trt rr rs t - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

❊❧❡❝tr✐❝✐t② ❋♦r✇❛r❞ ❈✉r✈❡s ✇✐t❤ ❚❤✐♥ ●r❛♥✉❧❛r✐t② ▼❡r❝❛t✐ ❊♥❡r❣❡t✐❝✐ ❡ ▼❡t♦❞✐ ◗✉❛♥t✐t❛t✐✈✐✿ ✉♥ ♣♦♥t❡ tr❛ ✉♥✐✈❡rs✐tá ❡ ❛③✐❡♥❞❡ ❘✉❣❣❡r♦ ❈❛❧❞❛♥❛ ✭♣r❡s❡♥t❡r✮✱ ●✐❛♥❧✉❝❛ ❋✉s❛✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡❛ ❘♦♥❝♦r♦♥✐ ❆❝❝❡♥t✉r❡ ❙P❆✱ ▼✐❧❛♥ ✲ ■t❛❧② P❛❞♦✈❛✱ ❖❝t♦❜❡r ✶✸✱ ✷✵✶✻

❈✉r✈❡ ❍P❋❈ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥ ❚❤❡ ❤♦✉r❧② ♣r✐❝❡ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❝✉r✈❡ ✭❍P❋❈✮ q✉♦t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❣✐✈❡♥ ♠❛r❦❡t ❛t ❛ ❞❛② t ✐s ❛ ♠❛t❤❡♠❛t✐❝❛❧ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ˆ f t ( T , h ) ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐♥❣ t♦ ❡❛❝❤ ❞❛② T ✐♥ t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡ ❛ ♣r✐❝❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❝♦♠♠✐t♠❡♥t t♦ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r ♦♥❡ ♠❡❣❛✇❛tt✲❤♦✉r ❢♦r ❛ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❤♦✉r h ♦❢ t❤❛t s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❞❛②✱ ✐✳❡✳ t❤❡ t❡r♠ str✉❝t✉r❡ ♦❢ ❡❧❡❝tr✐❝✐t② ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ♣r✐❝❡s ❛s q✉♦t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❤♦✉r❧② ❣r❛♥✉❧❛r✐t② ❛❝r♦ss t❤❡ ♠❛t✉r✐t② ❞✐♠❡♥s✐♦♥✳ ❆❝❛❞❡♠✐❝ ❛♥❞ ✐♥❞✉str✐❛❧ r❡❧❡✈❛♥❝❡ ✿ ✶ ▼❛r❦✐♥❣ ❡♥❡r❣② ♣♦rt❢♦❧✐♦s t♦ ♠❛r❦❡t q✉♦t❡s ✭❚❡✐①❡✐r❛ ▲♦♣❡s ✭✷✵✵✼✮✮✱ ✷ ❈❛❧✐❜r❛t✐♥❣ ❛r❜✐tr❛❣❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s ✭■s❧②❛❡✈✲❉❛t❡ ✭✷✵✶✺✮✮✱ ✸ ❆♥❛❧②③✐♥❣ r✐s❦ ♣r❡♠✐❛ ✭❋r❡st❛❞✲❇❡♥t❤✲❑♦❡❦❡❜❛❦❦❡r ✭✷✵✶✵✮✮✱ ✹ ❈♦♥❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ t❡st✐♥❣ ♣r♦♣ tr❛❞✐♥❣ r✉❧❡s ✭❋✉r✐♦✲▲✉❝✐❛ ✭✷✵✵✾✮✮✱ ✺ ❈♦♥s✉♠♣t✐♦♥ ♦♣t✐♠✐③❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❡♥❡r❣②✲✐♥t❡♥s✐✈❡ ♣r♦❝❡ss❡s ✭▲✐♠❛ ✭✷✵✶✺✮✮✱ ✻ ❘❡❛❧ ♦♣t✐♦♥ ❜❛s❡❞ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❛ss❡t ✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ ✭◆❛s❛❦❦❛❧❛❛✲❋❧❡t❡♥ ✭✷✵✵✺✮✮✳ ❘✉❣❣❡r♦ ❈❛❧❞❛♥❛ ✭♣r❡s❡♥t❡r✮✱ ●✐❛♥❧✉❝❛ ❋✉s❛✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡❛ ❘♦♥❝♦r♦♥✐ ❊❧❡❝tr✐❝✐t② ❋♦r✇❛r❞ ❈✉r✈❡s ✇✐t❤ ❚❤✐♥ ●r❛♥✉❧❛r✐t②

