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Time dependence of AGN pair echo, and halo emission as a probe of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Time dependence of AGN pair echo, and halo emission as a probe of extragalactic magnetic fields FO, Murase & Kotera, 2017, in prep FO, Murase & Kotera, PoS(ICRC2017)869 FO, Murase & Kotera, A&A 568, A110 (2014) ICRC2017 Foteini


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SLIDE 1

FO, Murase & Kotera, 2017, in prep FO, Murase & Kotera, PoS(ICRC2017)869 FO, Murase & Kotera, A&A 568, A110 (2014)

Time dependence of AGN pair echo, and halo emission as a probe of extragalactic magnetic fields

ICRC2017

Busan-19 July 2017 Foteini Oikonomou - Penn State

1

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SLIDE 2

Introduction/Motivation

TeV emitting blazar B in structured region B in voids

2

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SLIDE 3

Introduction/Motivation

TeV emitting blazar B in structured region B in voids

Emission scenarios:

leptonic hadronic

2

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SLIDE 4

Introduction/Motivation

TeV emitting blazar B in structured region B in voids

Emission scenarios:

leptonic hadronic

Inverse Compton Synchrotron

2

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Introduction/Motivation

TeV emitting blazar B in structured region B in voids

Emission scenarios:

leptonic hadronic

Inverse Compton Synchrotron

2

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Introduction/Motivation

TeV emitting blazar B in structured region B in voids

Emission scenarios:

leptonic hadronic

Inverse Compton Synchrotron

2

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SLIDE 7

γEBL

x x

γ>GeV e+e- E ≲260 GeV

x x

Blazar gamma-ray emission

3

Costamante, 2012

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SLIDE 8

γEBL

x x

γ>GeV e+e- E ≲260 GeV

x x

Inverse-Compton echo

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

Fermi H.E.S.S.

FO, Murase & Kotera PoS(ICRC2017)869

1ES 1101-232, z = 0.18

4

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SLIDE 9

γEBL

x x

γ>GeV e+e- E ≲260 GeV

x x

Inverse-Compton echo

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

Fermi H.E.S.S.

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

Fermi H.E.S.S.

FO, Murase & Kotera PoS(ICRC2017)869

1ES 1101-232, z = 0.18

4

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SLIDE 10

γEBL

x x

γ>GeV e+e- E ≲260 GeV

x x

Inverse-Compton echo

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

Fermi H.E.S.S.

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

Fermi H.E.S.S.

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

∆ T =1000000 yrs

B = 10-16 G, θV =0°

FO, Murase & Kotera PoS(ICRC2017)869

1ES 1101-232, z = 0.18

4

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SLIDE 11

γEBL

x x

γ>GeV e+e- E ≲260 GeV

x x

Inverse-Compton echo

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

Fermi H.E.S.S.

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

Fermi H.E.S.S.

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

∆ T =1000000 yrs

B = 10-16 G, θV =0°

γEBL

x

γ>GeV e+e- E ≲260 GeV

x

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

∆ T =1000000 yrs

B = 10-16 G, θV =0° B = 10-15 G, θV =0°

FO, Murase & Kotera PoS(ICRC2017)869

1ES 1101-232, z = 0.18

4

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SLIDE 12

γEBL

x x

γ>GeV e+e- E ≲260 GeV

x x

Inverse-Compton echo

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

Fermi H.E.S.S.

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

Fermi H.E.S.S.

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

∆ T =1000000 yrs

B = 10-16 G, θV =0°

γEBL

x

γ>GeV e+e- E ≲260 GeV

x

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

∆ T =1000000 yrs

B = 10-16 G, θV =0° B = 10-15 G, θV =0°

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

∆ T =1000000 yrs

B = 10-16 G, θV =0° B = 10-15 G, θV =0° B = 10-14 G, θV =0°

FO, Murase & Kotera PoS(ICRC2017)869

1ES 1101-232, z = 0.18

4

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SLIDE 13

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

∆ T =10 yrs

B = 10-18 G, θV =0° B = 10-17 G, θV =0° B = 10-16 G, θV =0°

γEBL

x x

γ>GeV e+e- E ≲260 GeV

x x

Inverse-Compton Echo-Transient

γEBL

x

γ>GeV e+e- E ≲260 GeV

x

FO, Murase & Kotera, 2017 [PoS(ICRC2017)869]

5

108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

energy/eV

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

E2 dN/dE [eV cm-2 s-1]

∆ T =1000000 yrs

B = 10-16 G, θV =0° B = 10-15 G, θV =0° B = 10-14 G, θV =0°

steady transient

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SLIDE 14

Inverse-Compton pair halo emission

Neronov & Semikoz 2009

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

θ2 [deg2]

10-2 100 102 104

dN/dθ2 [deg-2]

∆ T =1000000.0 yrs E =10.0-100.0 GeV

B = 10-15.0 G B = 10-16.0 G B = 10-17.0 G

Fermi PSF

PRELIMINARY

1ES 1101-232, z = 0.18

6

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SLIDE 15

Inverse-Compton pair halo emission

Neronov & Semikoz 2009

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

θ2 [deg2]

