Towards the QoS Internet Wojciech Burakowski and Halina Tarasiuk - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Towards the QoS Internet Wojciech Burakowski and Halina Tarasiuk - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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EURO-VIEW 2007, Wuerzburg, July 23-24, Germany Towards the QoS Internet Wojciech Burakowski and Halina Tarasiuk Telecommunication Network Technologies Group Warsaw University of Technology, Poland tnt.tele.pw.edu.pl Plan Vision of QoS

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SLIDE 1

Towards the QoS Internet

Wojciech Burakowski and Halina Tarasiuk

EURO-VIEW 2007, Wuerzburg, July 23-24, Germany Telecommunication Network Technologies Group Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

tnt.tele.pw.edu.pl

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SLIDE 2

Plan

Vision of QoS Internet QoS mechanisms, algorithms and protocols Tested approaches for IP QoS

AQUILA: single domain DiffServ EuQoS: end-to-end QoS over heterogeneous networks

Summary

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SLIDE 3

Vision of QoS Internet (1)

Evolution steps of the Internet

best effort networks DiffServ architecture PHB mechanisms in commercial routers (schedulers, classifiers, markers, policers..) MPLS technology IP Premium in GEANT and some NRENs prototype solutions, as developed e.g. in European projects (EuQoS, Daidalos, MUSE, NETQOS, AQUILA TEQUILA, CADENUS, etc...)

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SLIDE 4

Vision of QoS Internet (2)

Why we need QoS ?

to open new market – QoS Internet

natural step of evolution new applications for users real business

  • QoS is really required for new challenges as

e-health systems

– for transferring life-critical information

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SLIDE 5

Vision of QoS Internet (3)

Target QoS Internet : multi-service QoS network

areas

multi-domain heterogeneous networks supporting a set of QoS Classes of Services providing absolute QoS

  • in the future

user-oriented, e.g. QoS negotiations...

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SLIDE 6

IETF Recommendations

  • RFC2474
  • K. Nichols, et al., Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6

Headers, December 1998.

  • RFC2475
  • S. Blake, et al., An Architecture for Differentiated Services, December 1998.
  • RFC2597
  • J. Heinanen, et al., Assured Forwarding PHB Group, June 1999.
  • RFC2638
  • K. Nichols, et al., A Two-bit Differentiated Services Architecture for the Internet, July 1999.
  • RFC3246
  • B. Davie, et al., An Expedited Forwarding PHB (Per-Hop-Behavior), March 2002.
  • RFC3260
  • D. Grossman, New Terminology and Clarifications for Diffserv, April 2002.
  • RFC3290
  • Y. Bernet, et al., An Informal Management Model for Diffserv Routers, May 2002.
  • RFC4594
  • J. Babiarz, et al., Configuration Guidelines for DiffServ Service Classes, Internet RFC 4594, August

2006.

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SLIDE 7

ITU-T QoS Standards for NGN

  • ITU-T Rec. Y.1540
  • IP Packet Transfer and Availability Performance Parameters, December 2002.
  • ITU-T Rec. Y.1541
  • Network Performance objectives for IP-based services, 2002.
  • ITU-T Rec. Y.2001
  • General Overview of NGN, 2004.
  • ITU-T TR Q-Series Supplement 51 (12/04)
  • Signalling requirements for IP QoS.
  • ITU-T Rec. Y.2111
  • Resource and Admission Control Functions in Next Generation Networks, 2006.
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SLIDE 8

Vision of QoS Internet (4)

user user codec codec Additional mechanisms Additional mechanisms (e.g. playback buffer) Network interface Network interface Application level Application level ITU G.1010 ITU Y.1541 Subjective assessment Network level Network level User level User level

User satisfaction of using given application For guarantying appropriate level

  • f packet losses, delays etc.