▲✐t❡r❛t✉r❡ ❋❧❡t❡♥✲▲❡♠♠✐♥❣ ✭✷✵✵✸✮ ❜❡♥❝❤♠❛r❦ ♣❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ❝✉r✈❡ ✜tt✐♥❣ t♦ ❛ ♣r♦♣r✐❡t❛r② ❡q✉✐❧✐❜r✐✉♠ ♠♦❞❡❧✳ ❑♦❡❦❦❡❜❛❦❦❡r✲❖s❆❞❧❛♥❞ ✭✷✵✵✹✮ ❛♥❞ ❇❡♥t❤✲❑♦❡❦❡❜❛❦❦❡r✲❖❧❧♠❛r ✭✷✵✵✼✮ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡ s❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t✐❡s ✇✐t❤ s♣❧✐♥❡s ❛♥❞ ♠✐♥✐♠✐③❡ ❝✉r✈❡ ❝♦♥✈❡①✐t②✳ ❇♦r❛❦ ❛♥❞ ❲❡r♦♥ ✭✷✵✵✽✮ ♣r♦♣♦s❡ ❛ ♣❛rs✐♠♦♥✐♦✉s✱ s♠♦♦t❤✱ ❛♥❞ s❡❛s♦♥❛❧ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❝✉r✈❡✳ ❍✐❧❞♠❛♥♥✲❑❛✛❡✲❆♥❞❡rs♦♥ ✭✷✵✶✷✮ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❤♦✉r❧② ♣r✐❝❡s✳ P❛r❛s❝❤✐✈✲❋❧❡t❡♥✲❙❝❤✉r❧❡ ✭✷✵✶✺✮ ❡①t❡♥❞ ❇❡♥t❤ ❡t ❛❧✳ ✭✷✵✵✼✮ ♠❡t❤♦❞ t♦ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t ❢♦r ❤♦✉r❧② ❣r❛♥✉❧❛r✐t② ❛♥❞ ✇❡❛t❤❡r✲❧✐♥❦❡❞ ❢❛❝t♦rs✳ ❘✉❣❣❡r♦ ❈❛❧❞❛♥❛ ✭♣r❡s❡♥t❡r✮✱ ●✐❛♥❧✉❝❛ ❋✉s❛✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡❛ ❘♦♥❝♦r♦♥✐ ❊❧❡❝tr✐❝✐t② ❋♦r✇❛r❞ ❈✉r✈❡s ✇✐t❤ ❚❤✐♥ ●r❛♥✉❧❛r✐t②

■ss✉❡ ❲❡ ♣✉t ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❛ ❘❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐✈❡ ❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡❧❡❝tr✐❝✐t② ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❝✉r✈❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤✐♥ ❣r❛♥✉❧❛r✐t②✳ ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐✈❡ ❂ ❆❧❣♦r✐t❤♠✐❝✳ ❘❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ❂ ❈♦♠♣❧②✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✺ ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s✿ ❘❛✇ ♣r✐❝❡ s❡r✐❡s ✉♥❞❡r❣♦ ❛ ✜❧t❡r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❞✉r❡ t♦ ✜♥❡❧② ❞❡t❡❝t ❛♥❞ s✐♥❣❧❡ ✶ ♦✉t ❞❛t❛ ♦✉t❧✐❡rs❀ ✷ ❈✉r✈❡ s❤❛♣❡ ❡♠❜❡❞s ❛ ❝♦♠♣r❡❤❡♥s✐✈❡ ❜✉♥❞❧❡ ♦❢ ♣❡r✐♦❞✐❝❛❧ ♣❛tt❡r♥s ✉♥✈❡✐❧❡❞ ❜② ♣❛st q✉♦t❡s❀ ✸ ❈✉r✈❡ ❧❡✈❡❧ ✐s ❥♦✐♥t❧② ❝♦♥s✐st❡♥t t♦ st❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❜❛s❡❧♦❛❞ ❛♥❞ ♣❡❛❦❧♦❛❞ ❢✉t✉r❡s q✉♦t❛t✐♦♥s❀ ❈✉r✈❡ ♣❛t❤ s❛t✐s✜❡s r❡❣✉❧❛r✐t② ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ✿ s♠♦♦t❤♥❡ss✱ ♠♦♥♦t♦♥✐❝✐t② ✹ ♣r❡s❡r✈❛t✐♦♥✱ ❝r♦ss✲s❡❝t✐♦♥❛❧ st❛❜✐❧✐t②✱ t✐♠❡ ❧♦❝❛❧♥❡ss ✭❍❛❣❛♥✲❲❡st ✭✷✵✵✻✮✮❀ ✺ ❋♦r✇❛r❞ ❡st✐♠❛t❡ q✉❛❧✐t② ✐s ❛ss❡ss❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❞❡❞✐❝❛t❡❞ ❡♠♣✐r✐❝❛❧ t❡sts✳ ❘✉❣❣❡r♦ ❈❛❧❞❛♥❛ ✭♣r❡s❡♥t❡r✮✱ ●✐❛♥❧✉❝❛ ❋✉s❛✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡❛ ❘♦♥❝♦r♦♥✐ ❊❧❡❝tr✐❝✐t② ❋♦r✇❛r❞ ❈✉r✈❡s ✇✐t❤ ❚❤✐♥ ●r❛♥✉❧❛r✐t②

❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ♦❢ ❢✉t✉r❡s ♠❛r❦❡t ❞❛t❛ ❋✐❣✉r❡✿ ❋✉t✉r❡s ♠❛r❦❡t ❞❛t❛ ❢r♦♠ ❊❊❳✱ ◆♦✈❡♠❜❡r ✼✱ ✷✵✶✸✳ ❙❡tt❧❡♠❡♥t ♣r✐❝❡s ❛r❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ✐♥ ❊✉r✴▼❲❤✳ 60 Baseload Peakload 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 Jan14 Apr14 Jul14 Oct14 Feb15 May15 Aug15 Dec15 ❘✉❣❣❡r♦ ❈❛❧❞❛♥❛ ✭♣r❡s❡♥t❡r✮✱ ●✐❛♥❧✉❝❛ ❋✉s❛✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡❛ ❘♦♥❝♦r♦♥✐ ❊❧❡❝tr✐❝✐t② ❋♦r✇❛r❞ ❈✉r✈❡s ✇✐t❤ ❚❤✐♥ ●r❛♥✉❧❛r✐t②

■❞❡❛ ❘❡❞✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❦❡r♥❡❧ ✿ ✶ � τ e ♦❜s ✶ F = τ b f t ( u ) du → f t ( · ) → ❛❧❧ ♣r✐❝❡s✳ τ e − τ b ✷ ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❦❡r♥❡❧ ✿ ❆P❚ ✿ ❆r❜✐tr❛❣❡✲❢r❡❡ s♣♦t ♠♦❞❡❧ dS ( t ) → f t ( u ) := E ∗ t [ S ( u )] ❀ ❖✉r ♠❡t❤♦❞ ✐s ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t✿ f t ( u ) := Λ t ( u ) + ε t ( u ) + ϕ t ( u ) , Λ → P❡r✐♦❞✐❝❛❧ ♣❛tt❡r♥s ✭❍✐st♦r✐❝❛❧ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥✮✱ ε t → ❈❛❧✐❜r❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ❜❛s❡❧♦❛❞ ❢♦r✇❛r❞s ✭❘✐s❦✲♥❡✉tr❛❧ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥✮✱ ϕ t → ❈❛❧✐❜r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣❡❛❦❧♦❛❞ ❢♦r✇❛r❞s ✭❘✐s❦✲♥❡✉tr❛❧ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥✮✳ ❘✉❣❣❡r♦ ❈❛❧❞❛♥❛ ✭♣r❡s❡♥t❡r✮✱ ●✐❛♥❧✉❝❛ ❋✉s❛✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡❛ ❘♦♥❝♦r♦♥✐ ❊❧❡❝tr✐❝✐t② ❋♦r✇❛r❞ ❈✉r✈❡s ✇✐t❤ ❚❤✐♥ ●r❛♥✉❧❛r✐t②

❈♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ❘✉❣❣❡r♦ ❈❛❧❞❛♥❛ ✭♣r❡s❡♥t❡r✮✱ ●✐❛♥❧✉❝❛ ❋✉s❛✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡❛ ❘♦♥❝♦r♦♥✐ ❊❧❡❝tr✐❝✐t② ❋♦r✇❛r❞ ❈✉r✈❡s ✇✐t❤ ❚❤✐♥ ●r❛♥✉❧❛r✐t②

❉❛t❛ ▼❛r❦❡t ✿ ❊P❊❳ ❙♣♦t ❙❊ ❛♥❞ ❊❊❳ P♦✇❡r ❉❡r✐✈❛t✐✈❡s❀ ❉❛t❛ ✿ ❙♣♦t → ✷✹ × ✷✱✺✷✺ ♦❜s✳ ❬❏❛♥✳ ✶✱ ✷✵✵✾ ✲ ◆♦✈✳ ✷✼✱ ✷✵✶✺❪❀ � ❋♦r✇❛r❞ → ❜❛s❡❧♦❛❞ ❛♥❞ ♣❡❛❦❧♦❛❞✱ ♦♥ ◆♦✈✳ ✷✼✱ ✷✵✶✺✳ ❋✐❧t❡r✐♥❣ ✿ 100 90 Filtered prices Daily price Filtered daily trend Filter for preprocessing Identified Outliers 80 80 70 60 60 40 50 20 40 0 30 -20 20 -40 10 -60 0 Aug09 Dec10 May12 Sep13 Feb15 Aug09 Dec10 May12 Sep13 Feb15 ❘✉❣❣❡r♦ ❈❛❧❞❛♥❛ ✭♣r❡s❡♥t❡r✮✱ ●✐❛♥❧✉❝❛ ❋✉s❛✐✱ ❆♥❞r❡❛ ❘♦♥❝♦r♦♥✐ ❊❧❡❝tr✐❝✐t② ❋♦r✇❛r❞ ❈✉r✈❡s ✇✐t❤ ❚❤✐♥ ●r❛♥✉❧❛r✐t②