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The The Chal Challeng lenges es and and Adv Advances nces in in Mi Mixed Reality lity Vi Video deo Te Technology Photo: https://thevrbase.com p Richard A. Richar A. Kra Kramer, Aashut Aashutosh osh Y. Y. Ta Taikar, Sur Surabhi bhi Tu

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The The Chal Challeng lenges es and and Adv Advances nces in in Mi Mixed Reality lity Vi Video deo Te Technology

Photo: https://thevrbase.com

Richar Richard A.

  • A. Kra

Kramer, Aashut Aashutosh

  • sh Y.
  • Y. Ta

Taikar, Sur Surabhi bhi Tu Tushar Godambe, Godambe, Ha Haya Alor Alorayj, j, Wa Warit Paweenbam eenbampen en

p

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The The Challeng Challenges es and and Adv Advances ances in in Mi Mixed Reality ality Vi Video deo Technology chnology Vi Video deo Technology chnology Wh ld b h l i di l ? “Th lti t di pl ld f b What would be the ultimate display? “The ultimate display would, of course, be a room within which the computer can control the existence

  • f matter” Ivan Sutherland 1965 [4]
  • f matter

Ivan Sutherland, 1965 [4] Th h f Mi d R li b ! Thus the concept of Mixed Reality was born!

2

The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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SLIDE 3

The The Chal Challeng lenges es and and Adv Advances nces in in Mi Mixed Reality lity Vi Video deo Te Technology

Photo: https://thevrbase.com

Richar Richard A.

  • A. Kra

Kramer, Aashut Aashutosh

  • sh Y.
  • Y. Ta

Taikar, Sur Surabhi bhi Tu Tushar Godambe, Godambe, Ha Haya Alor Alorayj, j, Wa Warit Paweenbam eenbampen en

p

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SLIDE 4

Wh What at is is Mi Mixed Reality? ality? Wh What at is is Mi Mixed Reality? ality?

There is a continuum of virtual experiences that starts with our “Real environment”

  • “Augmented reality” augments our reality with for example a
  • Augmented reality augments our reality with, for example, a

holographic image of a real device

  • “Augmented virtuality” combines both real world and virtual elements

to create a hybrid real-world/virtual experience

  • A full “Virtual environment”, is often generally referred to as “Virtual

Reality” (VR). We collectively refer this continuum of virtual experiences which often

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[4] We collectively refer this continuum of virtual experiences, which often intermix, as “Mixed Reality” (MR) overall.

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So So to today, y, we we wo would lik like to to ta take you

  • u a journe
  • urney

y, y, y j y j y From here… To here… And finally – here

Ruins of the Temple of Hera in Greece

And finally – here.

It is not an easy journey or otherwise it It is not an easy journey, or otherwise it would not have taken 52 years

5

The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[42,43]

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Ta Taking yo you to to the the fo forefront of

  • f the

the challeng challenges es and and adv advances ances in in Mi Mixed Reality ality video video technology chnology adv advances ances in in Mi Mixed Reality ality video video technology chnology

Agenda and Motivation:

Mixed Reality image capture technology Mixed Reality image capture technology

Because accurately linking the objects to video is most critical!

Mixed Reality encoding technology Expanding HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) technology for MR Mixed Reality display technology Ranging from $5.95 to thousands of dollars! Other Advanced Mixed Reality Applications and Breakthroughs

6

[28,39,41]

The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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Agenda enda g

Mixed Reality image capture technology Mixed Reality encoding technology Mi d R lit di l t h l Mixed Reality display technology Other Advanced Mixed Reality Applications and Breakthroughs Conclusion

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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Mi Mixed Reality ality Im Image Captur Capture Technology chnology Mi Mixed Reality ality Im Image Captur Capture Technology chnology

Vision Mapping

  • Effective field of view
  • Inductive field of view

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[10]

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Mi Mixed Reality ality Im Image Captur Capture Technology chnology Mi Mixed Reality ality Im Image Captur Capture Technology chnology

Image processing

  • Radial Distortion

Barrel Pincushion Mustache

  • Peripheral Distortion
  • Blur caused by object oriented in a different angle

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[11]

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Mi Mixed Reality ality Im Image Captur Capture Technology chnology Mi Mixed Reality ality Im Image Captur Capture Technology chnology

Tracking and positioning in video for Mixed Reality

  • 1. Sensor Based

2. Vision based 3 Hybrid tracking

  • 3. Hybrid tracking

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[11]

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Mi Mixed Reality ality Im Image Captur Capture Technology chnology Mi Mixed Reality ality Im Image Captur Capture Technology chnology

  • Sensor Based Tracking
  • Sensors coupled with camera are used to track various

parameters related to the orientation of camera.

