[PPT] - 3D Product Models and IFC of IAI Nobuyoshi Yabuki, Ph.D., P.E. PowerPoint Presentation

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3D Product Models and IFC of IAI

Nobuyoshi Yabuki, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor

Dept of Civil Eng & Arch Muroran Inst of Tech, Hokkaido, Japan

January 28, 2006, at Akasaka Prince Hotel

Asia Construction IT Round Table Meeting

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OUTLINE

1. Introduction 2. Data Models 3. 3D Product Models 4. IFC of IAI 5. Product Models Developed by Yabuki Laboratory 6. Civil Engineering Group of IAI Japan Chapter 7. Conclusion

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1. Introduction

Problems in civil engineering

Fragmentation
Inefficient information exchange
Site construction
Public
Many stakeholders
Low productivity

Comparison of Labor Productivities (Unit: Yen/Man/Hour) 2,817 5,023 2002 3,714 3,531 1990 Construction Manufacturing Year

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Design Checking System 3D CAD System Estimation System Construction Planning System Structural Analysis System Design Generation System Construction Management System Maintenance System

Islands of Automation Much data are stowed away.

In the life cycle of civil infrastructures, many systems are used.

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Data sharing among various systems to increase

the efficiency.

Data input mistakes decrease.

Data Model Data Model

Therefore, a data model is needed.

Design Checking System Structural Analysis System Design Generation System 3D CAD System Estimation System Construction Planning System Construction Management System Maintenance System

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2. Data Models

1970s

IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification)

1984

Object-oriented technology
Not just CAD standard, necessity of data models for objects was

identified.

Not just 2D, but 3D for representing geometry of objects.
US: PDES (Product Data Exchange Standard)
Europe: ISO, TC184, SC4, ISO-10303，

STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data) 1991

PDES was merged with ISO-STEP.

Application Protocols and EXPRESS, EXPRESS-G were developed in ISO-STEP. However, in construction related area, the 3D model development was late.

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IFC of IAI

1994 Autodesk started IAI (Industry Alliance for Interoperability) for developing classes for buildings in C++ with 12 companies in the US. 1995 IAI invited other companies and foreign countries. 1997 IAI changed its name to International Alliance for Interoperability and became an international organization for developing Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for Architecture, Engineering & Construction (AEC).

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In Japan, Construction CALS/EC

1995 Ministry of Construction started CALS/EC Research Group． 1996 JACIC founded CALS Center. Data exchange formats for mainly 2D drawings, documents and photos. Product models proposed by other organizations

JHDM by Japan Highway Agency
SYMPHONY by Japanese steel bridge manufacturers, etc.

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3. IFC of IAI

Building Smart Mission

IAI is an alliance of organizations dedicated to bring about a coordinated change for the improvement of productivity and efficiency in the construction and facilities management industry (Building Smart). Our members engage in national-industrial programmes that aim to change the organisation, process and technology of the industry.

IFC : an object-oriented data model developed by IAI
IFC enables data sharing between CAD & non-CAD applications
Publicly Available Specification (PAS) of ISO TC184 SC4 since

November 2002.

De facto standard as a product model for buildings
The current version of IFC is Release 2x Edition 2, IFC2x2.

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11 Chapters of IAI, 24 Countries, 447 organizations (as of October 14, 2005)

Currently the IAI has the following chapters, listed in the

rder establishment. They all contribute actively to the
verall development of the IAI.
North American Chapter
German Speaking Chapter
UK Chapter
Japanese Chapter
Singaporean Chapter
Nordic Chapter
French Speaking Chapter
Australasian Chapter
Iberian Chapter
Italian Chapter
Chinese Chapter

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IfcColumn

Local Placement

Other Attributes

Name

IfcRepresentationItem IfcPropertySet

Elastic Modulus

Name Yield Point Unit Weight Steel Type

IfcPropertyDefinition

Name

IfcRoot IfcRelationship

Name

IfcProduct

Product Definition Shape

Local Placement Other Attributes

Name Wide flange shape Line Surface Solid

Item IfcObject

Other Attributes

Name Name

L i n k i n g L i n k i n g

Product Definition Shape

Basic elements of IFC

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4. Product Models Developed by Yabuki

Laboratory at Muroran Inst of Tech 4.1 A Product Model for PC Bridges

We first developed our own product model for prestressed concrete bridges. However, we decided to develop product models based on IFC of IAI. We added necessary classes to IFC and modified it.