Offered a number

  • f Classes of

Service

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SLIDE 9

End-to-end CoSs: in the last Recommendation (RFC4594)

U U U

Low-Priority Data

U U U

Standard

Elastic

U 1 s not critical 10-3

High Throughput Data

U 400 ms 10-3

OAM

U 400 ms 10-3

Low Latency Data

U 1 s non critical 10-3

MM Streaming

Non-Real Time/Assured elastic

50 ms 100 ms 10-3

Broadcast Video

50 ms 100/350 ms (local/long distance 10-3

RT Interactive

50 ms 100 ms 10-3

MM Conferencing

U 100 ms 10-3

Signalling

50 ms 100/350 ms (local/long distance) 10-3

Telephony

Real Time

50 ms 100 ms 10-3

Network Control

CTRL

IPDV Mean IPTD IPLR

QoS Objectives End-To-End Service Class Treatment aggregate

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SLIDE 10

Plan

Vision of QoS Internet QoS mechanisms, algorithms and protocols Tested approaches for IP QoS

AQUILA: single domain DiffServ EuQoS: end-to-end QoS over heterogeneous networks

Summary

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SLIDE 11

QoS mechanisms, algorithms and protocols

What do we need for providing QoS ?

At the Packet level

QoS mechanisms for handling packets Connection Admission Control

QoS aware applications – for sending QoS Request to the network containing information about

Type of CoSs Required bandwidth

QoS path - QoS routing for inter- and intra- domains

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SLIDE 12

Control mechanisms in the network

Packet scheduling mechanisms To regulate the access to the transmission line for streams belonging to different CoSs Mechanisms for policing traffic Traffic policing at the network entry point

ρ pakiet zgodny σ pakiet niezgodny

Setup C a l l P r

  • c

e e d i n g

Signalling For setting the connection and for sending the QoS requirements Control Data transfer Admission Control For controlling the traffic in the network

Connect

Monitoring and measurements To support network functionalities To get information about network state – load, anomalies detection Traffic Engineering Resource allocation Network dimensioning Setting routing paths i Charging For encourage users in using the network in a rational way Network management For operator to make control on the network

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SLIDE 13

Plan

Vision of QoS Internet QoS mechanisms, algorithms and protocols Tested approaches for IP QoS

AQUILA: single domain DiffServ EuQoS: end-to-end QoS over heterogeneous networks

Summary

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SLIDE 14

(IST-1999-10077)

Adaptive Resource Control for Adaptive Resource Control for QoS QoS Using an IP Using an IP-

  • based Layered Architecture

based Layered Architecture

AQUILA(IST-1999-10077)

Adaptive Resource Control for Adaptive Resource Control for QoS QoS Using an IP Using an IP-

  • based Layered Architecture

based Layered Architecture

AQUILA

2000-2003 Types of traffic Types of traffic

Streaming Streaming Elastic Elastic CBR CBR VBR VBR Long live TCP Long live TCP Short live TCP Short live TCP Premium Premium CBR CBR Premium Premium VBR VBR Premium Premium Multi Multim media edia Premium Mission Premium Mission Critiacal Critiacal

NETWORK SERVICES NETWORK SERVICES Types of traffic Types of traffic

Streaming Streaming Elastic Elastic CBR CBR VBR VBR Long live TCP Long live TCP Short live TCP Short live TCP Premium Premium CBR CBR Premium Premium VBR VBR Premium Premium Multi Multim media edia Premium Mission Premium Mission Critiacal Critiacal

NETWORK SERVICES NETWORK SERVICES

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SLIDE 15

AQUILA architecture and concepts

  • Network services:

Premium CBR for IP Telephony and Voice Trunking

very low delay and jitter, very low loss, hard bandwidth guarantee.

Premium VBR for Video Streaming and Teleconferencing

low delay and jitter, low loss, bandwidth guarantee.

Premium Multimedia for adaptive applications (TCP), e.g. ftp

bandwidth guarantee, moderate delay.

Premium Mission Critical for interactive games, online banking

very low loss, non-greedy flows and rather small packets.

Standard

classical best effort traffic.