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[3]

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Mi Mixed Reality ality Im Image Captur Capture Technology chnology Mi Mixed Reality ality Im Image Captur Capture Technology chnology

  • Vision Based Tracking
  • Marker-based
  • Marker less
  • Marker-less

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[3]

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Mi Mixed Reality ality Im Image Captur Capture Technology chnology Mi Mixed Reality ality Im Image Captur Capture Technology chnology

  • Hybrid Tracking
  • Sensor based +

Vision based Sensor based + Vision based

  • Better accuracy
  • Higher latency

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[12]

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Agenda enda g

Mixed Reality image capture technology Mixed Reality encoding technology Mixed Reality display technology Mixed Reality display technology Other Advanced Mixed Reality Applications and Breakthroughs Conclusion

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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Vi Video deo Coding Coding La Layering ring Vi Video deo Coding Coding La Layering ring

  • Modern day video CODEC encode video into layers
  • The base layer is always used
  • The base layer is always used
  • Layering is based on NAL (Network Abstraction Layers)NAL
  • Based on the capabilities of the decoder, the layers can be used

p y

  • r discarded

15

[44, 45, 46]

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SLIDE 16

Proposed

  • posed enhancem

enhancemen ent la layers fo for MV MV Proposed

  • posed enhancem

enhancemen ent la layers fo for MV MV

16

[5]

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Mi Mixed Reality ality Enc Encoding ding Technology chnology Mi Mixed Reality ality Enc Encoding ding Technology chnology

Encoding the MR video streams using standard encoders g g require the videos to be in a planar 2-D format and not in a 3-D immersive environment Mapping Techniques

  • Uniform Quality Mappings
  • Non Uniform Quality Mappings
  • Non Uniform Quality Mappings

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[14]

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Vi Viewport port Adap Adaptiv tive Enc Encoding ding Vi Viewport port Adap Adaptiv tive Enc Encoding ding

Multi-resolution Cubemap Projection Equirectangular Projection

18

[15]

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Vi Viewport port Adap Adaptiv tive Enc Encoding ding

Pyramidal Mapping and Projection Square Pyramidal Mapping and Projection Truncated Pyramidal Mapping and Projection

19

[15]

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Obj Object ct Based Based Enc Encoding ding Obj Object ct Based Based Enc Encoding ding

Proposed Encoder Block Diagram RFM: Reference Frame Memory F: Information Filter RFP: Reference Frame Padding

20

[16] g

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Obj Object ct Based Based Enc Encoding ding Obj Object ct Based Based Enc Encoding ding

Pseudo-cylindrically projected original bear attack sequence Boundary block padded M i l t d f f

21

[16]

Manipulated reference frame

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Agenda enda g

Mixed Reality image capture technology Mixed Reality encoding technology Mixed Reality display technology Mixed Reality display technology Other Advanced Mixed Reality Applications and Breakthroughs Conclusion

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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Mi Mixed Reality ality Di Displ splay Technology chnology Mi Mixed Reality ality Di Displ splay Technology chnology

Mixed reality technology categories

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[18]

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Mi Mixed Reality ality Di Displ splay Technology chnology Mi Mixed Reality ality Di Displ splay Technology chnology

Google Cardboard:

  • 1. Portable
  • 2. Affordable price
  • 3. Compatible with most smart phones
  • Display: two frames become one scene

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[20, 21, 22]

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Mi Mixed Reality ality Di Displ splay Technology chnology Mi Mixed Reality ality Di Displ splay Technology chnology

Samsung Gear VR:

  • 1. Portable.
  • 2. Affordable price.
  • 3. Touchpad
  • 4. Inertial Measurement Unit
  • 4. Inertial Measurement Unit
  • 5. USB port to charge it.