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( A B S ) I f c S p a t i a l S t r u c t u r e E l e m e n t

I f c B u i l d i n g

I f c B u i l d i n g S t

r

e y I f c S i t e

( A B S ) I f c P r

d

u c t ( A B S ) I f c E l e m e n t ( A B S ) I f c B u i l d i n g E l e m e n t ( A B S ) I f c O b j e c t

( A B S ) I f c R

t

I f c R e l C

n

t a i n e d I n S p a t i a l S t r u c t u r e

I f c B e a m I f c C

l

u m n

( A B S ) I f c R e l D e c

m

p

s

e s I f c R e l A g g r e g a t e s

( A B S ) I f c R e l a t i

n

s h i p

( A B S ) I f c R e l D e f i n e s

( A B S ) I f c P r

p

e r t y D e f i n i t i

n

( A B S ) I f c P r

p

e r t y S e t D e f i n i t i

n

I f c P r

p

e r t y S e t I f c R e l D e f i n e s B y P r

p

e r t i e s ( A B S ) I f c R e l C

n

n e c t s

R e l a t e d O b j e c t s S [ 1 : ? ] ( I N V ) I s D e f i n e d B y S [ : ? ] R e l a t i n g O b j e c t ( I N V ) I s D e c

m

p

s

e d B y R e l a t e d O b j e c t s S [ 1 : ? ] ( I N V ) D e c

m

p

s

e s S [ : ? ] R e l a t i n g P r

p

e r t y D e f i n i t i

n

( I N V ) P r

p

e r t y D e f i n i t i

n

O f S [ : 1 ] R e l a t i n g S t r u c t u r e ( I N V ) C

n

t a i n s E l e m e n t s S [ : ? ] R e l a t e d E l e m e n t s S [ 1 : ? ] ( I N V ) C

n

t a i n e d I n S t r u c t u r e S [ : 1 ] I f c T e x t I f c L a b e l D e s c r i p t i

n

N a m e I f c G l

b

a l l y U n i q u e I d I f c O w n e r H i s t

r

y G l

b

a l I d O w n e r H i s t

r

y I f c P r

d

u c t R e p r e s e n t a t i

n

O b j e c t P l a c e m e n t

I f c O b j e c t P l a c e m e n t

R e p r e s e n t a t i

n

O b j e c t T y p e I f c I d e n t i f e r T a g I f c L a b e l I f c I d e n t i f e r

I f c E l e m e n t C

m

p

s

i t i

n

E n u m

L

n

g N a m e C

m

p

s

i t i

n

T y p e

I f c S l a b

S l a b T y p e E n u m

P r e d e f i n e d T y p e

I f c P r

p

e r t y

H a s P r

p

e r t i e s S [ 1 : ? ]

C

n

c r e t e P r

p

e r t i e s V

i

d P r

p

e r t i e s P r e s t r e s s i n g S t r a n d P r

p

e r t i e s A n c h

r

i n g D e v i c e P r

p

e r t i e s R e b a r P r

p

e r t i e s S h e a t h P r

p

e r t i e s

S l a b O f B r i d g e C

n

c r e t e S t r u c t u r e E l e m e n t S l a b T y p e S l a b T y p e E n u m

F i x i n g T y p e C a b l e T y p e ( A B S ) C i v i l S t r u c t u r e E l e m e n t V

i

d P r e s t r e s s i n g S t r a n d A n c h

r

i n g D e v i c e R e b a r F i x i n g T y p e E n u m C a b l e T y p e E n u m S h e a t h