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SLIDE 16

AQUILA architecture and concepts

Core Router Core Router Core Router Access Network

Resource Control Layer

Access Network

Admission Control

Admission Control Agent Admission Control Agent End-user Application Toolkit Resource Control Agent

Resource Control

Edge Router Edge Router Settings QoS Request QoS Request resources resources QoS Request Settings Core Router Core Router Core Router Access Network

Resource Control Layer

Access Network

Admission Control

Admission Control Agent Admission Control Agent End-user Application Toolkit Resource Control Agent

Resource Control

Edge Router Edge Router Core Router Core Router Core Router Access Network

Resource Control Layer

Access Network

Admission Control

Admission Control Agent Admission Control Agent End-user Application Toolkit Resource Control Agent

Resource Control

Edge Router Edge Router Settings Settings QoS Request QoS Request QoS Request QoS Request resources resources resources resources QoS Request QoS Request Settings Settings

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SLIDE 17

QoS mechanisms, algorithms and protocols

Conclusions from AQUILA

It was proved and tested that providing QoS was possible We needed new functionalities

QoS aware applications CAC

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SLIDE 18

End-to End QoS over Heterogeneous Networks

Exhibitions: Brussels CER 2005, Helsinki IST 2006

2004-2007

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SLIDE 19

EuQoS Network General Overview

  • 12 different testbeds

connected via GEANT based in 10 different locations in 6 countries/NRENs on 4 different access networks technologies :

XDSL LAN WiFi UMTS MPLS

  • Countries

France Italy Poland Portugal Spain Switzerland

  • Flexible architecture with private BGP

sessions

Independent of GEANT BGP routing A path can be established through as many different ASs as required Extensible testbeds possible : addresses pools of /16 size with private addressing for each partners Full meshed 131 GRE (BE) tunnels

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SLIDE 20

Current status: Where there is / will be soon any QoS solution, it:

  • is technology dependent
  • does not have end-to-end significance

Static “SLA” Static “SLA”

ISP1 ISP2 ISP3

Off-line process xDSL WiFi Core IP network Off-line process

“QoS” connection “QoS” connection “QoS” connection

Sign. Proxy Integrated, technology independent resource management plane Sign. Proxy Sign. Proxy End-to-end QoS connection

On-line QoS sign. function On-line QoS sign. function

EuQoS solution:

  • technology-independent layer added
  • QoS signalling capabilities added to the applications (terminals)

Technology-specific resource managers

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SLIDE 21

USER 1 USER 2 EQ-SDP EQ-SIP Signaling EQ-SIP Signaling Network technology Independent sub-layer Network technology dependent sub-layer

EQ-SDP in End-to-end QoS EQ-SIP signaling

Access Network 1 QoS Domain i Access Network 2 QoS Domain k QoS Domain j RA1 RAk RAj RAi RAn RM1 RMi RMj RMk RM2 n

Virtual Network Layer

Application Application

EuQoS Architecture: Physical View

EQ EQ-

  • path

path

EQ-SDP EQ- ETP Protocols EQ- ETP Protocols EQ-NSIS EQ-NSIS EQ-NSIS EQ-NSIS EQ-SIP proxy EQ-SIP proxy

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SLIDE 22

USER 1 USER 2 EQ-SDP EQ-SIP Signaling EQ-SIP Signaling Network technology Independent sub-layer Network technology dependent sub-layer

EQ-SDP in End-to-end QoS EQ-SIP signaling

Access Network 1 QoS Domain i Access Network 2 QoS Domain k QoS Domain j RA1 RAk RAj RAi RAn RM1 RMi RMj RMk RM2 n

Virtual Network Layer

Application Application EQ-SDP EQ- ETP Protocols EQ- ETP Protocols EQ-NSIS EQ-NSIS EQ-NSIS EQ-NSIS EQ-SIP proxy EQ-SIP proxy USER 1 USER 2 EQ-SDP EQ-SIP Signaling EQ-SIP Signaling Network technology Independent sub-layer Network technology dependent sub-layer

EQ-SDP in End-to-end QoS EQ-SIP signaling

Access Network 1 QoS Domain i Access Network 2 QoS Domain k QoS Domain j RA1 RAk RAj RAi RAn RM1 RMi RMj RMk RM2 n

Virtual Network Layer

Application Application EQ-SDP EQ- ETP Protocols EQ- ETP Protocols EQ-NSIS EQ-NSIS EQ-NSIS EQ-NSIS EQ-SIP proxy EQ-SIP proxy

