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The Use of GIS Technology for The Use of GIS Technology for Planning of GNSS Measurement Planning of GNSS Measurement

Dalibor Bartoněk, Irena Opatřilová Institute of Geodesy, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic

Syllabus Syllabus



Introduction



Related works



Scope and aim

• f

the project



Methods

• f

solution



System design



Contemporary results



Conclusions and future work

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

Measurement using GNSS technology – usage in geodesy



Benefits



sufficient number of visible satellites on the horizon



good constellation of satellites throughout the day



Restrictions



• bstacles

in terrain



multipath (in dense urban areas)

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

C Contemporary

• ntemporary

state state

• f
• f

issue issue



in the past, the main aim of GNSS (GPS) planning was the determining of the most appropriate time interval for measurement



contemporary meaning – navigation of vehicles and persons in the urban environment, navigation in the airport and maritime transport, geodesy



there are a lot of various applications and software for planning of GNSS measurement

RELATED WORKS RELATED WORKS

Applications Applications and and software software for for planning planning

• f
• f

GNSS GNSS measurement measurement

1.

easier tools for planning

a)

freely accessible on the internet:



installed on computer



• n-line solution

b)

for registered users (paid)

c)

part of the processing software for GNSS measurement

2.

advanced tools for planning with GIS support

a)

not considering influence of multipath

b)

functional tools for ArcGIS

c)

sophisticated tools with the influence of multipath

RELATED WORKS: RELATED WORKS:

1.

• 1. easier

easier tools tools for for planning planning



inputs of user:



location on the ground (position and height)



time data of observation (date and total time)



interval of evaluation



elevation cutoff



manual plotting of obstacles of horizon (necessity of reconnaissance)



• utputs of evaluation:



number of visible satellites



elevation and azimuth of satellites above horizon



DOP values



Sky Plot

RELATED WORKS 1: RELATED WORKS 1: number number

• f
• f

visible visible satellites satellites

Planning software (Trimble)

RELATED WORKS 1: RELATED WORKS 1: sky sky plot plot

GNSS Planning Online application (Trimble)

Web Mission Planning on-line application (Ashtech)

RELATED WORKS 1: RELATED WORKS 1:

D DOP OP values values

Standalone Mission Planning tool (Topcon)

RELATED WORKS 2: RELATED WORKS 2: 2.

• 2. advanced

advanced tools tools for for planning planning



the creating of simulation model of locality of measurement on the base of 3D data (frequently digital elevation model)



automated determination of obstacles of horizon (without any reconnaissance before evaluation

• f planning)



evaluation of accessibility of GNSS is often areal (number of visible satellites, DOP values)



some of them aim to determine multipath risk

RELATED WORKS 2: RELATED WORKS 2: number number

• f
• f

visible visible satellites satellites

SKYPLOT_DEM tool

RELATED WORKS 2: RELATED WORKS 2: GDOP GDOP values values

SKYPLOT_DEM tool

RELATED WORKS: RELATED WORKS: E Evaluation valuation

• f
• f

contemporary contemporary state state

• f
• f

issue issue

• f
• f

GNSS GNSS planning planning



none

• f the

advanced tools solve planning systematic and complex (for end users)



there is not any tool for planning of individual surveying GNSS methods



for now, advanced tools are only on the level of scientific and research work



=> aim of the work

SCOPE AND AIM OF THE PROJECT



the aim is the creating of advanced application for planning of GNSS measurement on given locality with using GIS technology



the application for planning of measurement will examine the applicability of individual GNSS methods for the selected locality of measurement

AIM OF AIM OF the the WORK WORK

METHODS of SOLUTION



Factor algebra (to split locality into sub-areas)



Optimization (searching suitable GNSS method)



Fuzzy logic (GNSS measuring

• uncertainty

process)



Expert system (previous experience

• f

measuring)



Spatial analysis (DMT evaluation in GIS)



Discrete simulation/Data mining (prediction

• f

important parametres

• f

the sub-locality)

METHODS of SOLUTION



Optimization – for each sub-locality:

Where qj … quality of j-th surveying method ajk … parameter of j-th surveying method wjk … weight of parameter of j-th surveying method s … number of parameters of j-th surveying method.







s k jk jk j

s w a q

1

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: block block scheme scheme

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: geo geo-

• database

database

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: the the users users

• f
• f

application application



surveyors – manager planning of surveying methods on given locality



area of civil engineering and agriculture – for navigation of earthmoving machinery

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: process process control control ( (manager manager) )



the core of application



selection of needed data from geo-database



control of individual processes of planning (state diagram)



user interface



entry of the required parameters before evaluating



display of the results to the user

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: simulation simulation model model



formed mathematical relationships



in GIS simulation of real environment in which measurement is considered



solving of tasks:



processing of data from almanac



determining of obstacles of horizon



derivation availability of GNSS



derivation of the availability of the signal of mobile

• perator

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: spatial spatial analyses analyses



maximum usage

• f built-in functions in ArcGIS

software



in other cases, functional tools newly programmed with Python



realization of some tasks of a simulation model

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: expert expert system system



formed personal geo-databases created in Microsoft Access



parameters gathered from surveying experience



assumption verification after each measurement



design of database depending on the parameters influencing the accuracy of the GNSS methods

CONTEMPORARY RESULTS: :

state state diagram diagram of

• f

control control module module

CONTEMPORARY RESULTS: :

ER ER diagram diagram of

• f

database database

• f
• f

expert expert system system

CONTEMPORARY RESULTS: :

database database scheme scheme

• f
• f

expert expert system system

FUTURE WORK: FUTURE WORK: evaluation evaluation

• f
• f

planning planning



evaluation in graphic and text form



graphical outputs for viewing through GIS:



layer with plotting, where is possible / impossible to measure by the selected GNSS method



layers with information on the number of visible satellites, DOP values, multipath risks, intensity of mobile signal, ionospheric status, etc.



textual form as a protocol - information about the percentage evaluation

CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS



The aim is to create advanced application for planning GNSS based on GIS technology



application especially for surveyors, as well as in the field

• f

civil engineering and agriculture



So far this has been proposed:



block scheme of application with GIS support



mathematical model and objective function



state diagram of control module



database of expert system (ER diagram, database scheme)



next steps:



partial implementation of functional modules (according to block diagram) in Python (ArcGIS)



fulfillment of expert database sample data



testing and verification of application

Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention

contacts: Dalibor Bartoněk I rena Opatřilová

bartonek.d@fce.vutbr.cz opatrilovai@fce.vutbr.cz

I nstitute of Geodesy Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology Czech Republic