10-2 100 102 104

dN/dθ2 [deg-2]

∆ T =1000000.0 yrs E =10.0-100.0 GeV

B = 10-15.0 G B = 10-16.0 G B = 10-17.0 G

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

θ2 [deg2]

10-2 100 102 104

dN/dθ2 [deg-2]

B = 10-17.0 G E =10.0-100.0 GeV

t =100.0 yrs t =10000.0 yrs t =1000000.0 yrs

Fermi PSF

PRELIMINARY

1ES 1101-232, z = 0.18

6

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SLIDE 16

Formalism

*see also Neronov & Vovk 2010, Taylor et al 2011, Dermer et al. 2011, Murase et al. 2012, Ichiki et al. 2010, Dolag et al. 2011, Huan et al. 2011

Fast implementation for Fermi Analysis Parameter surveys Exact geometry Full Klein-Nishina cross-section

FO, Murase, Kotera, PoS(ICRC 2017) 869

Redshift energy losses Benchmark with Monte Carlo (ELMAG) Off-axis formalism

dN dEdt =

  • dγe

dN dγe

  • dεdn

dε⟨dσKN dE c(1 − µ)⟩

Blumenthal & Gould 1970

7

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SLIDE 17

B in voids B in structured region

Emission scenarios:

leptonic hadronic

Inverse Compton Synchrotron

TeV emitting blazar

8

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SLIDE 18

UHECR induced synchrotron pair echo/halo

*sensitive to EGMFs in structured regions

filament/galaxy cluster B > nG typically ~few Mpc

λsyn < λIC prompt synchrotron γ-rays

UHECRs

x x

e+e-

Gabici, Aharonian 2005,7 Kotera, Allard, Lemoine 2011 FO, Murase, Kotera 2014 deabsorbed

Tavecchio 2014

9 9

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SLIDE 19

UHECR induced synchrotron pair echo/halo

*sensitive to EGMFs in structured regions

filament/galaxy cluster B > nG typically ~few Mpc

λsyn < λIC prompt synchrotron γ-rays

UHECRs

Eγ,syn ∼ 68 GeV ✓ B 10 nG ◆ ✓ Ee 1019 eV ◆2

x x

e+e-

Gabici, Aharonian 2005,7 Kotera, Allard, Lemoine 2011 FO, Murase, Kotera 2014

Mean free path (Mpc) 10 nG

λsynchrotron λInv. Compton

Guaranteed when λsyn < λIC

E (eV) 1 nG

0.1 nG

10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

12

10

13

10

14

10

−2

10

−1

10 10

1

10

2

E [eV] E2 dN/dE [eV s−1 cm−2]

B = 6nG B = 16nG B = 100nG B = 316nG HESS VERITAS Fermi/LAT

Example 1ES 0229+200 (LCR,ISO = 1046.5 erg s -1)

FO, Murase & Kotera, A&A 568, A110 (2014) 9 9

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SLIDE 20

UHECR induced synchrotron pair echo/halo

*sensitive to EGMFs in structured regions

filament/galaxy cluster B > nG typically ~few Mpc

λsyn < λIC prompt synchrotron γ-rays

UHECRs

Eγ,syn ∼ 68 GeV ✓ B 10 nG ◆ ✓ Ee 1019 eV ◆2

x x

e+e-

Gabici, Aharonian 2005,7 Kotera, Allard, Lemoine 2011 FO, Murase, Kotera 2014

Mean free path (Mpc) 10 nG

λsynchrotron λInv. Compton

Guaranteed when λsyn < λIC

E (eV) 1 nG

0.1 nG

10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

12

10

13

10

14

10

−2

10

−1

10 10

1

10

2

E [eV] E2 dN/dE [eV s−1 cm−2]

B = 6nG B = 16nG B = 100nG B = 316nG HESS VERITAS Fermi/LAT

Example 1ES 0229+200 (LCR,ISO = 1046.5 erg s -1)

FO, Murase & Kotera, A&A 568, A110 (2014) 9 9

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Summary/Outlook

New analytical formalism to constrain EGMF strength with blazar pair-echoes/halos Developed for time-dependent pair-echo and pair-halo emission (transient sources) Treatment of off-axis emission (important for radio galaxies) Important for Fermi-LAT parameter surveys Synchrotron emission by UHECRs can explain hard-spectrum ultra-high energy peaked blazars (UHBLs) and probes MF strength in structured regions

10

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UHECR induced synchrotron pair echo/halo

Kotera et al. 2011

D = 1 Gpc
 B = 1 nG Eγ = 1−100 GeV LCR,19 = 1046 erg s−1 GeV cm−2 s−1

*sensitive to EGMFs in structured regions

D = 100 Mpc
 at level of total CR flux

* + flux integrated up to

angular extension θ

D = 1 Gpc
 10% of total CR flux

Kotera et al. 2011

assuming CTA at 10 GeV: ~ 10-10 GeV cm-2 s-1 (θsource /1°) Fermi 10 yrs

11

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SLIDE 23

Back-up: UHECRs vs. UHE neutrals

*sensitive to EGMFs in structured regions

UHECR

x x x x

(protons confined) UHE photons

Murase 2009,12 Dermer et al.