Software mapping over architecture

A-SSN ASIG ASIG A-SSN QCM QCM

TERO MMFM

APP APP ETP

XQOS

ETP

XQOS

MCAST MCAST Application Application

Call Control RA-SSN Q-SSN CAC Call Control CAC CAC Call Control CAC Call Control Q-SSN CAC RA-SSN Call Control RM-SSN RM-SSN RM-SSN RM-SSN RM-SSN RM-SSN RM-SSN RM-SSN RA RA RA RA RA TERO MMFM TERO MMFM TERO MMFM TERO MMFM MMS MMS MMS MMS MMS RA-SSN RA-SSN RA-SSN

SAAA CHAR SAAA CHAR

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SLIDE 23

Selected problems from EuQoS (1)

QoS BGP: QoS Border Gateway Protocol

To add QoS objectives to BGP QoS objectives: Classes of Services and the values of the parameters IPTD, IPTV and IPLR In the source domain to perform e2e CAC – checking if there exists QoS path between source-destination domains Solution implemented and tested in the EuQoS testbeds

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SLIDE 24

Selected problems from EuQoS (2)

QoS Framework implementation

To define end-to-end Classes of services To implement end-to-end Classes of Services in particular network technologies:

WiFi, LAN/Ethernet, xDSL, UMTS and inter-domain links

Solution implemented and tested

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SLIDE 25

Provisioning and call handling processes

End-to-end QoS path

QoS domain path QoS domain path QoS domain path QoS inter- domain path QoS inter- domain path

QoS signalling QoS routing – qBGP (path)

QoS Request QoS Request QoS Request QoS Request QoS Request QoS Request

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SLIDE 26

End-to-end CoSs in EuQoS

U U U

Low-Priority Data

U U U

Standard

Elastic

U 1 s not critical 10-3

High ThruPut Data

U 400 ms 10-3

OAM

U 400 ms 10-3

Low Latency Data

U 1 s non critical 10-3

MM Streaming

Non-Real Time/Assured elastic

50 ms 100 ms 10-3

Broadcast Video

50 ms 100/350 ms (local/long distance) 10-3

RT Interactive

50 ms 100 ms 10-3

MM Conferencing

U 100 ms 10-3

Signalling

50 ms 100/350 ms (local/long distance) 10-3

Telephony

Real Time

50 ms 100 ms 10-3

Network Control

CTRL

IPDV Mean IPTD IPLR

QoS Objectives End-To-End Service Class Treatment aggregate

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SLIDE 27

Implementation of CoS concept

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SLIDE 28

Selected problems from EuQoS (3)

Signalling system including scalability assessment

Signalling: for transferring QoS request along the QoS path – for resource reservations Signalling in the system:

At different levels: application, technology independent and in

particular domains

Evaluation of performances of signalling system

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SLIDE 29

Signalling system – call handling

  • Ingress/Egress

Domain Ingress/Egress Domain Transit Domain Transit Domain

  • Ingress/Egress

Domain Ingress/Egress Domain Transit Domain Transit Domain Ingress/Egress Domain Ingress/Egress Domain Transit Domain Transit Domain

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SLIDE 30

Call scenario for two domains (TI/TD layer)

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SLIDE 31

Ingress domain

A-SSN E2E CAC Domain CAC RA-SSN RM-DB

RM

Devices

RA

RA-SSN RA Controller RA-DB RM-SSN RM-SSN CC CC E2E CAC RM-DB RM-DB Domain CAC RM-DB Domain CAC RA-SSN RA-SSN 1 2 3 4 5 7 7 8 RA Controller 9 10 RA-DB 11 12 13 RA Controller RA-DB 14 RA Controller 15 RA-DB 17 RA-SSN 17 18 Domain CAC 19 22 CC RM-SSN 22 24 RA-SSN 24 CAC algorithms 20 RM-DB 25 RA Controller 26 RA-DB 27 RA Controller 28 29 Devices 30 31 RA-DB 32 UN modules 33 RA Controller 34 RA-DB 35 RA Controller 36 RA-SSN 36 37 Domain CAC 38 CC 39 RM-DB 1 RM-SSN 1 CC 2 RM-DB RM-SSN 3 23 Domain CAC 3 CC

RM-RA link (7) RA Procesor (5) RA Database (6) Devices (8) RM Procesor (1) RM Database (2) RM-RM link (4) RM-RA link (3)