Figure 20: Gear VR[25] Garbage classification[26] 25

The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[25, 26]

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Mi Mixed Reality ality Di Displ splay Technology chnology Mi Mixed Reality ality Di Displ splay Technology chnology

Evaluation between Google Cardboard and Gear VR

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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Mi Mixed Reality ality Di Displ splay Technology chnology Mi Mixed Reality ality Di Displ splay Technology chnology

Microsoft’s HoloLens MR See-Through Technology  Multiple cameras  Accelerometer  Gyroscope sensors to track head location and  Gyroscope sensors to track head location and movement  Engine to locate objects  Audio system  Display system  Transparent lenses  $$$$$

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[39]

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Agenda enda g

Mixed Reality image capture technology Mixed Reality encoding technology Mi d R lit di l t h l Mixed Reality display technology Other Advanced Mixed Reality Applications and Breakthroughs Conclusion

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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Ot Other her Adv Advanced anced Mi Mixed Reality ality Applic Applications ions and and Br Breakthr eakthroughs

  • ughs

Br Breakthr eakthroughs

  • ughs

Mixed Reality application fields:

  • Entertainment
  • Training
  • T

i

  • Tourism

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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En Entert rtainm ainmen ent En Entert rtainm ainmen ent

  • The most popular application for entertainment, is gaming

From: https://www.wired.com/video/2016/02/this-room-size

  • vr-game-makes-you-into-an-actual-action-hero/

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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Training aining Milit ilitary ary Pe Personal Training aining Milit ilitary ary Pe Personal

  • Augmented Reality for Close Quarters Combat from Sandia

National Laboratories

Source: Augmented Reality for Close Quarters Combat (CQB) - Umbra Simulation Framework, from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ja6oy3I1rdw 31

The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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Ot Other her Adv Advanced anced Mi Mixed Reality ality Applic Applications ions and and Br Breakthr eakthroughs

  • ughs

Br Breakthr eakthroughs

  • ughs

Tourism

  • Archeoguide

g

(a) Actual ruins of the temple of Hera (b) Augmented reality of ruins of temple of Hera 32

The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[30]

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SLIDE 33

Ot Other her Adv Advanced anced Mi Mixed Reality ality Applic Applications ions and and Br Breakthr eakthroughs

  • ughs

Br Breakthr eakthroughs

  • ughs

Tourism

  • Archeoguide

g

33

The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

[30]

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SLIDE 34

See See‐thr through ugh technology chnology See See thr through ugh technology chnology

Hololens Why?

  • More advance technology
  • Walk Safe

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

  • Walk Safe
slide-35
SLIDE 35

Mi Microsof

  • ft Holole

lolens ns Mi Microsof

  • ft Holole

lolens ns

What can it do?

  • 3D picture, animated

p ,

  • Use well-Known applications:

YouTube, Skype, MS Office, etc.

  • Holotour
  • Holomeasure
  • Games

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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SLIDE 36

Fr From

  • m Ar

Archeoguide cheoguide to to Holole lolens ns Fr From

  • m Ar

Archeoguide cheoguide to to Holole lolens ns

What it can do?

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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SLIDE 37

Ot Other her Adv Advanced anced Mi Mixed Reality ality Applic Applications ions and and Br Breakthr eakthroughs

  • ughs

Br Breakthr eakthroughs

  • ughs

Is this THE FUTURE? Answer: YES And NO

Source: http://www.business-opportunities.biz/2012/02/ starbucks-augmented-reality-cup/ From: http://spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/bionics/ augmented-reality-in-a-contact-lens/eyesb1 37

The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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Conclusion Conclusion – the the bes best of

  • f both

both wo worlds… Conclusion Conclusion the the bes best of

  • f both

both wo worlds…

Mixed Reality image capture technology We are excited about new advances to identify the most effective field of view based on both vision technology and motion sensing to apply precious image based o bot v s o tec

  • ogy a d
  • t o se s

g to app y p ec ous age processing resources only where such resources would be most useful – thus accurate tracking of image coordinates with the image are critical Mixed Reality encoding technology Mixed Reality encoding technology We are encouraged based on the merits of various encoding technologies via layering and various 360-degree mapping schemes to provide the absolute best use of precious video bandwidth. Mixed Reality display technology While very affordable solutions have been offered, we find that you “get what you pay for”. We are excited about “see through” g y p y f g technology yet it is not yet affordable. Other Advanced Mixed Reality Applications and Breakthroughs We are impressed by see through technology and how the combination of real-

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

We are impressed by see through technology and how the combination of real- world and MR is the “the best of both worlds”!

