Through Agent-Based Models Frensis Bras @FrensisBras - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

through agent based models
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Through Agent-Based Models Frensis Bras @FrensisBras - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Exploring Neighbourhood Effects Through Agent-Based Models Frensis Bras @FrensisBras frensis.bras@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk Laia Bcares, James Nazroo, Nick Shryane My research Racism Racism is hard to measure complex.


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Exploring Neighbourhood Effects Through Agent-Based Models

Frensis Bras

@FrensisBras frensis.bras@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk

Laia Bécares, James Nazroo, Nick Shryane

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My research

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Racism

  • Racism is hard to measure – complex.

– Interpersonal Racism

  • Where does interpersonal racism take place?

– Areas of multiple deprivation, high unemployment, with a small but increasing ethnic minority group

  • Position within these communities
  • Racialised believes supported by the community
  • Power struggle
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The effect of Ethnic density

  • So does an increase in ethnic minorities lead

to more or less racist events?

– Contact: increased proportion of ethnic minorities causes increased contact which reduces prejudice – Conflict: increased proportion causes a sense of threat (realistic and symbolic) which increases prejudice

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The Model

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Why use ABM for neighbourhood effects research??

  • Location

– Neighbourhoods are complex and dynamic – Not properly accounted for in data – MAUP

O’ Sullivan (2009) Changing Neighbourhoods: Neighbourhoods Changing. Sociological Methods & Research 37 (4)

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  • Causal effects:

– Selection – Simultaneity – Omitted variables

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What are Agent Based Models?

  • Bottom up approach: individual actions lead

to complex patterns of behaviour

  • Simulated Environment
  • Agents = humans, firms, government bodies,

animals etc. etc.

  • Agents interact and learn over time
  • Variables and information can be stored and

then analysed

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Results

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Key Findings

  • Contact is a double-edged sword

– Clustering prevents both positive and negative contact between different groups

  • Distance matters

– For protective effects it matters if ethnic minorities are on the inside of a cluster

  • Ethnic density may have a threshold effect

– Non-linearity

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Future work…

  • Deprivation
  • Immigration
  • Health