TriTraS - The Triathlon Transition study (presentation for colloquium - - PDF document

TriTraS - The Triathlon Transition study (presentation for colloquium in July 2015)

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Dealing with Triathlon Transition

Methods, Testing and performance enhancement

Christian Weich International Sports Studies University of Constance

Content

• 1. “The Running Rabbit“
• 2. Application: The triathlon project

2.2 Previous work 2.3 RehaWatch system 2.4 Methods and design

• 3. Conclusion and future

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The „Running Rabbit“

Pacing system constructed and installed by: Christian Weich Tobias Mattmann Sebastian Ambros Katrin Mattmann Supported by University of Constance

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The idea, use and advantages of „chasing a rabbit“ in sports

• Its hard to hold a certain speed especially during final stages of

incremental test

• Standardized speed in time trial performances (like 3000m run)
• Testing performance outside seems to be more realistic and

„comfortable“ compared to treadmill

• Transportable and adaptable to every track
• Other usage: Swimming (lights on the ground), installed systems (200m

track at Olympiastützpunkt in SB)

• Issues: Costs, sometimes unhandy, connection problems, accurate

distance

Up to 16 lamps -> visual and acoustic feedback every 25m

Central control unit: antenna, router, computer, RasPi

Components _____________

Technical facts

• Control unit: RaspberryPi
• Programming languages for the software:
• C++, HTML, PHP and Javascript with the library jQuery
• Arduino Pro Minis for the LEDs (getting a signal from the

Pi with a frequency of 2,4 GHz)

• Chassis printed with 3D printer

The Software

• Control
• Settings
• Pacing protocols

The Triathlon project

Analyzing and improving transition 2 (T2)

The general idea

S.Kienle at Halfmarathon in Griesheim: 1:09:52 Stunden S.Kienle at Halfmarathon Ironman Kraichgau: 1:15:25 Stunden

• C. Weich: 1:28:00 solo -> 1:36:00 Ironman 70.3 Rapperswil Jona

DTU guidance: Marathon IM +16%, HM IM +5%

Negative impact of (swimming) and cycling on run performance

• Run in a relatively fatigued state
• Influencing variables:
• Legality of drafting (ITU WC)
• Implementation of „brick-workouts“
• Cadence
• Triathlon-specific bicycle

Previous approaches to solve the „transition problem“

Biomechanics in triathlon transition

Gohlitz, Große, Witt from IAT Leipzig (1995)

Effect of cycling cadence on subsequent 3km running

Bernard, Vercruyssen, Grego, Hausswirth et al. (2003)

Change in running kinematics after cycling

Bonacci, Green, Saunders, Blanch et al. (2010)

RPE during cycling is associated with subsequent running economy in triathletes

Bonacci, Vleck, Saunders, Blanch, Vicenzino (2013)

Consequences of the three disciplines

• n the overall result in OD triathlon

Fröhlich, Klein, Pieter, Emrich, Gießing (2008)

Methods and further devices

Using cyclic motions to quantify the „transition problem“

The attractor method

• Identification of gait pattern differences

between diverse situations and classify them on group and individual subject levels

• Manual step: Transversal section to get
• Characterization of the overall motion
• Alternative to expensive and time

consuming techniques of gait classification assessment

• Easy to use diagnostic tool to quantify

clinical (and hopefully professional sports related) changes

Vieten, Sehle & Jensen, 2013

RehaWatch

Mobile Gait Analysis by

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AN ESSENTIAL DEVICE IN REHABILITATION AND PHYSIOTHERAPY

• Important fields:
• Neurological gait disorders (stroke, spinal coord injuries etc.)
• Orthopedics (endoprosthetic treatment)
• Change of physiological gait

Device uses acceleration, angular velocity and magnetism (IMU) to get the relevant indicators of gait quality, e.g. velocity, foot angles (°), stride information, phases of walking/running, foot-foot-passage,…

Hasomed (2012) RehaWatch Katalog english version & further information on http://www.hasomed.de/us

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MEMS

MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL-SYSTEM

• Miniaturized („very tiny“) mechanical

and electro mechanical elements. 1-100 per chip each with the size of a human hair:

• microelectronics: „brain“
• microsensors
• microactuators

—> „transducers“ which convert mechanical into electrical signals

MEMS are less expensive, very small and light, have only a modest power consumption and a high reliability!

