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Transdisciplinary approach to developing effective restoration - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 09, 2024 25 likes •447 views

Transdisciplinary approach to developing effective restoration measures runn Ptursdttir Soil Conservation Service of Iceland Ecological Restoration An intentional activity that initiates or accelerates the recovery of a (degraded)

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Transdisciplinary approach to developing effective restoration measures

Þórunn Pétursdóttir Soil Conservation Service of Iceland

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Ecological Restoration

  • Ecological restoration is an engaging and inclusive process. Restoration embraces

the interrelationships between nature and culture, engages all sectors of society, and enables full and effective participation of indigenous, local and disenfranchised communities.

  • Ecological restoration requires the integration of knowledge and practice. Science

and other forms of knowledge are essential for designing, implementing and monitoring restoration projects and programs. At the same time, lessons learned from practical experiences are essential for determining and prioritizing the scientific needs of the field.

  • Ecological restoration is policy-relevant and essential. Restoration is a critical tool

for achieving biodiversity conservation, mitigating and adapting to climate change, enhancing ecosystem services, fostering sustainable socioeconomic development, and improving human health and well-being.

  • Ecological restoration is practiced locally with global implications. Restoration

takes place in all regions of the world, with local actions having regional and global benefits for nature and people.

“An intentional activity that initiates or accelerates the recovery of a (degraded) ecosystem with respect to its functions, integrity and sustainability“ (ser.org)

Island Press Book Series on ecological restoration

A cross-disciplinary activity!

(ser.org)

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Degraded ecosystems/Unsustainable SESs

impact inputs inputs

Restoration ecology Social cohesion Financial support

  • utputs
  • utputs

Ecological restoration

Evidence-based policies

impact impact impact

Ecological outcome Ecosystem functions Ecosystem structure Social outcome Collaboration/ transparency Paradigm shift Economic outcome Market values Non-market values

Restored ecosystems/Sustainable SESs

Environmental information Societal information

Economic Social Political Biotic Abiotic Technic

Evaluation Evaluation

EGOLOGICAL RESTORATION AS PART OF RESILIENCE-BASED MANAGEMENT

feedback feedback

Petursdottir et al. In manuscript

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Inadequate Behavior

*R- R+ R- Ecology Society UNSUSTAINABLE SYSTEM

Degradation Intervention

R+

Ecology Society

R+

SUSTAINABLE SYSTEM

Disturbance Restoration Behavioral changes Adaptive management Disruption

R- R- R+

Based on: Holling 2001 and Carpenter et al. 2001

*R = resilience/resistance

SES resilience – a conceptual model

(Petursdottir et al., in manuscript)

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Source: Iceland Forest Service

An estimate of birch woodlands at the time of settlement (around 900 AD)

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Source: Iceland Forest Service

The extent of birch woodlands in 1990

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Ecosystem degradation

150 km

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RESTORATION IN ICELAND 1907-2010

  • Iceland: 103.000 km2
  • 43.000 km2 <50% vegetation cover

– Roughly 80% of Icelandic ecosystems can be defined as rangelands – majority utilized for sheep grazing

RESTORED AREAS:

  • Heathland/grassland: 2300 km2
  • Woodland: 192 km2
  • Wetland: 26 km2

Aradottir et al. 2013

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“Drivers of Ecological Restoration: Lessons from a Century of Restoration in Iceland”

PRAGMATIC Utilization based IDEALISTIC Conservation based BUREOCRATIC Policy based Aradottir et al. 2013

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Restoration project of a local primary school in the country side

2000-2005

Photos: Sigþrúður Jónsdóttir

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Local landcare group operating in the common highlands in the South

Photo: Sigþrúður Jónsdóttir

2000 2005

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Ássandur- Þingeyjarsýslu

Previously collapsed ecosystem Fertilized in 1963 Birch and willow species re-colonizing

2004

Photos: Sveinn Runólfsson

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CASE STUDY -collapsed to restored

  • Icelandic Hekla forest project

– Since 2007

  • Resilience-based

– Capture pumish/ash

  • Planting seed banks

– Seed spread by wind dispersal

  • Multiple benefits

– Restoration – Afforestation, native species – Water storage – Protection/utilization – Recreation/aesthetic – Various stakeholders

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Private property Soil Conservation Service SCS and Local authorities Local authorities Local authorities Forestry Grazed rangeland Hekluskógar boundaries Roads Farms

Size of area under restoration: 900 km2 (1% of Iceland)

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Sparsely vegetated / much sandflux / Lyme grass - 1 Sparsely vegetated / little sandflux / grasses - 1b Partly vegetated / fertilizer - 2a Partly vegetated / tree planting - 2b Old lupine reclamation / tree planting -3 Fully vegetated / tree planting - 4 Over 600 m a.s.l. Grazed rangeland Private property Hekluskógar boundaries Rivers and lakes Roads Farms

Conditions

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Yes!

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Þórsmörk

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„Almenningar“ („Commons“)

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Restoration activities

Since 1990

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Plot 4

Height: 264 m Cover: 40 % Biomass: 84 kg/ha

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Plot 4b

Height: Um 250 m Cover: 100 % Biomass: 264 kg/ha

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Plot 6

Height: 296 m Cover: 40 % Biomass: 38 kg/ha

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Plot 9

Height: 425 m Cover: 40 % Biomass: 57 kg/ha

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„Hádegissker“ in Skógey area – a historical evidence

Guðmundur Ómar Friðleifsson

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Hoffellsjökull

Glacial lake Glacier retreating

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Glacial outburst

Before 1980

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Hornafjörður

around 1980

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Highly intensive management low ecological considerations – main purpose to protect the fishing village from drifting sand

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2 years after intensive reclamation

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Diverse vegetation

  • Natural distribution of native species
  • Birds
  • Wetland formation

2004

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The effects of grazing on willows

Protected Grazed ONGOING CONFLICT...

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Þorlákshöfn

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But – they used a restorationcompensation fund, established in relation to the construction of a geothermal power plant to install optical fibre cable to improve their internet connection...

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Gunnarsholt´s stream

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Gunnarsholt´s stream

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For the group exersice:

  • What are the three main types of degradation in your country?
  • In accordance to the 4-level model of the EU, what is their level of

degradation?

  • What are the potentials for their restoration, in the social-ecological

context? Several useful links: www.ser.org – http://chapter.ser.org/europe/ http://www.desire-project.eu/ http://www.recare-project.eu/ http://desertrestorationhub.com/ http://www.globalrestorationnetwork.org/ IUCN (the Ecosystem Approach)