RM RA 16 RA Controller 21 CC

1,1 ( 1 ) 1,1 ( 1 ) 1,2 ( 1 ) 1,3 ( 2 ) 1,4 ( 1 ) 1,5 ( 2 ) 1,6 ( 1 ) 1,2 ( 1 ) 1,3 ( 2 ) 1,4 ( 1 ) 1,5 ( 2 ) 1,7 ( 3 ) 1,9 ( 6 ) 1,8 ( 5 ) 1,6 ( 1 ) 1,7 ( 3 ) 1,10 ( 5 ) 1,11-1 ( 5 ) 1,12-1 ( 6 ) 1,13-1 ( 5 ) 1,14 ( 5 ) 1,15 ( 6 ) 1,16 ( 5 ) 1,17 ( 7 ) 1,8 ( 5 ) 1,9 ( 6 ) 1,10 ( 5 ) 1,11-1 ( 5 ) 1,12-1 ( 6 ) 1,13-1 ( 5 ) 1,14 ( 5 ) 1,15 ( 6 ) 1,16 ( 5 ) 1,17 ( 7 ) 1,25 ( 5 ) 1,26 ( 6 ) 1,27 ( 5 ) 1,28 ( 5 ) 1,29 ( 8 ) 1,30 ( 5 ) 1,31 ( 6 ) 1,32 ( 5 ) 1,33 ( 5 ) 1,34 ( 6 ) 1,35 ( 5 ) 1,36 ( 7 ) 1,25 ( 5 ) 1,26 ( 6 ) 1,27 ( 5 ) 1,28 ( 5 ) 1,29 ( 8 ) 1,30 ( 5 ) 1,31 ( 6 ) 1,32 ( 5 ) 1,33 ( 5 ) 1,36 ( 7 ) 1,34 ( 6 ) 1,35 ( 5 ) 1,18 ( 1 ) 1,20 ( 2 ) 1,21 ( 1 ) 1,22 ( 4 ) 1,23 ( 1 ) 1,24 ( 3 ) 1,37 ( 1 ) 1,38 ( 1 ) 1,39 ( 2 ) 4,1 ( 1 ) 4,2 ( 2 ) 4,3 ( 1 ) 1,18 ( 1 ) 1,19 ( 1 ) 1,19 ( 1 ) 1,20 ( 2 ) 1,21 ( 1 ) 1,22 ( 4 ) 1,23 ( 1 ) 1,24 ( 3 ) 1,37 ( 1 ) 1,38 ( 1 ) 1,39 ( 2 ) 4,1 ( 1 ) 4,2 ( 2 ) 4,3 ( 1 )

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SLIDE 32

Exemplary results referring to setup delay

  • Preliminary conclusions about signalling:
  • we can expect the same performances as for signalling system in PSTN
  • rather to shift network complexity to the access while maintain simply core
  • handling signalling in access looks that is not so critical

average set-up delay

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 call/sec delay [s]

ingress domain

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SLIDE 33

Plan

Vision of QoS Internet QoS mechanisms, algorithms and protocols Tested approaches for IP QoS

AQUILA: single domain DiffServ EuQoS: end-to-end QoS over heterogeneous networks

Summary

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SLIDE 34

Summary

There is a lot of activities in ITC area based on the assumption that QoS at the network level is solved (but is not solved) Some of unsolved problems related to QoS;

End-to-end Classes of Services are quite well defined but not direct mapping to the Classes of Services defined for each technology Not available QoS-aware applications

Not fully tested solutions

Signalling for resource reservations

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SLIDE 35

References

  • X. Masip-Bruin, et al., The EuQoS System: A solution for QoS Routing in

Heterogeneous Networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol.45 No.2, February 2007.

  • J. Mongay Batalla and R. Janowski, Provisioning dedicated class of service for

reliable transfer of signaling traffic, ITC20, Canada, June 2007.

  • W. Burakowski, et al., On Multi-Domain Connection Admission Control in the

EuQoS System, In Proc. of 15th IST Mobile Summit, Greece 2006.

  • O. Dugeon, et al., End to End Quality of Service over Heterogeneous Networks

(EuQoS), In Proc. of NetCon'05, France, November 2005.

  • H. Tarasiuk, R. Janowski, W. Burakowski, Admissible traffic load of real time

class of service for inter-domain peers, In Proc. of ICAS/ICNS 2005, October 2005.