THE VECTOR CONTROL PROGRAM & MOSQUITO PREVENTION Allison - - PDF document

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THE VECTOR CONTROL PROGRAM

& MOSQUITO PREVENTION

Allison Bray, M.S. Environmental Health Specialist, Vector Control Program

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WHAT IS A VECTOR

Any organism capable of carrying and transmitting a disease (to humans)

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THE VECTOR CONTROL PROGRAM (VCP)

• Monitoring for vectors and the pathogens they

carry

Surveillance

• Testing vectors for pathogens

Diagnostics

• Reducing vector populations and/or people’s

exposure to vectors

Control

• Educating the public about preventative

behaviors

Outreach

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SURVEILLANCE

Where/when do we find different vectors? What diseases exist in the environment?

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MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE TOOLS

Mosquito Traps

 Use lures (CO2, scent, water) to attract mosquitoes

Dead Bird Reporting

 Crows, jays, owls, hawks are all good indicators for WNV because they are susceptible  Birds need to be freshly dead  Samples taken from eye fluid and tissue and tested in the lab

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DIAGNOSTICS

Samples are processed and tested for pathogens The Vector Disease and Diagnostics Laboratory tests include:

West Nile virus, Zika, Dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya Hantavirus, Plague Lyme, tularemia

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CONTROL

• Information on preventing rats, mosquitoes, ticks, etc.
• In person and through website/social media/brochures

• Removing mosquito breeding sources
• Education on removing rat harborage and entry points

• Mosquito fish (human made containers only)
• Bacterial larvicides

• Kill adult mosquitoes on contact
• Used during elevated public health risk

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OUTREACH

Sharing information with the public to encourage prevention behaviors

• Website
• Social Media
• Public Events
• Presentations
• Media Campaign

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MOSQUITOES

Information and Prevention Tips!

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MOSQUITOES AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Mosquitoes as vectors kill more people each year than any other animal

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WEST NILE VIRUS

Asymptomatic– 80% Mild Infection: West Nile fever

 20% develop West Nile fever

 Fever  Headache, body aches  Fatigue

Severe Infection: West Nile Neuroinvasive disease

 <1% develop serious complications – can be fatal

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WNV IN SAN DIEGO

Human Cases (fatal) 2019: 3 cases (0) 2018: 2 cases (0) 2017: 2 cases (0) 2016: 22 cases (2) 2015: 44 cases (6)

WNV IN CALIFORNIA

Human Cases (fatal) 2019: 225 cases (6) 2018: 217 cases (11) 2017: 553 cases (44) 2016: 442 cases (19) 2015: 782 cases (53) via WestNile.ca.gov

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HOST PREFERENCE AND TRANSMISSION

Culex mosquitoes and West Nile virus

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CULEX

Vectors: West Nile virus Blood source: Birds, mammals Lays eggs: on the water’s surface, typically semi- permanent sources Eggs: laid in a floating raft Active: dawn and dusk

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INVASIVE AEDES

Aedes aegypti – Yellow fever mosquito Aedes albopictus – Asian Tiger mosquito Aedes notoscriptus – Australian backyard mosquito Nuisance biters, and Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus can vector Zika, dengue, yellow fever, & chikungunya

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INVASIVE AEDES

What makes them different?

• Aggressive daytime biters
• Bite around the ankles
• Prefer to breed in small

containers near humans

• Can breed outdoors and

indoors

• Short flight range

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INVASIVE AEDES

• Aedes aegypti first

detected in San Diego in 2014

• Now present

throughout the county

• Urban and suburban

areas

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HOST PREFERENCE AND TRANSMISSION

Aedes mosquitoes

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MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE

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EGGS

Culex mosquitoes lay their eggs

• n the water’s surface in a

floating raft of 200-300 eggs. Aedes mosquitoes lay their eggs one by one near the water line on the side of a small container full of water.

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LARVAE

Live completely underwater Rest with siphon at the surface of the water Wiggling movement Filter feed on small particles – algae, decomposing organic matter

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PUPAE

Metamorphosis stage Live completely underwater Rest with siphon at the surface of the water Tumbling movement Do not eat

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ADULT

Emerge from the pupa at the surface of the water Will rest briefly to dry and will return to water only to lay eggs Long biting proboscis distinguishes them from

• ther similar insects

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THE BLOOD MEAL

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DISEASE TRANSMISSION

How Mosquitoes Use Six Needles to Suck Your Blood from Deep Look via YouTube

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SOURCE REDUCTION

• #1 thing people

can do to prevent mosquito breeding

• Neighborhood

level control of backyard breeding mosquitoes requires individuals to participate

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INDOORS

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FLOWER POT SAUCERS

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STUMPS AND HOLES

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BROMELIADS

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PLANTS IN WATER

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TURN IT UPSIDE DOWN!

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PUT IT AWAY

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KEEP IT COVERED

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PLAYTIME IS OVER!

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OUTDOOR FURNITURE

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YARD DECORATIONS

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RAIN GUTTERS

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RAIN BARRELS

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SMALL WATER SOURCES

Even ¼” is enough for container breeding mosquitoes Aedes mosquitoes have been found breeding in containers as small as a bottlecap

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LARGE WATER SOURCES

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MOSQUITO FISH

• Mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) can

eat hundreds of mosquito larvae every day

• Ideal for backyard ponds, fountains,

animal troughs, unused swimming pools (Should not be used in natural habitats)

• Available free

from the Vector Control Program

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BACTERIAL LARVICIDES

• Mosquito larvicides that are made of

bacteria and bacterial byproducts such as Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis

• Must be ingested by the larva in order

to work

• Target specific – harmless to other

animals, people, and plants

• Available for purchase in home and

garden stores

• Used by the VCP to control mosquito

populations

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MOSQUITO REPELLENT

Repellent does not kill mosquitoes; it prevents them from biting You should use EPA approved (safe and proven to work) repellents DEET, Picaridin, IR3535, Oil

• f Lemon Eucalyptus

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Which Repellents Keep Mosquitoes Away Best? from Inside Edition via YouTube

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WHAT CAN I DO?

1. Prevent mosquito breeding – dump standing water, use mosquito fish and larvicides 2. Protect yourself against bites – wear long sleeves and pants, and use repellent 3. Report green pools, dead birds, and high mosquito activity 4. Educate your friends and neighbors about mosquito prevention

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QUESTIONS?

Contact the Vector Control Program:

(858) 694-2888 vector@sdcounty.ca.gov Tell us Now! App SDFightTheBite.com

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