TOEIC Preparation Week 6
Reading Section Part V: Sentence Completion Part VI: Passage Completion • 40 sentences • 3 passages • One or more word missing • 4 blanks per passage • Choose the correct option • Choose the correct option from 4 choices from 4 choices
Strategy • Read each item and try to guess missing word • Look for this word amongst answers • Identify question type • Look for relevant clues
Question Types • Word choice • Word forms • Verbs • Prepositions
Grammar Common testing points & practice
Word Choice • Testing : vocabulary, grammar • Identify : 4 answer choices look alike or have similar meanings • Prepare : knowledge of word forms, functions, meanings
Function Words Enough/too No/none/not So/such After/afterwards Most/most of Much/many the/almost/the most Little/few Yet/still/anymore/alrea Amount/number dy Alike/like Any/some Similar/the same Ever/never Between/among
Practice 1. The suitcase was (so/such) heavy that I couldn’t lift it. 2. (Most/most of the/almost/the most) people enjoy music. 3. Has he arrived (yet/still/anymore/already)? 4. There aren’t (any/some) rooms available. 5. Have you (ever/never) gone skydiving? 6. There is (no/none) coffee in the pot. 7. We’ll go to the theatre first and dinner (after/afterwards). 8. (Little/few) research has been done in that field. 9. The two languages are (like/alike) in many respects. 10. The man divided his estate (between/among) his children.
Connecting Words Connecting two parts of a sentence: • Cause-effect (because, since, therefore, as…) • Contrast (however, nevertheless, yet, but, while, whereas, although, even though, despite, in despite of…) • Alternatives (or, nor) • Development (moreover, furthermore…) • Timing (after, before…)
Connecting Words Connecting two elements within a sentence: • Similar (and, both… and…, not only… but also…) • Contrast (but, yet…) • Alternatives (or, either… or …, neither… nor…)
Practice A) Nor B) and C) or D) but E) so 1. My desk is usually messy, ___ yours is clean. 2. I don’t think we should discuss it now, ___ do I think we should vote on it. 3. You can use the front door ___ the side door. 4. We ran out of paper, ___ we had to borrow some.
Practice A) Both B) either C) but also D) nor E) or 1. She plans to buy ___ or a small truck 2. I studied English not only in the US ___ in the UK. 3. We visited ___ Houston and Dallas. 4. Neither a tennis court ___ a squash court is available for Saturday.
Word Forms Testing : grammar Identify : 4 answer choices are different forms of the same base word Practice : parts of speech, word endings
Parts of speech Common noun endings Common noun endings (people) -tion information -er writer -ence experience -or governor -ance acceptance -ity creativity -ist psychologist -ness happiness -ee retiree -ery recovery -ic comic -ship friendship -ism industrialism -ian technician -logy biology -ment experiment
Parts of speech Common adjective endings Common verb endings -ate moderate -ize sanitize -ous ominous -en lengthen -al normal -ing interesting -er recover -ed bored -ify notify -able comfortable -ible sensible -ate incorporate -ile fertile -y sunny -ic economic -ical logical -ial remedial -less hopeless -ful colourful -ive competetive
Practice A) advice B) advise C) advisor D) advisable 1. What do you _____ me to do? 2. You should ask Paul for some _____. 3. Do you think that changing jobs is _____?
Practice A) Politics B) political C) politicians D) politically 1. What this country needs is honest _____. 2. I never discuss religion or _____ at dinner. 3. She had less _____ experience than him.
Practice A) Lost B) losing C) lose D) loss 1. Will your insurance cover your _____? 2. When did you _____ your watch? 3. I was unable to retrieve the _____ data.
Verbs • Testing : grammar • Identify : 4 answer choices are different forms of the same verb • Practice : tenses, voices, conjugation
Tenses Review uses + form: • Present simple / continuous / perfect • Past simple / continuous / perfect • Future simple / continuous / perfect
Conditionals 1 st conditional : present simple + future simple If John is at the meeting, we will ask him… 2 nd conditional : past simple + would + simple form If John were here, we would ask him… 3 rd conditional : past perfect + would have + pp If John had been here, we would have asked him…
Active vs Passive When an action is done by something (subject) to something else (object)… Subject = present participle (-ing) Object = past participle (-ed) The professor’s talk fascinated the audience. à The talk was fascinating (to the audience) à The audience was fascinated (by the talk)
Practice Work in pairs. Write one sentence using: • Present simple / continuous / perfect • Past simple / continuous / perfect • Future simple / continuous / perfect • 1 st / 2 nd / 3 rd conditional
Gerund vs Infinitive vs Simple Form Gerunds are verbal nouns (-ing) Swimming is good exercise Infinitives can also be used as verbal nouns (to) My brother wants to get a pilot’s licence Simple forms are used after certain verbs Jerry makes his children do some chores
Gerund vs Infinitive vs Simple Form Verbs followed by gerund Verbs followed by infinitive Admit Finish Afford Learn (how) Anticipate Go Agree Seem Appreciate Justify Aim Stop Avoid Keep Arrange Vote Can’t help Mind Ask Would like Consider Miss Delay Practice Choose Deny Risk Decide Discuss Stop Deserve Dislike Suggest Know (how) Enjoy Understand
Gerund vs Infinitive vs Simple Form Verbs followed by object + infinitive Verbs followed by simple form Allow Persuade Have Ask Prepare Help Cause Need Let Choose Remind Make Convince Require Would rather Get Teach (how) Help Tell Instruct Use Invite Warn Permit
Practice 1. By (sign) this contract, you are agreeing (deliver) these goods to us by the end of the month. 2. The president decided (implement) a new system. 3. I enjoy (cook) but I dislike (clean up). 4. These boots are perfect for (hike). 5. A sudden noise made the golfer (miss) his shot. 6. I need (practice) (speak) Spanish before I travel. 7. It is important (be) on time for your interview. 8. Kim invited me (go) (shop) with her. 9. The clerk denied (take) the money. 10. When I have the mechanic (fix) my brakes, I’ll get him (change) my oil as well.
Prepositions • Testing : grammar • Identify : 4 answer choices are different prepositions • Prepare : no simple rules, just examples in context BUT some nouns, adjectives, verbs always followed by the same prepositions.
Practice 1. As the quality __ this product has improved, the demand __ it has grown. 2. This suit made __ wool is superior __ the other one. 3. Diana is planning to move __ the office next __ mine. 4. The explosion was the result __ a combination __ several factors. 5. This car might not be suitable __ a family, but it is perfect __ a single person. 6. The development __ a good bookkeeping system was essential __ modern business. 7. Zambia is the source __ over 15% of the world’s supply __ cobalt. 8. Together __ his aides, the chancellor arrived __ the airport. 9. We have found a solution __ part __ the problem. 10. Instead __ guessing blindly, you should make an educated guess.
Summary 4 main question types: • Word choice • Word form • Verbs • Prepositions Identify what you struggle with and practice before next week’s examples!
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