Classes added by us Classes added by us

Civil Engineering Civil Engineering Member Classes Member Classes

Property Sets Property Sets

Building Class Building Member Classes

IFC 2x

IfcRelContainedIn IfcRelContainedIn SpatialStructure SpatialStructure IfcRelDefinesByProperties IfcRelDefinesByProperties

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Integration and Application

Rebar Cover Checking System

Converter I Converter II

3D-CAD System PC Bridge Structural Design System (UC-1 of Forum8)

Converter III

3DProductModel

In order to check the validity and practicality of the developed product model, the product model was integrated with three application systems, and they were applied to a design case. AutoCAD

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Design Application: Analysis, Code Checking

Converter III

U/I of UC-1 of Forum 8

Representing necessary data for analysis and detailed design

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Sheath Rebar Interference Solid Prestressing Strand

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A rebar that violates the cover provision

Zoom

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4.2 A Product Model for Steel Girder Bridges and Virtual Reality

(ABS) IfcSpatialStructure Element IfcBuilding PlateGirder (ABS) IfcProduct (ABS) IfcElement (ABS) IfcObject (ABS) IfcRoot IfcRelContainedIn SpatialStructure (ABS) IfcRelDecomposes IfcRelAggregates (ABS) IfcRelationship (ABS) IfcRelDefines (ABS) IfcPropertyDefinition (ABS) IfcPropertySetDefinition IfcPropertySet IfcRelDefinesByProperties (ABS) IfcRelConnects

RelatedObjects S[1:?] (INV)IsDefinedBy S[0:?] RelatingObject (INV)IsDecomposedBy RelatedObjects S[1:?] (INV)Decomposes S[0:?] RelatingPropertyDefinition (INV)PropertyDefinitionOf S[0:1] RelatingStructure (INV)ContainsElements S[0:?] RelatedElements S[1:?] (INV)ContainedInStructure S[0:1] IfcText IfcLabel Description Name IfcGloballyUniqueId IfcOwnerHistory GlobalId OwnerHistory IfcProductRepresentation

ObjectPlacement

IfcObjectPlacement

Representation

ObjectType Tag IfcLabel IfcIdentifer

IfcElementComposition Enum

LongName CompositionType

IfcProperty

HasProperties S[1:?]

(ABS) IfcBuilding Element IfcBeam IfcColumn IfcSlab SlabTypeEnum

PredefinedType

(ABS) IfcElement Component IfcFastener IfcMechanical Fastener (ABS) IfcFeauture Element (ABS) IfcFeautureElement Subtruction IfcOpeningElement IfcRelVoids Element IfcRelConnects Elements

IfcPositiveLength Measure IfcPositiveLength Measure

NominalDiameter NominalLength

RelatedBuildingElement RelatedOpeningElement (INV)VoidsElements IfcIdentifer RelatedElements RelatingElements PlateGirderType

OhterSteel Builtup Element

BuiltupElementType

PlateGirder TypeEnum (ABS) CivilStructureElement SteelShape Element SteelPlate Element

PlateMemberType

PlateMember TypeEnum

ShapeMemberType

ShapeMember TypeEnum BuiltupElement TypeEnum Bolt Properties Nut Properties Washer Properties Welding Properties 拡張したクラス継承クラス必須属性オプション属性

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Immersion in Virtual Reality

Left eye Left eye Right eye ight eye

A Design System Using Virtual Reality

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1 6 c m

T r a n s m i t t e r R e c e i v e r L i q u i d c r y s t a l s h u t t e r g l a s s e s B

u

n d a r y

f

t r a n s m i t t e r

Sys System Layout em Layout

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Changed color by Changed color by clicking the object clicking the object．

VR-CAD based on Java-3D

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4.3 4D Data Models

Converter

4D CAD System

3D CAD System

Converter

Process Model Product Model

Converter

Earned Value Management System

Cost Estimation System

Unit Prices SPI, CPI, Quantities Schedule

Schedule System

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Microsoft Project An instance file of Process Model Retrieved data from MS Project

Current work performed Previous pay day Current pay day

Converter

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Section(B ) Section(C ) Section(D )

Section(A)

Section(E )

Product model Process model Converter

AutoCAD LDT

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EVMS

Microsoft Project and Visual Basic are linked by OLE (Object

Linking and Embedding) function.

