The Importance of The War At Sea During WWI By: Taylor Pressdee, Anna Ward, Nathan Urquidi
What Was the Impact of ‘The War at Sea’? Opened a new kind of warfare: Submarine Warfare ● Involved civilians as well as sailors and soldiers ● One of the major reasons that the United States joined the Allies ● Influenced major events during the war: Battle of Jutland, the ● naval blockade, submarine warfare and the sinking of the Lusitania
Who Was Affected By The War at Sea? “Total War” ● War At Sea affected civilians as well as soldiers ● Ship Liners, and Coastal cities were in danger of attack ● Starvation was prevalent in specifically Germany because supply ● ships were being sunk
Timeline May 31st 1916 September 1915 Battle of Jutland Germans stop using U-boats February 1st 1916 Germans begin using U-boats again May 7th 1916 Lusitania Sinks
Battle of Jutland
Battle of Jutland Fought on May 31st 1916 ● Only major battle fought at sea ● Fought by the Jutland Peninsula between England and Germany ● Two Admirals in charge of both fleets: Vice Admiral Reinhard ● Scheer (Left) and Admiral Sir John Jellicoe (Right)
The Battle British forces intercepted a German message containing a plan ● to attack them on May 28th However, Admiral Scheer postponed the attack due to bad ● weather Attempted to plan another attack down by the Jutland ○ Peninsula, however Britain intercepted this plan as well Vice Admiral Jellicoe moved his fleet down to the Jutland ● Peninsula, awaiting the attack
Aftermath of the Battle The British suffered losses, but not nearly as many as Germany ● Germany’s fleet was damaged beyond repair, crippling their ● naval capabilities British Losses: 14 ships and roughly 6,000 men ● German Losses: 9 ships and roughly 2,500 men ●
British Naval Blockade of Germany
The Blockade of Germany Began in 1914 and ended 1919 ● Allied naval blockade of Northwest Germany ● Cut supply lines going into, and coming out of Germany ● Intent was to demoralise and starve resources to win the war ●
Effects of the Blockade Germany and Austria-Hungary could replace most of the ● supplies themselves, except for food German and Austria-Hungarian people starve ● Outbreak of riots ● Germany implements Unrestricted Submarine Warfare to calm ● the people
Submarine Warfare
The Submarine Submarines were actually invented in 1620 ● The First World War was the first time that submarines were ● used effectively in naval combat Submarines could ‘sneak’ up on unsuspecting ships and sink ● Allied ships undetected
Submarine Warfare In retaliation for the naval blockade, the Germans used U-boats ● (a type of submarine) to attack British convoys The British called this warfare unjustified and unfair ● Germany declares that waters around Britain are a war zone ● The Germans attacked any ship, regardless if they were ○ Allied or Neutral
Retaliation for German Submarines After the sinking of the Lusitania, Woodrow Wilson persuaded ● Germany to restrict Submarine Warfare Germany signed the ‘Sussex Pledge’ which stopped them ○ sinking non-militaristic boats Germany eventually abandoned using U-boats because the ● restrictions were too tight Decided to continue U-boat warfare on February 1st 1917 ●
Bibliography Slide #3 https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tees-30004430 Slide #5 https://www.britishbattles.com/first-world-war Slide #6 https://ww1live.wordpress.com/tag/reinhard-scheer/ Slide #6 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/John-Jellicoe Slide #8 http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/zykwhv4 Slide #9 https://io9.gizmodo.com/was-britains-wwi-blockade-the-first-atrocity-of-the-20t Slide # https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/americas-shift-from-neutrality-to-war--2 Slide #11 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unrestricted_submarine_warfare Slide #12 https://www.theworldwar.org/explore/centennial-commemoration/us-enters-war/unrestricted-u-boat- warfare.
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