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Re References Re References

[1] 3dglasses101, "3dglasses101," 24 June 2014. [Online]. Available: https://3dglasses101.wordpress.com/2014/06/29/3d-glasses-a-technology-worth-the-wait/. [2] I. E. Sutherland, "The Ultimate Display," Information Processing Techniques Office, ARPA, OSD, 1965. [3] G Singh and A Mantri "Ubiquitous Hybrid Tracking Techniques for Augmented Reality Applications " [3] G. Singh and A. Mantri, Ubiquitous Hybrid Tracking Techniques for Augmented Reality Applications, in IEEE Proceedings of 2015 RAECS UIET Panjab University Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India, 2015. [4] Doc-OK.org, "A developer's perspective on immersive 3D computer graphics, Zspace: a turn-key holographic display," 26 January 2013. [Online]. Available: http://doc-ok.org/?p=322. [Accessed 21 April 2017]. [5] A. Kondoz and T. Dagiuklas, Novel 3D Media Technologies, New York, New York: Springer, 2015. [6] H. Park, H. Yoon and J. Hwang, "Prospect of the Next-generation digital content industry: Three perspective approach to the User acceptance of the Realistic content technology," in IEEE/ICACT 2016 : 18th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Communications Technology, Phoenix Park, PyeongChang, Korea, 2016. [7] M. Swant, "New Study Says People Are More Likely to Buy From Brands That Use Virtual Reality," AdWeek, 2016. , [8] StartVR, "STUDY: CONSUMERS MORE LIKELY TO BUY FROM BRANDS USINO VR," 2016. [Online]. Available: https://startvr.co/vr-study/. [Accessed 20 April 2017]. [9] D. Sellami, K. Marwa and M. Krid, "A survey of AR systems and a case study of virtual keyboard based camera projector system," in IEEE IPAS’16: INTERNATIONAL IMAGE PROCESSING APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 2016, Hammamet, Tunisia, 2016. [ ] h d hi h i l li i d [10] Z. Gong, W. Peng, X. Zhang and X. Shi, "Research on Virtual Reality Image Processing System Based

  • n Medical Platformaper," in IEEE, 2015.

[11] E. Marchand, H. Uchiyama and F. Spindler, "Pose Estimation for Augmented Reality: A Hands-On Survey," 2016. [12] Joe, "gizmochina," 29 Feb 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.gizmochina.com/2016/02/29/vr- box-is-an-enhanced-google-cardboard-version-for-30/.

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box is an enhanced google cardboard version for 30/.

The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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Re References Re References

[13] D. P. Kaur and A. Mantri, "Computer Vision and Sensor fusion for efficient Hybrid Tracking in Augmented Reality Systems," in IEEE, 2015. [14] M. Hafeeda and T. El-Ganainy, "Streaming Virtual Reality Content," 2016. [15] K Shreedhar A Alireza H Miska and G Moncef "Viewport-adaptive Encoding and Streaming of 360 [15] K. Shreedhar, A. Alireza, H. Miska and G. Moncef, Viewport adaptive Encoding and Streaming of 360 degree Video for Virtual Reality Applications," 2016. [16] R. Youvalar, A. Aminlou, M. Hannuksela and M. Gabbouj, "Coding of 360-Degree Pseudo-Cylindrical Panoramic Video for Virtual Reality Applications," in 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia, 2016. [17] H. Debarba, S. Perrin, B. Herbelin and R. Boulic, "Embodied interaction using non planar projections i i i i t l lit " i P di f 21 t ACM S i Vi t l R lit S ftw d in immersive virtual reality," in Proceedings of 21st ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 2015. [18] C. Anthes, R. J. García-Hernández, M. Wiedemann and D. Kranzlmüller, "State of the art of virtual reality technology," in 2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT, 2016. [19] J. Melzer, "Head-Mounted Displays," in Digital Avionics Handbook, 2014, pp. 257-280. [20] "Google Cardboard " Google [Online] Available: https://vr google com/cardboard/ [Accessed May [20] Google Cardboard, Google, [Online]. Available: https://vr.google.com/cardboard/. [Accessed May 2017]. [21] W. Powell, V. Powell, P. Brown, M. Cook and J. Uddin, "Getting Around in Google Cardboard – Exploring Navigation Preferences with Low-Cost Mobile VR," in 2016 IEEE 2nd Workshop on Everyday Virtual Reality (WEVR), Greenville, SC, 2016. [22] A. Fabola, A. Fawcett and R. Miller, "Exploring the Past with Google Cardboard," in 2015 Digital i d 5 Heritage, Granada, 2015. [23] "UPLOAD," [Online]. Available: https://uploadvr.com/review-gear-vr-2017-galaxy-s8-daydream- comparison/. [Accessed May 2017]. [24] "Know Your Mobile," [Online]. Available: http://www.knowyourmobile.com/wearable- technology/samsung-gear-vr/23504/samsung-gear-vr-2017-review-virtual-reality-specs-price- features-release-date-detailed-examined-vs-google-daydream-view. [Accessed May 2017].

