Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) testing in Liquid Oxygen (LOX) B J - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) testing in Liquid Oxygen (LOX) B J - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) testing in Liquid Oxygen (LOX) B J Meneghelli 1 , R E Obregon 2 , H R Ross 2 , B J Hebert 2 , J P Sass 3 and G E Dirschka 3 1 Vencore ESC, Cryogenics Test Laboratory, KSC, FL 32899 USA 2 NASA Stennis Space Center,

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SLIDE 1

Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) testing in Liquid Oxygen (LOX)

B J Meneghelli1, R E Obregon2, H R Ross2, B J Hebert2, J P Sass3 and G E Dirschka3

1Vencore ESC, Cryogenics Test Laboratory, KSC, FL 32899 USA 2NASA Stennis Space Center, SSC, MS 39529, USA 3NASA Kennedy Space Center, KSC, FL 32899, USA

June 30, 2015 CEC Conference, Tucson, AZ 1

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SLIDE 2

THC testin ing in in LOX

  • Background
  • Test Facility
  • Test Hardware
  • Test Results
  • Conclusions

June 30, 2015 CEC Conference, Tucson, AZ 2

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SLIDE 3

THC testin ing in in LOX

  • Background
  • Limits on THC levels in LOX are based on customer requirements
  • THC levels in LOX delivered to SSC
  • Vendor sample analysis not in agreement with SSC sample analysis
  • SSC analysis showed HIGHER THC values compared to vendor reported data
  • Increased lab analysis of LOX; increased SSC costs
  • THC levels in storage/run tanks
  • Increased over time
  • Consequences
  • LOX losses due to dumping of out of spec commodity
  • Increased commodity costs due to additional sample analysis
  • Program testing delays
  • Mitigation opportunities

June 30, 2015 CEC Conference, Tucson, AZ 3

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SLIDE 4

June 30, 2015 CEC Conference, Tucson, AZ 4

THC Testin ing in in LOX

SSC Test Stand – LOX Storage Tank SSC Test Stand

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SLIDE 5

June 30, 2015 CEC Conference, Tucson, AZ 5

THC Testin ing in in LOX

SSC Test Stand

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SLIDE 6

THC Testin ing in in LOX

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SSC Test Stand LOX Run Tank

Flanged interface

85% fill level (SP 2) 70% fill level (SP 3) 55% fill level (SP 4) 40% fill level (SP 5) 25% fill level (SP 6) 15% fill level (SP 7) 5% fill level (SP 8)

LOX Run Tank Dip Tube Diagram

28 ft (11,500 gals) Tank Bottom (SP 1)

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SLIDE 7

THC Testin ing in in LOX

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Flanged Interface Dip Tube Valving

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SLIDE 8

Property Units Parahydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Methane Krypton Normal boiling point (NBP) °F

  • 423.18
  • 320.43
  • 297.33
  • 258.67
  • 244.16

Density lbm/ft3 4.42 50.32 71.24 26.37 150.86 Heat of vaporization Btu/lbm 191.89 85.69 91.66 219.76 46.06 Specific Heat, Cp Btu/lbm-°R 2.325 0.488 0.406 0.832 0.124 Viscosity lbm/ft-sec 8.957E-06 1.079E-04 1.308E-04 7.849E-05 2.742E-04 Thermal conductivity Btu/hr-ft-°F 0.05981 0.0837 0.08717 0.10623 0.06354 Critical temperature °F

  • 400.38
  • 232.52
  • 181.42
  • 116.65
  • 82.61

Critical pressure psia 186.49 492.52 731.43 667.06 801.33 Temperature at triple point °F

  • 434.82
  • 346.00
  • 361.82
  • 296.42
  • 251.28

Pressure at triple point psia 1.02 1.82 0.02 1.70 10.67

Cryogenic Properties of Select Fluids at NBP THC Testin ing in in LOX

June 30, 2015 CEC Conference, Tucson, AZ 8

SSC Gas & Materials Science

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SLIDE 9

June 30, 2015 CEC Conference, Tucson, AZ 9

THC Testin ing in in LOX THC Data (LOX Run Tank)

Sample Date Elapsed Time From Initial Fill (Days) DT 1 (85% Full) DT 2 (70% Full) DT 3 (55% Full) DT 4 (40% Full) DT 5 (25% Full) DT 6 (15% Full) DT 7 (5% Full) Tank Bottom 03/12/15 35.4 03/16/15 4 39.3 38.5 39 40.6 39.1 39.2 37.9 43.9 03/23/15 11 13.9 40.1 43.1 41.3 40.9 41.1 40.3 41.6 03/31/15 19 14.97 33.12 39.3 41.7 40 42.2 40.1 52.4 04/06/15 25 15.9 32.7 44.9 43.1 43.7 43.8 43.7 50.2 04/13/15 32 17 34.1 16.8 52.3 48.7 48.9 50 55.5 04/21/15 40 18.9 27.7 19 52.7 52.8 54.4 52.8 65.5 04/27/15 46 20.8 27.1 20.8 20.6 64.2 66.8 61.7 74.4 05/04/15 53 23.2 26.3 23.4 23.4 69.6 71.2 73.7 88.7 05/11/15 60 28.3 34.3 28.1 28 28.2 95.3 92.3 120 05/18/15 67 36.7 42.6 36.3 35.6 36.3 36.7 132.4 135.1 05/26/15 75 66.9 68.64 65.59 67.46 71.3 72.46 362.3 05/29/15 78 133 699

