations – – They were initially very popular for reading email with They were initially very popular for reading email with – – PROBLEM: PROBLEM: Everywhere a Parctab Infrared micro Everywhere a Parctab Infrared micro- -cell cell – existed there was also a powerful workstation. existed there was also a powerful workstation. • The workstation was a much better platform for reading email – The exceptions were conference rooms, but then 20 people The exceptions were conference rooms, but then 20 people – would try to use Tabs simultaneously and the utilization of would try to use Tabs simultaneously and the utilization of the network would approach 1 making it very slow to use. the network would approach 1 making it very slow to use. 9/27/2001 Page 16

Popular Science, 1995 9/27/2001 Page 17

Lesson 7 Lesson 7 � Build applications so that they are high Build applications so that they are high � quality, customizable and have appeal quality, customizable and have appeal – – We always tried to make our prototype hardware have the physical We always tried to make our prototype hardware have the physical appearance of a commercial product appearance of a commercial product • This really helped in deploying our technology to an existing user community – – However, we initially tried to enforce the look and feel of our However, we initially tried to enforce the look and feel of our devices e.g. labels, the iconic look of applications etc devices e.g. labels, the iconic look of applications etc • This cause more problems than it was worth – User customization was key to integrating with an existing – User customization was key to integrating with an existing community. community. – Invisible computing was much more appealing for the Press to – Invisible computing was much more appealing for the Press to understand. understand. 9/27/2001 Page 18

Invisible computing is received very well San Jose Mercury News, 1998 9/27/2001 Page 19

Southwest Airlines Mag. Spirit, 1996 9/27/2001 Page 20