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features release date detailed examined vs google daydream view. [Accessed May 2017].

The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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Re References Re References

[25] "Samsung," Samsung, [Online]. Available: http://www.samsung.com/global/galaxy/gear-vr/. [Accessed May 2017]. [26] X. Hu, R. Su and L. He, "The Design and Implementation of the 3D Educational Game Based on VR Headsets," in 2016 International Symposium on Educational Technology (ISET), Beijing, 2016. [27] Ramadhanakbr, "Microsoft Hololens," 1 October 2016. [Online]. Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ramahololens.jpg. [Accessed 10 May 2017]. [28] ColdFusion, "Microsoft Hololens Explained! - The Future Of Computing," 13 May 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwY-6sQDYnk. [Accessed 9 May 2017]. [29] D. Chatzopoulos, C. Bermejo, Z. Huang and P. Hui, "Mobile Augmented Reality Survey: From Where W A t Wh W G " IEEE A 2017 We Are to Where We Go," IEEE Access, 2017. [30] V. Vlahakis et al., "Archeoguide: an augmented reality guide for archaeological cites". IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. [31] C. E. Hughes, C. B. Stapleton, D. E. Hughes and E. M. Smith, "Mixed reality in education, entertainment, and training," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Nov.-Dec 2005. [32] K T Jensen "Screenshot of the video game Pokémon Go with Doduo and a Poké Ball " Niantic 13 [32] K. T. Jensen, Screenshot of the video game Pokémon Go with Doduo and a Poké Ball, Niantic, 13 July 2016. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pokemon_Go_screenshot.jpg. [Accessed 10 May 2017]. [33] R. Freitas and P. Campos, "SMART: a SysteM of Augmented Reality for Teaching 2nd Grade Students," 2008. [34] V. Callaghan, M. Gardner, B. Horan, J. Scott, L. Shen. and M. Wang, "A Mixed Reality Teaching and i i b id i d d i Learning Environment," Hybrid Learning and Education, 2008. [35] D. Poelman and R. van Krevelen, "A Survey of Augmented Reality Technologies, Applications and Limitations". [36] A. PEÑA-RIOS, V. CALLAGHAN, M. GARDNER and a. M. ALHADDAD, "The InterReality Portal: A Mixed Reality Cocreative Intelligent Learning Environment". [37] M N hd h d T I "S tti th b t i f i t l t h i i d lit h i l

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[37] M. Nawahdah and a. T.Inoue, "Setting the best view of a virtual teacher in a mixed reality physical- task learning support system".

The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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Re References Re References

[38] C.-W. Chang, J.-H. Lee, C.-Y. Wang and G.-D. Chen, "Improving the authentic learning experience by integrating robots into the mixed-reality environment". [39] Navy Recruiting Command Public Affairs, "US Navy Showcases Cutting-Edge Virtual Reality Experience " 5 October 2016 [Online] Available: Experience, 5 October 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=97051. [Accessed 20 April 2017]. [40] L. Faw, "Navy Deploys VR Combat Simulators To Engage Potential Recruits," Mediapost.com, 11 October 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/286634/navy-deploys-vr. [Accessed 20 April 2017] April 2017]. [41] Photo [Online], available at: https://thevrbase.com/is-virtual-reality-harmful-for-your-eyes/ [42] Photo [Online], available at: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/classics/students/modules/greekreligion/database/te mplate-copy12/ [43] Photo [Online], available at: http://www.roadtovr.com/nvidia-gtc-2016-conference-makes- virtual-reality-a-top-topic-this-april/ [44] Polycom Whitepaper, “More Scale at Lower Cost with Scalable Video Coding”, November 2010 [45] Snježana Rimac-Drlje1, Ognjen Nemčić, Mario Vranješ, “Scalable Video Coding Extension of th H 264/AVC St d d” 50th I t ti l S i ELMAR 2008 9 12 the H.264/AVC Standard”, 50th International Symposium ELMAR-2008, pgs. 9-12, September 10-12, 2008. [46] Thomas Schierl, Sam Narasimhan, “Transport and Storage Systems for 3-D Video Using MPEG-2 Systems, RTP, and ISO File Format”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 99, No 4, pages 671-683, April, 2011.

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology

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SLIDE 43

Ques Questions?

  • ns?

Ques Questions?

  • ns?

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The Challenges and Advances in Mixed Reality Video Technology