Thermo Scientific microPHAZIR AS Asbestos Analysis 1 Company Confidential
Thermo Scientific: Portable Optical Analysis 5000+ handheld instruments deployed worldwide • Pharmaceutical and Chemical • Safety and Security • Aviation and Checkpoint Security Identification What is it? Authentication Is this substance what it claims to be? 2
Why Asbestos? Used in over 3000 products • Joint compound Use Volume • Texture coatings (1994) • Vinyl floor tiles, sheeting, adhesives Cement products 70% • Ceiling tiles • Roofing tars, felts, siding, and shingles Vinyl asbestos flooring 10% • Piping and piping insulation Friction products 7% • Fireproofing (fire doors) • Fire blankets Gaskets and packings 3% • Caulk Paints, roof coating caulks 2% • Gaskets • Brake pads and shoes Filter media 2% • Clutch plates Asbestos textiles 1% • Thermal pipe insulation • Head gaskets and gaskets for many engines Other <1% • Heat resistance applications • Wear resistance applications Domestic consumption of asbestos was ~800,000 metric tons in 1973, dropped to about 2,400 metric tons by 2005 3
Define Asbestos • The term asbestos is a generic designation referring to six types of naturally occurring silicate mineral fibers • Amosite, Crocidolite, Chrysotile, Actinolite, Tremolite, Anthophyllite. Asbestos • >95% of all asbestos production is Chrysotile [Mg 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ] Fibrous Fibrous Serpentine Amphibole • Russia, Canada, China, Brazil, Kazakhstan, and Zimbabwe Chrysotile • Asbestos fiber advantages Tremolite Amosite Actinolite • High tensile strength Crocidolite Anthophyllite • Flexible • High length to diameter ratio • Thermal stability • Low conductivity 4
Asbestos hazards • Inhalation • Particles 5-30 microns can lodge in lungs • Asbestos readily breaks into smaller particles • Immune system response depends on fiber type and dimensions • Fibrosis • Lung tumors • Mesothelioma and other cancers • Ingestion • Suspected as a carcinogen • Skin contact • Fibrotic cysts 5
US Regulations - Federal • National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) • Authorized by Clean Air Act in 1970 • 40 CFR Part 61 and 63 • Prohibits the construction or modification of “stationary” sources that may potentially introduce hazardous material into the air • Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) • Authorized by Toxic Substances Control Act in 1986 • Rules and regulations to govern use of Asbestos including bans and phase out (modified in 1990s due to appeals of original bans) • 40 CFR Part 763 • Catalyzed by presence of asbestos in schools • Provides guidelines for inspection, analysis methods and asbestos management/abatement (1% threshold) • Enabled the creation of the asbestos inspection and abatement industry 6
US Regulations - Accreditation • Inspector / Abatement licensing and procedures • State EPA and/or Department of Labor provides licensing services • Regulations vary state by state but generally follow federal guidelines • National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) • Part of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) • Provides third-party accreditation to testing and calibration laboratories • Programs are established in response to Congressional mandates, administrative actions of the Federal Government and private sector requests • Asbestos related fields of accreditation include PLM and TEM labs based on asbestos standards • Asbestos related associations: • American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA www.aiha.org) • Environmental Information Association (EIA www.eia-usa.org) 7
Current Testing Methods • Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) – uses polarized light to determine presence of asbestos fibers • Utilized for analysis of bulk material submitted from a site inspection • Quantification of asbestos is carried out by a statistical method (point counting) for low concentration samples • OSHA and EPA approved method for determination of bulk asbestos (NIOSH 9002, CARB 435, EPA/600/R-93/116) • Lab Cost: $5 - $20 per layer (depends on turnaround time) • Limits of Detection: 0.25% - 1% depending on PLM method Source: Federal EPA and OSHA 8
Current Testing Methods • Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) • Utilized for airborne asbestos analysis and smaller asbestos particles (<5um) • Requires a more sophisticated machine and operator • Quantitative method of detecting asbestos • OSHA and EPA approved method for determination of bulk asbestos (EPA/600/R-93/116, EPA-LIBBY-03) • Required for “final clearance” before re-entry in schools under AHERA • Lab Cost: $50 - $150 (depends on turnaround time) • Limits of Detection: 0.0001% - 1% (depending on if fibers can be separated from matrix) 9
Asbestos: Chemical Structure • Chrysotile: Mg 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 • OH band at ~1400 nm • Position and splitting influenced by local ions and matrix • Ions are specific to each type of asbestos 10
Near Infrared Functional Group Correlations microPHAZIR analysis spectral region 11
Spectra of Asbestos Standards 12
microPHAZIR Near-Infrared Less than 10 seconds Measurement time: 1320-1440 nm Spectral Range: Non-contact diffuse reflectance Sampling Mode: 2.75 lbs (1.25 kg) Weight: High-strength dust proof plastic housing Enclosure : Source: Tungsten light bulb, safe for operators and sample integrity All data is stored on internal memory and can be downloaded Data Storage: to PC USB cable Computer Interface: Operating Temp 5 to 40 ° C (non-condensing) Range: Batteries: Two Quick Change Lithium Ion batteries (4.5 Power: hour run-time) 13
Spectrometer: MEMS (Micro-Electro Mechanical System) Refl eflec ectance Li Light S ght Sour ource 14
NIR Advantages • Fast analysis (3 – 5 sec) • Real-time, onsite monitoring • No sample preparation, simple to operate • No waste, no pollution • Simultaneous determination of multiple components per measurement • Precise, accurate, reproducible results • Transferable Methods 15
Screening Detection Limits • Detection limits were determined by analyzing asbestos reference standards with known concentration ranges as determined by microscopy • Sample matrix vary from region and can effect detection limits Asbestos Fiber Detection Limits * Chrysotile >1% Anthophyllite >1% Tremolite >1% Actinolite >1% Amosite/ Crocidolite >1% (same spectral features) * Detection limit is dependent on sample matrix material 16
Conclusion • Cost-effective asbestos screening • Rapid and accurate results for fast screening in the field or sorting facility • Portable, small and lightweight designed for non-expert users • Non-contact sampling minimizes cross-contamination 17
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