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THE REHAWATCH PACKAGE

Foot Rests: Durable and skin- friendly mount for the sensors Inertial Sensors (laterally attached):

* Triaxial accelerator (acceleration) * Triaxial gyroscopes (angular velocity) *

Magnetometer (permanent magnet magnetic field sensor) Data logger (basic unit):

* Control of measurements * Cache for measured values

Hasomed software:

* Transferring of data * Calculates all gait parameters * Comparing and presenting of results

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INERTIAL SENSOR

• 60x35x15 mm / 35g each
• Triaxial Accelerometer: +- 16G
• Triaxial Gyroscope: +- 2000°/s
• Magnetometer: 1,3 GS
• Measuring rate: 600 Hz
• Constructed as MEMS
• Data collection via Bluetooth

(bicycle aside)

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Design

Using cyclic motions to quantify the „transition problem“

Test Design

Day 1: Day 2: Day 3: Bike-Test (submax)

Run-Test (max)

Break 1-2h WU + 3000m Isolated run at threshold speed WU + 30 Min. Bike Intensity: Pthreshold Trans- ition

3000m Transitionrun

Intensity: treshold speed

Pilot Data - analysis and interpretation -

Task: 3km Run (isolated) vs. 20 Min cycling + 3km Run (transition)

Table 1: Difference between the attractors δ M

Pilot Data - analysis and interpretation -

Task: 3km Run (isolated) vs. 20 Min cycling + 3km Run (transition)

Table 2: Absolute Variability between the two runs

Pilot Data - analysis and interpretation -

Task: 3km Run (isolated) vs. 20 Min cycling + 3km Run (transition)

Table 3: Difference between two movements variability

Conclusions & future aims

• Pacing and testing in outdoor

environment

• New approach (attractor

method) to solve/ quantify the „transition problem“

• Solid measurement devices

and protocols to quantify the difference between IRun and TRun

• Improving running performance

in competition -> possibilities?

References

• Bernard, T., Vercruyssen, F., Grego, F., Hausswirth, C., Lepers, R., Vallier, J-M. & Brisswalter, J. (2003). Br J Sports

Med, 37, 154-159.

• Bonacci, J., Green, D., Saunders, P

., Blanch, P ., Franettovich, M., Chapman, A. & Vicenzino, B. (2010). Change in running kinematics after cycling are related to alterations in running economy in triathletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 1-5.

• Bonacci, J., Vleck, V., Saunders, P

., Blanch, P . & Vicenzino, B. (2013). Rating of perceived exertion during cycling is associated with subsequent running economy in triathletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 16, 49-53.

• Froehlich, M., Klein, M, Pieter, A. & Emrich, E. (2008). Consequences of the three disciplines on the overall result in
• lympic-dsitance triathlon. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 2(4), 204-210.
• Friel, J. & Vance, J. (2013). Triathlon Science. Human Kinetics: Champaign
• Gohlitz, D., Große, S. & Witt, M. () Darstellung von Veränderungen der Schrittlänge und Schrittfrequenz beim

Übergang von Radfahren zum Laufen zur Kennzeichnung der Dauer von Übergangsphasen im Duathlon (Pilotuntersuchung). IAT Leipzig

• Quintana-Duque, J., Vieten, M. & Saupe, D. Parametrization of cyclic motion and transversal sections. dvs
• Vieten, M., Sehle, A. & Jensen, R. (2013). A novel approach to quantify time series differences of gait data using

attractor attributes. PLoS one, 8(8), e71824

Appendix

Universität Konstanz

What is the meaning of the resulting numbers?

D: Variability δM: Difference between two attractors δD: Difference between two movements variability δF = δM * δD: Fatigue index Kliniken Schmieder

The Attractor Method 16 25.06.2015