NOTE: Values in Yellow are from Vapor samples

THC Values (ppm) - ALL VALUES

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SLIDE 10

June 30, 2015 CEC Conference, Tucson, AZ 10

THC Testin ing in in LOX

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 THC (ppm) Days (Post Fill)

LOX Run Tank (Dip Tube THC Values) (Tank Filled: 03/12/15)

DT 1 (Tank 85% Full) DT 2 (Tank 70% Full) DT 3 (Tank 55% Full) DT 4 (Tank 40% Full) DT 5 (Tank 25% Full) DT 6 (Tank 15% Full) DT 7 (Tank 5% Full) Tank Bottom

LIQUID VALUES ONLY 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 15 5 ( % Tank Fill)

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SLIDE 11

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THC Testin ing in in LOX

133 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 THC (ppm) Days (Post Fill)

LOX Run Tank (Dip Tube THC Values) (Tank Filled: 03/12/15)

DT 1 (Tank 85% Full) DT 2 (Tank 70% Full) DT 3 (Tank 55% Full) DT 4 (Tank 40% Full) DT 5 (Tank 25% Full) DT 6 (Tank 15% Full) DT 7 (Tank 5% Full) Tank Bottom

VAPOR VALUES ONLY 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 15 5 ( % Tank Fill) Day 78: Tank 5% Level Melon Sample

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SLIDE 12

June 30, 2015 CEC Conference, Tucson, AZ 12

THC Testin ing in in LOX

35 55 104 127 362 699 35 56 103 134 362 699

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 THC/CH4 ppm

Days (Post Fill)

LOX Run Tank THC & CH4 Analysis

CH4 Values (Average) THC Values (Average)

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 15 5 ( % Tank Fill)

CH4 values not available; analyzer

  • ut of service
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SLIDE 13

June 30, 2015 CEC Conference, Tucson, AZ 13

SSC Gas & Materials Science

THC Testin ing in in LOX

67 127 362 699 53 114 508 1141

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Kr ppm CH4 ppm

Days (Post Fill)

LOX Run Tank CH4 & Krypton Analysis

CH4 Values (Average) Krypton Values (Average)

CH4 & Kr Inversions 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 15 5 ( % Tank Fill)

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SLIDE 14

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SSC Gas & Materials Science

THC Testin ing in in LOX

24 24 29 37 69 133 45 76 103 134 362 699

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 THC Avg in LOX (ppm) THC Avg in GOX (ppm)

Days(Post Fill

THC in LOX Run Tank GOX Headspace vs LOX

THC Avg in GOX THC Avg in LOX

THC Relationship Forms Between GOX & LOX No THC Relationship Between GOX & LOX 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 15 5 ( % Tank Fill)

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SLIDE 15
  • Mitigation of THC values
  • Dilution method developed
  • Based on simple chemistry of solutions
  • Does not account for potential transfer losses or boil-off

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THC Testin ing in in LOX

Initial Volume (gallons) Initial Volume THC (ppm) Added Volume (gallons) Added Volume THC (ppm) Final Volume (gallons) Final Volume THC (ppm) Final Volume THC (ppm) [PREDICTED] % Diff (Predicted vs Measured) Tank 1 (Horizontal) 9800 55.6 12300 18 22100 34.1 34.7 1.8 Tank 2 (Horizontal) 35400 112.4 12200 57.1 47600 101.7 99

  • 2.7
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SLIDE 16

THC testin ing in in LOX

  • SUMMARY
  • THC values increase over time in tanks due to boil-off
  • Stratification of THC in tanks may be present
  • May occur when tank volume is less than 50%
  • Mitigations
  • Work with vendor to consistently obtain LOX with lower THC
  • Dumping of some LOX from tanks and/or dilution with low THC LOX
  • Using LOX with a high THC value to chill run lines followed by tank dilution with low THC

LOX

  • Modeling of THC rise in tanks and projected THC levels over time can assist engine test

programs

  • Replicate testing of LOX Run Tank in progress

June 30, 2015 CEC Conference, Tucson, AZ 16

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SLIDE 17

Acknowledgements

  • Stennis Space Center
  • Bartt Hebert for support and guidance
  • LOX Test Stand Personnel (Rosa Obregon, Skip Roberts, et al)
  • Gas & Materials Science Laboratory Personnel (H.R. Ross, et al)
  • LOX Sample personnel
  • Steve Taylor, Phil Kopfinger, Billy Davis
  • Kennedy Space Center
  • Barry Meneghelli
  • Eric Dirschka
  • Jared Sass
  • Claire Offer

June 30, 2015 CEC Conference, Tucson, AZ 17

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SLIDE 18

Backup In Information

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SLIDE 19

P-T Diagram for Methane and Oxygen

  • LOX temperature at the normal boiling point (NBP) is -297.33°F and is lower than the

methane fusion temperature of -296.38°F at 14.7 psia; hence methane may be in the solid state when LOX is at the NBP. Also, Methane NBP = -259°F so LOX will boil first.

P = 14.7 psia Methane Fusion Line Oxygen Vaporization Line Solid Region (Methane) Liquid Region (Methane) Methane Vaporization Line Vapor Region (Methane) Methane NBP = -259 F

June 30, 2015 CEC Conference, Tucson, AZ 19

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SLIDE 20

Cosmodyne TYPE TTU-131 Cryogenic Sampler

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