QoS in 5G: Enhancements for Connected Cars 5G V2X Communications - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
QoS in 5G: Enhancements for Connected Cars 5G V2X Communications Summer School Kings College London, UK Massimo Condoluci Ericsson Research 2018-06-12 Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21 Agenda Background on QoS What is QoS? 5G QoS
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
5G V2X Communications Summer School King’s College London, UK
Massimo Condoluci Ericsson Research 2018-06-12
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Background on QoS
— What is QoS? — 5G QoS framework
QoS: V2X needs
— V2X use cases — V2X features
Trends in V2X QoS
— Spatial QoS — Action-oriented QoS — Application-QoS adaptation
Final remarks
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Background on QoS
— What is QoS? — 5G QoS framework
QoS: V2X needs
— V2X use cases — V2X features
Trends in V2X QoS
— Spatial QoS — Action-oriented QoS — Application-QoS adaptation
Final remarks
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Improve end-user satisfaction — Provide desired requirements
Quality of Service (QoS) is the ability to diversify different applications, based
features and requirements
Goals for QoS?
https://goo.gl/63LYDv
Improve network efficiency — Understand different types of traffic — Diversify traffic treatment
https://goo.gl/KPdHXD
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
PDR (Packet Detection Rule) User Plane Function (UPF) Packet routing & forwarding, Policy rule enforcement, QoS handling QFI (QoS Flow ID) For IP PDU Session Type, the Packet Filter Set shall support packet filtering based on at least any combination of: — Source/destination IP address or IPv6 prefix — Source / destination port number — Protocol ID of the protocol above IP/Next header type — Type of Service (TOS) (IPv4) / Traffic class (IPv6) and Mask — Flow Label (IPv6) — Security parameter index — Packet Filter direction AN UPF UE
Data packets from applications QoS rules (mapping UL packets to QoS flows and apply QoS flow marking) Mapping QoS flows to AN Resources QoS Flow (all packets marked with the same QFI) PDU Session PDRs (classify packets for QoS flow marking and other actions)
Application /Service Layer
AN Resources
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Parameters defining the QoS Flow Description GBR Flow Non-GBR Flow
5G QoS Identifier (5QI)
A reference to 5G QoS characteristics
✓ ✓
Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP)
Three aspects:
assigned to another service data flow with a lower priority level
in order to admit a service data flow with higher priority level
✓ ✓
Reflective QoS Attribute
It indicates that certain traffic (not necessarily all) carried on this QoS Flow is subject to Reflective QoS
✓ ✓
Guaranteed Flow Bit Rate (GFBR) UL/DL
The bit rate that is guaranteed to be provided by the network to a GBR and Delay Critical GBR QoS Flow, over the Averaging Time Window
✓
Maximum Flow Bit Rate (MFBR) UL/DL
The MFBR limits the bit rate that is expected by a GBR QoS Flow (e.g. excess traffic may get discarded
✓
Notification Control
It indicates whether notifications are requested from the RAN when the GFBR can no longer (or again) be fulfilled for a QoS Flow during the lifetime of the QoS Flow
✓
Maximum Packet Loss Rate UL/DL
The maximum rate for lost packets of the QoS flow that can be tolerated in the uplink and downlink direction
✓
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Parameters in the 5QI Description Delay Critical GBR GBR Non-GBR
Resource Type
GBR, delay critical GBR or Non-GBR
✓ ✓ ✓
Priority Level
Used to differentiate between QoS Flows of the same UE, and it shall also be used to differentiate between QoS Flows from different UEs
✓ ✓ ✓
Packet Delay Budget (PDB)
PDB defines an upper bound for the time that a packet may be delayed between the UE and the UPF (for GBR flows, the PDB shall be interpreted as a maximum delay with a confidence level of 98 percent if the QoS flow is not exceeding the GFBR) For a delay critical GBR QoS flows, a packet delayed more than PDB is counted as lost (it can be either delivered or discarded depending on implementation) if the transmitted data burst is less than Maximum Data Burst Volume within the period of PDB, the QoS flow is not exceeding the GFBR. For Non-GBR Flows, In uncongested scenarios, 98 percent of the packets should not experience a delay exceeding the 5QI's PDB.
✓ ✓ ✓
Packet Error Rate (PER)
The PER defines an upper bound for a rate of non-congestion related packet losses
✓ ✓ ✓
Averaging Window
Defined only for GBR QoS Flows, it represents the duration over which the GFBR and MFBR shall be calculated (e.g. (R)AN, UPF, UE).
