Thermo-mechanical structure of Thermo-mechanical structure of the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Thermo-mechanical structure of the European Lithosphere:

a common perspective for ENGINE and Topo- Europe

Thermo-mechanical structure of the European Lithosphere:

a common perspective for ENGINE and Topo- Europe

• S. Cloetingh, J.D. van Wees, L. Lenkey, F. Beekman,
• M. Tesauro, A. Forster, M. Kaban, N. Hardebol,
• M. ter Voorde, E. Willingshofer, T. Cornu, D. Bonte
• S. Cloetingh, J.D. van Wees, L. Lenkey, F. Beekman,
• M. Tesauro, A. Forster, M. Kaban, N. Hardebol,
• M. ter Voorde, E. Willingshofer, T. Cornu, D. Bonte

ENGINE final meeting ENGINE final meeting

13 13 februari februari 2008 2008

• ISES

Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Science

• Scope:

– Coupled deep Earth – surface processes – Topography and natural hazards

• Scientific approach (funding >50 PhD):

– Monitoring, imaging, reconstruction, process modelling in Europe’s natural laboratories

Courtesy Bunge GRACE data GFZ

Societal Relevance of TOPO-EUROPE

Courtesy GeoMotion

10W 0E 10E 20E 30E 4 E 40N 50N 60N 70N

Earthquakes Areas going down Areas going up

TOPO-EUROPE: Geoscience of coupled surface and lithosphere & mantle processes of continental Europe and its margins

• !!

!! !! !!

• "

" " "

• !

! ! ! #! #! #! #!

Points to make

General

• Thermo-mechanical lithosphere structure tectonic stress/deformation

(tectonics) much interrelated

• Much of temperature structure (<10 km) can be learned from lithosphere

studies on these relationships and insight-knowledge on crustal heterogeneous properties Impact for Europe/ENGINE Europe is marked by active tectonics, having a strong effect on – Temperature distribution – Mechanical properties – Tectonic deformation and intraplate stress

• as

tenos pher e

• 3D geometrical &

compositional model from digital elevation models, seismic data, gravity, and ENTEC/EUCOR-URGENT/GFZ databases

• Calculations using a mix of

in-house developed and commercial software

• Access to LOFAR’s “Blue

Gene” grid computing network

• Model resolution will increase

iteratively during the project

• Grid cells may have a

different size

• Final size of the grid cells will

depend on the quality of the (geological) input data

• Cloetingh et al., 2005, QSR

3D models of strength, stress and strain of the European continental lithosphere 3D models of strength, stress and strain of the European continental lithosphere

Construction of the temperature Construction of the temperature

Hardebol et al., 2006

20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 k [Wm-1C-1] depth (z ) [m] 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 2 4 6 A [µ µ µ µWm

• 2]

depth (z ) [m] 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 500 1000 1500 T [° C] depth (z) [m]

$%&'""("! %&'""("! %&'""("! %&'""("! $!)!! ""( !)!! ""( !)!! ""( !)!! ""( ! ! ! !

• $ """*++!,

"""*++!, """*++!, """*++!,

Lithosphere temperature from Seismic tomography

Lithospheric strength

Cloetingh et al., 2006, ESR

Relationschip between crustal stress and seismicity/crustal strength Relationschip between crustal stress and seismicity/crustal strength

Tesauro et al., 2007, EPSL

Relationschip between crustal strength and geodetically derived strain localization Relationschip between crustal strength and geodetically derived strain localization

Lithosphere memory reactivation of faults Ziegler et al., 1998

5 10 15 20 25 20 40 60 80 100

ext comp

erosion Reconstruction bekkenreactivation (>70 Ma) -> weak fault fabric

Worum and Van Wees, submitted

SW

ROER VALLEY GRABEN

NW

SE-NETHERLANDS

20 40 60 80 100 200 600

Dirkzwager et al., 2001

!- !- !- !-

• !

! ! !

Lithopshere memory- active faults -seismicity

* * * *. . . . +/0&&%, +/0&&%, +/0&&%, +/0&&%,

Lithosphere memory – risk for induced and triggered earth-quakes

Soultz (2.5) Basel (3.4)

Lithopshere memory- active faults allow hydro-thermal conduit zones

After Ellis et al., 1999

1 1 1 1

Active deformation and the thermal field Active deformation and the thermal field

Horvath et al. 2006

Panonian Basin

crust mantle Lithospheric thickness Normal geotherm dT/dz Normal geotherm dT/dz

• Hot mantle plume

Hot mantle plume

stretched geotherm dT/dz stretched geotherm dT/dz

Elevated heat flow- reduced strength

21 21 21 21

• +/0&&3

+/0&&3 +/0&&3 +/0&&3

Guillou-Frottier et al., 2007

TOPO-EUROPE: From Source to Sink TOPO-EUROPE: From Source to Sink

Alpine tectonics and present thermal structure

Willingshofer and Cloetingh, Tectonics 22, 2003

Conclusions and Perspectives Conclusions and Perspectives

• Tectonic modelling provides key constraints on crustal stress and

temperature, helpful for geothermal exploration beyond well control

• Late Tertiary tectonics have strong influence on spatial variation
• f crustal heat flow and stress much more heterogeneous than

to be expected from first order maps (properties , processes and fabric)

• Interplay of lithospheric and surface processes operating at

multiple scales need to be taken into account for understanding and prediction of crustal stress and heat flow

• Analogue-numerical modelling applied in natural laboratories

provide a set of world class opportunities to develop a new generation of models for crustal stress and heat flow evolution