TriTraS - The Triathlon Transition study (presentation for colloquium - PDF document

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292984697 TriTraS - The Triathlon Transition study (presentation for colloquium in July 2015) Presentation · July 2015 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4950.3763 CITATIONS READS 0 80 1 author: Christian Weich Universität Konstanz 11 PUBLICATIONS 5 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: THE ATTRACTOR METHOD – A NOVEL TOOL TO HIGHLIGHT SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN CROSS-COUNTRY SKI SKATING TECHNIQUES (V1 VS. V2) View project Attractor Method View project All content following this page was uploaded by Christian Weich on 05 February 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Dealing with Triathlon Transition Methods, Testing and performance enhancement Christian Weich International Sports Studies University of Constance 1

Content 1. “The Running Rabbit“ 2. Application: The triathlon project 2.2 Previous work 2.3 RehaWatch system 2.4 Methods and design 3. Conclusion and future 2

The „Running Rabbit“ Pacing system constructed and installed by: Christian Weich Tobias Mattmann Sebastian Ambros Katrin Mattmann Supported by University of Constance 3

The idea, use and advantages of „chasing a rabbit“ in sports • Its hard to hold a certain speed especially during final stages of incremental test • Standardized speed in time trial performances (like 3000m run) • Testing performance outside seems to be more realistic and „comfortable“ compared to treadmill • Transportable and adaptable to every track • Other usage: Swimming (lights on the ground), installed systems (200m track at Olympiastützpunkt in SB) • Issues : Costs, sometimes unhandy, connection problems, accurate distance

Components _____________ Up to 16 lamps -> visual and acoustic feedback every 25m Central control unit: antenna, router, computer, RasPi

Technical facts • Control unit: RaspberryPi • Programming languages for the software: • C++, HTML, PHP and Javascript with the library jQuery • Arduino Pro Minis for the LEDs (getting a signal from the Pi with a frequency of 2,4 GHz) • Chassis printed with 3D printer

The Software • Control • Settings • Pacing protocols

The Triathlon project Analyzing and improving transition 2 (T2)

The general idea S.Kienle at Halfmarathon in Griesheim: 1:09:52 Stunden S.Kienle at Halfmarathon Ironman Kraichgau: 1:15:25 Stunden C. Weich: 1:28:00 solo -> 1:36:00 Ironman 70.3 Rapperswil Jona DTU guidance: Marathon IM +16%, HM IM +5%

Negative impact of (swimming) and cycling on run performance • Run in a relatively fatigued state • Influencing variables: • Legality of drafting (ITU WC) • Implementation of „brick-workouts“ • Cadence • Triathlon-specific bicycle

Previous approaches to solve the „transition problem“ Consequences of the three disciplines on the overall result in OD triathlon Fröhlich, Klein, Pieter, Emrich, Gießing (2008) Biomechanics in Change in running kinematics after cycling triathlon transition Bonacci, Green, Saunders, Blanch et al. (2010) Gohlitz, Große, Witt from IAT Leipzig (1995) RPE during cycling is associated with subsequent Effect of cycling cadence on subsequent running economy in triathletes 3km running Bonacci, Vleck, Saunders, Blanch, Vicenzino (2013) Bernard, Vercruyssen, Grego, Hausswirth et al. (2003)

Methods and Using cyclic motions to quantify further devices the „transition problem“

The attractor method • Identification of gait pattern differences between diverse situations and classify them on group and individual subject levels • Manual step: Transversal section to get • Characterization of the overall motion • Alternative to expensive and time consuming techniques of gait classification assessment • Easy to use diagnostic tool to quantify clinical (and hopefully professional sports related) changes Vieten, Sehle & Jensen, 2013

RehaWatch Mobile Gait Analysis by 14

AN ESSENTIAL DEVICE IN REHABILITATION AND PHYSIOTHERAPY • Important fields: - Neurological gait disorders (stroke, spinal coord injuries etc.) - Orthopedics (endoprosthetic treatment) - Change of physiological gait Device uses acceleration, angular velocity and magnetism (IMU) to get the relevant indicators of gait quality, e.g. velocity, foot angles (°), stride information, phases of walking/running, foot-foot-passage,… Hasomed (2012) RehaWatch Katalog english version & further information on http://www.hasomed.de/us 15