12

12

FO, Murase & Kotera, 2017 [PoS(ICRC2017)869]

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SLIDE 24

Back-up: UHECRs vs. UHE neutrals

*sensitive to EGMFs in structured regions

UHECR

x x x x

(protons confined) UHE photons

Murase 2009,12 Dermer et al.

12 10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

12

10

13

10

14

10

−3

10

−2

10

−1

10 10

1

10

2

10

3

1ES 0229+200 E [eV] E2 dN/dE [eV s−1 cm−2]

UHECR, B =100 nG UHECR, B = 316 nG UHE , B=100 nG UHE , B = 316 nG HESS VERITAS Fermi/LAT

spectra not distinguishable!

UHE photons B3 Mpc = 316 nG α = 2, Eγ,ΜΑΧ = 1019.5 eV LCR,j ~ 1045 erg s -1

12

FO, Murase & Kotera, 2017 [PoS(ICRC2017)869]

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SLIDE 25

Back-up: UHECRs vs. UHE neutrals

*sensitive to EGMFs in structured regions

UHECR

x x x x

(protons confined) UHE photons

Murase 2009,12 Dermer et al.

12

~steady

10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

12

10

13

10

14

10

−3

10

−2

10

−1

10 10

1

10

2

10

3

1ES 0229+200 E [eV] E2 dN/dE [eV s−1 cm−2]

UHECR, B =100 nG UHECR, B = 316 nG UHE , B=100 nG UHE , B = 316 nG HESS VERITAS Fermi/LAT

spectra not distinguishable!

UHE photons B3 Mpc = 316 nG α = 2, Eγ,ΜΑΧ = 1019.5 eV LCR,j ~ 1045 erg s -1

12

FO, Murase & Kotera, 2017 [PoS(ICRC2017)869]

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Back-up: UHECRs vs. UHE neutrals

*sensitive to EGMFs in structured regions

UHECR

x x x x

(protons confined) UHE photons

Murase 2009,12 Dermer et al.

12

~steady

10

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

12

10

13

10

14

10

−3

10

−2

10

−1

10 10

1

10

2

10

3

1ES 0229+200 E [eV] E2 dN/dE [eV s−1 cm−2]

UHECR, B =100 nG UHECR, B = 316 nG UHE , B=100 nG UHE , B = 316 nG HESS VERITAS Fermi/LAT

spectra not distinguishable!

UHE photons B3 Mpc = 316 nG α = 2, Eγ,ΜΑΧ = 1019.5 eV LCR,j ~ 1045 erg s -1

~ year TeV variability? Aliu et al 2014

UHECR IC cascade/ UHECR seeded synchrotron strongly disfavoured

12

FO, Murase & Kotera, 2017 [PoS(ICRC2017)869]

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SLIDE 27

Back-up: Time delays induced by EGMFs

13

Taylor et al. A&A 529, A144 (2011)


13

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SLIDE 28

Back-up: Source at z>1

14

14 Aharonian et al, Phys.Rev. D87 (2013) no.6, 063002

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SLIDE 29

Hint of halo emission by Chen et al. 2015 analysis

15

Chen et al. Phys.Rev.Lett. 115 (2015)

24 Fermi stacked BL Lacs 0.069 < z < 0.5 Θ = 0.5º Consistent with B = 10-17-10-15 G (if sources steady)

15 Chen et al. 2015

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UHECR Inverse-Compton cascade

e.g., Essey et al 2010a,b, Murase et al 2012, Tavecchio 2014

x

UHECRs γCMB

x

E < 260 GeV

x x x x

e+e-

x

16

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SLIDE 31

Takami et al. 2014

Example: KUV 00311−1938 (z = 0.61)

UHECR Inverse-Compton cascade

e.g., Essey et al 2010a,b, Murase et al 2012, Tavecchio 2014

x

UHECRs γCMB

x

E < 260 GeV

x x x x

e+e-

x

16

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SLIDE 32

Takami et al. 2014

Example: KUV 00311−1938 (z = 0.61)

UHECR Inverse-Compton cascade

deabsorbed

Tavecchio 2014

Can explain hard spectrum TeV blazars

e.g., Essey et al 2010a,b, Murase et al 2012, Tavecchio 2014

x

UHECRs γCMB

x

E < 260 GeV

x x x x

e+e-

x

16

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SLIDE 33

Takami et al. 2014

Example: KUV 00311−1938 (z = 0.61)

UHECR Inverse-Compton cascade

deabsorbed

Tavecchio 2014

Can explain hard spectrum TeV blazars

e.g., Essey et al 2010a,b, Murase et al 2012, Tavecchio 2014

x

UHECRs γCMB

x

E < 260 GeV

x x x x

e+e-

x x

γCMB

x

UHECRs EGMF

x x

EGMFs: flux dilution according to fraction of Universe where BIGM > 3x10-11G

E2

γ

dNγ dEγ ≈ f1d(< Bθ) χe Lcr 8πd2

Eγ,max 1/2

Kotera et al, 2011

16