✓ ✓
Maximum Data Burst Volume
The largest amount of data that the 5G-AN is required to serve within a period of 5G-AN PDB
✓
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
5QI Value Resource Type Default Priority Level Packet Delay Budget Packet Error Rate Default Maximum Data Burst Volume (NOTE 2) Default Averaging Window Example Services 10 Delay Critical GBR 11 5 ms 10-5 160 B TBD Remote control (see TS 22.261 [2]) 11 NOTE 4 12 10 ms NOTE 5 10-5 320 B TBD Intelligent transport systems 12 13 20 ms 10-5 640 B TBD 16 NOTE 4 18 10 ms 10-4 255 B TBD Discrete Automation 17 NOTE 4 19 10 ms 10-4 1358 B NOTE 3 TBD Discrete Automation 1 GBR NOTE 1 20 100 ms 10-2 N/A TBD Conversational Voice 2 40 150 ms 10-3 N/A TBD Conversational Video (Live Streaming) 3 30 50 ms 10-3 N/A TBD Real Time Gaming, V2X messages Electricity distribution – medium voltage, Process automation - monitoring 4 50 300 ms 10-6 N/A TBD Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming) 65 7 75 ms 10-2 N/A TBD Mission Critical user plane Push To Talk voice (e.g., MCPTT) 66 20 100 ms 10-2 N/A TBD Non-Mission-Critical user plane Push To Talk voice 75 25 50 ms 10-2 N/A TBD V2X messages E NOTE 4 18 10 ms 10-4 255 B TBD Discrete Automation F NOTE 4 19 10 ms 10-4 1358 B NOTE 3 TBD Discrete Automation 5 Non-GBR NOTE 1 10 100 ms 10-6 N/A N/A
IMS Signalling
6 60 300 ms 10-6 N/A N/A
Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-based (e.g., www, e- mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive video, etc.)
7 70 100 ms 10-3 N/A N/A
Voice, Video (Live Streaming) Interactive Gaming
8 80 300 ms 10-6 N/A N/A
Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-based (e.g., www, e- mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
9 90 N/A N/A
sharing, progressive video, etc.)
69 5 60 ms 10-6 N/A N/A
Mission Critical delay sensitive signalling (e.g., MC-PTT signalling)
70 55 200 ms 10-6 N/A N/A
Mission Critical Data (e.g. example services are the same as QCI 6/8/9)
79 65 50 ms 10-2 N/A N/A
V2X messages
80 66 10 ms 10-6 N/A N/A
Low Latency eMBB applications Augmented Reality
NOTE 1: a packet which is delayed more than PDB is not counted as lost, thus not included in the PER. NOTE 2: it is required that default Maximum Data Burst Volume is supported by a PLMN supporting the related 5QIs. NOTE 3: This Maximum Burst Size value is intended to avoid IP fragmentation on an IPv6 based, IPSec protected, GTP tunnel to the 5G-AN node. NOTE 4: A delay of 1 ms for the delay between a UPF terminating N6 and a 5G-AN should be subtracted from a given PDB to derive the packet delay budget that applies to the radio interface. NOTE 5:The jitter for this service is assumed to be 20 msec as per TS 22.261 [2].
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
AN UPF UE
Data packets from applications QoS rules (mapping UL packets to QoS flows and apply QoS flow marking) Mapping QoS flows to AN Resources QoS Flow (all packets marked with the same QFI) PDU Session PDRs (classify packets for QoS flow marking and other actions)
Application /Service Layer
AN Resources
QoS Flow: — 5QI — ARP — Reflective QoS — GFBR — MFBR — Notification Control — Maximum Packet Loss Rate 5QI: — Resource Type — Priority level — PDB — PER — Averaging Window — Maximum Data Burst volume 3GPP introduced DASH-Aware Network Element (DANE) to support Server and Network Assisted DASH (SAND)
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Background on QoS
— What is QoS? — 5G QoS framework
QoS: V2X needs
— V2X use cases — V2X features
Trends in V2X QoS
— Spatial QoS — Action-oriented QoS — Application-QoS adaptation
Final remarks
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Map
Sensing vehicles can transmit — Raw data (lidar images, etc.) — Object identification (type of object, position, size, etc.)