MEMS MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL-SYSTEM • Miniaturized („very tiny“) mechanical and electro mechanical elements. 1-100 per chip each with the size of a human hair: • microelectronics: „brain“ • microsensors • microactuators —> „transducers“ which convert mechanical into electrical signals MEMS are less expensive, very small and light, have only a modest power consumption and a high reliability ! 16

THE REHAWATCH PACKAGE Inertial Sensors (laterally attached) : * Triaxial accelerator (acceleration) Foot Rests : Durable and skin- friendly * Triaxial gyroscopes (angular velocity) mount for the sensors Magnetometer (permanent magnet * magnetic field sensor) Hasomed software : * Transferring of data Data logger (basic unit) : * Calculates all gait parameters * Control of measurements * Comparing and presenting of results * Cache for measured values 17

INERTIAL SENSOR • 60x35x15 mm / 35g each • Triaxial Accelerometer: +- 16G • Triaxial Gyroscope: +- 2000°/s • Magnetometer: 1,3 GS • Measuring rate: 600 Hz • Constructed as MEMS • Data collection via Bluetooth (bicycle aside) 18

Using cyclic motions to quantify Design the „transition problem“

Test Design Day 1: Bike-Test Break Run-Test (max) (submax) 1-2h Day 2: WU + 3000m Isolated run at threshold speed Day 3: WU + 30 Min. Bike 3000m Transitionrun Intensity: P threshold Trans- Intensity: treshold ition speed

Pilot Data - analysis and interpretation - Task: 3km Run (isolated) vs. 20 Min cycling + 3km Run (transition) Table 1: Difference between the attractors δ M

Pilot Data - analysis and interpretation - Task: 3km Run (isolated) vs. 20 Min cycling + 3km Run (transition) Table 2: Absolute Variability between the two runs

Pilot Data - analysis and interpretation - Task: 3km Run (isolated) vs. 20 Min cycling + 3km Run (transition) Table 3: Difference between two movements variability

Conclusions & future aims • Pacing and testing in outdoor environment • New approach (attractor method) to solve/ quantify the „transition problem“ • Solid measurement devices and protocols to quantify the di ff erence between IRun and TRun • Improving running performance in competition -> possibilities?

References • Bernard, T., Vercruyssen, F., Grego, F., Hausswirth, C., Lepers, R., Vallier, J-M. & Brisswalter, J. (2003). Br J Sports Med , 37, 154-159. • Bonacci, J., Green, D., Saunders, P ., Blanch, P ., Franettovich, M., Chapman, A. & Vicenzino, B. (2010). Change in running kinematics after cycling are related to alterations in running economy in triathletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport , 1-5. • Bonacci, J., Vleck, V., Saunders, P ., Blanch, P . & Vicenzino, B. (2013). Rating of perceived exertion during cycling is associated with subsequent running economy in triathletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport , 16, 49-53. • Froehlich, M., Klein, M, Pieter, A. & Emrich, E. (2008). Consequences of the three disciplines on the overall result in olympic-dsitance triathlon. International Journal of Science and Engineering , 2(4), 204-210. • Friel, J. & Vance, J. (2013). Triathlon Science . Human Kinetics: Champaign • Gohlitz, D., Große, S. & Witt, M. () Darstellung von Veränderungen der Schrittlänge und Schrittfrequenz beim Übergang von Radfahren zum Laufen zur Kennzeichnung der Dauer von Übergangsphasen im Duathlon (Pilotuntersuchung) . IAT Leipzig • Quintana-Duque, J., Vieten, M. & Saupe, D. Parametrization of cyclic motion and transversal sections. dvs • Vieten, M., Sehle, A. & Jensen, R. (2013). A novel approach to quantify time series differences of gait data using attractor attributes. PLoS one , 8(8), e71824

Appendix

What is the meaning of the resulting numbers? D: Variability δ M: Difference between two attractors δ D: Difference between two movements variability δ F = δ M * δ D: Fatigue index Kliniken Schmieder Universität Konstanz 16 25.06.2015 The Attractor Method View publication stats View publication stats