Changes compared to current map Updated map Map generation
Maps have static and dynamic layers Dynamic information should be delivered before the vehicle reaches the area of interest
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Feedback Trajectory and maneuver instructions Road conditions Status information of neighboring RVs
HV
Traffic conditions Feedback Trajectory and maneuver instructions
HV
Video Location, speed, etc. Audio
— Some vehicles are able to drive autonomously (less critical command/feedback requirements) — Reach a certain point, suggested speed, etc. — Non-autonomous vehicles have strict command/feedback requirements — Accelerate, brake, steer, etc.
Location, speed, etc.
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
The platoon share the same behavior — Trajectory, speed, inter-vehicle distance, etc. — Even for sensor-equipped platoons, all members need to have a synced platoon behavior Communications among platoon members can be either cellular (Uu) or sidelink (PC5, etc.)
Platoon leader Platoon behavior and position, Speed, etc. Platoon behavior can be either set by the platoon leader
Platoon behavior and position, Speed, etc.
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V)
Control
Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)
control
infrastructure
coverage Vehicle to Pedestrian (V2P)
Pedestrian Collision
European Commissions 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Traffic heterogeneity
— Location, speed, trajectory, etc. — Command/feedback — Raw data (images, etc.) — Video
Huge amount of data
— Mainly for HD/3D maps — Both in UL/DL
Traffic delivery within spatial deadlines
— Notify presence of an obstacle before the vehicles reaches the interested area
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Background on QoS
— What is QoS? — 5G QoS framework
QoS: V2X needs
— V2X use cases — V2X features
Trends in V2X QoS
— Spatial QoS — Action-oriented QoS — Application-QoS adaptation
Final remarks
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
A large portion of V2X application deal with spatial-related information — Presence of unexpected object in a certain location, HD/3D map layers, etc. QoS has to consider the spatial dimension of V2X information to guarantee delivery within the spatial deadline (improved efficiency, cost reduction) Issues: — Mapping spatial latency calculation to cell coverage — Real-time available bandwidth calculation
High load Medium Load No load 20MB 1MB
Spatial latency
Start delivering 20MB Start delivering 1MB
Reference area Spatial latency
High load Medium Load
Reference area PDB
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
The lane merge involves an action that has a certain duration (10s of seconds) — From the moment the merging vehicle is detected, until the vehicle merged successfully
Inter-vehicle distance Gap Merge in
Controller Managing involved vehicles and setting trajectories, speeds,
safe merging
QoS has to be provided for the whole duration of the action, a change of QoS while the action is happening might involve issues (worst case, safety implications) Issues: — Action identification (duration, involved area, etc.) — Group-QoS to guarantee a proper traffic treatment for all actors involved in the action
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
The driving behavior is affected by the achievable QoS, and the adaptation of driving behavior has delays due to mechanical actions (braking, accelerating, steering, etc.) — Information delivery delay (commands, feedback, HD/3D map layers, etc.), reliability, coverage, etc. Achievable QoS impacts the driving behavior of V2X services, an abrupt QoS change might have safety implications or involving loosing control of the vehicles
Issues: — Interaction between application and network — In-advance notification (prediction, adaptation interval, …) — What is “bad QoS”? What’s the impact on driving behavior?
Good QoS (low load, good coverage, etc.) Bad QoS (high load, low coverage, etc.) 50 km/h 30 km/h 50 km/h! QoS degradation! 30 km/h 50 km/h Good QoS (low load, low interference, etc.) Bad QoS (high load, high interference, etc.) 70 km/h 5m inter-truck distance 50 km/h 8m inter-truck distance Reduce to 30 km/h Adaptation Adaptation
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Background on QoS
— What is QoS? — 5G QoS framework
QoS: V2X needs
— V2X use cases — V2X features
Trends in V2X QoS
— Spatial QoS — Action-oriented QoS — Application-QoS adaptation
Final remarks
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Unprecedented QoS features — QoS impacting the driving behavior — Group of vehicles associated to the same service and influencing each other — Heterogeneous traffic types associated to the same V2X service — Services with limited duration — Spatial dimension to be considered for traffic delivery Current trends — Action-oriented QoS — Spatial QoS — Application-QoS adaptation Open issues — Accurate mapping of V2X needs to QoS — V2X application design is happening now — Application-network interaction — Interfaces, protocols, time intervals, etc. — Prediction of network behavior — QoS for sidelink communications — QoS framework definition — Prediction of sidelink behavior