Finish Start

High cost Fast High cost Slow Low cost Fast Low cost Slow

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Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5

4D Modeling

4.4 Application of 4D model for Analysis and Construction

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Comp. fixed
Hor. fixed

Stairway

Phase 1 Phase 3 Phase 4 (Water jet) Phase 2 (Water jet) Phase 5

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5. IFC-BRIDGE
Coincidentally, IAI French Speaking Chapter developed their bridge product

model around the same time we did. They proposed their model to IAI and named it IFC-BRIDGE. There were similarities between our model and theirs.

I visited SETRA (Service d’Etudes Techniques des Routes et Autoroutes),

which is the developer of IFC-BRIDGE to discuss bridge product models in April 2004.

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6. Civil Engineering Group of

IAI Japan Chapter

In November 2004, Civil Engineering Group of IAI Japan

Chapter was founded.

We have obtained funds for Joint Research with France

from JSPS and French Government.

We visited France to merge our product model with the

French IFC-BRIDGE in September 2005.

French group visited Japan to meet us and give

presentations to us.

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IFC-BRIDGE

Version 2.0 Data Model

Eric Lebègue Jean- Gual Nobuyoshi Yabuki November 2005

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General structure

IfcProduct IfcElement IfcBuildingElement IfcBridgeStructureElement IfcBridge RelatedElements S[1:?] Existing IFC 2x2 entity New entity IfcBuilding IfcRelAssignsToProduct RelatingProduct RelatedObjects S[1:?] IfcProject IfcSpatialStructureElement IfcRelAggregates RelatingObject RelatedObjects S[1:?] IfcRelContainedInSpatialStructure IfcBridgeElement

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Bridge Elements

IfcBridgeElement IfcBridgeSegment Segments S[1:?] IfcBridgeTendon IfcBridgeReinforcingBar IfcBridgeSingularInternalPoint WayPoints S[1:?] IfcElement IfcBridgeElementComponent IfcBridgeAnchoringDevice IfcBridgeVoid IfcBridgeSheath IfcBridgePrismaticElement

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IFC-ROAD

In the meeting of September 2005 at CSTB

in France, Alfred Stein, Germany, proposed IFC-ROAD effort, similar to IFC-BRIDGE, based on OKSTRA and IFC, with France, Norway, and Japan.

The Civil Engineering Group of IAI Japan

Chapter is going to cooperate with their efforts.

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Integration of Cyber Infrastructures and Real Infrastructures

Cyber Infrastructures CAD/CG FEM Other Analysis Software Packages GIS Databases Middleware Design Checking Software Project Management CBR System Data Mining Multi-Agents Linking Sensor Data Sensor Networks RFID Information (Order, Advices, and Support) Various Appliances, Equipment, and Machines Roads, Bridges, Tunnels, Railways, Stations, Rivers, Dams, Hydraulic Gates, Causways, Ports, Sewages, Agricultural Infrastructures, Power Stations, Transmission Lines, Gas Facilities, Communication Facilities, etc. Real Infrastructures People Data Models (Product Models, Sensor Data Models, etc.)

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7. Conclusions
Time has come for 3D models in civil engineering.
IAI will continuously play an important role for developing

product models in AEC.

Some product models developed by our group were

introduced here including PC and steel girder bridges, cut and fill earthworks, and hydroelectric power stations.

Immersion VR-CAD will be an important user interface to

3D/4D data models.

We will need business process reengineering as well as

information exchange by product models in order to increase the productivity and efficiency in a great deal.

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Thank you.

Email: yabuki@news3.ce.muroran-it .ac.j p URL: ht t p:/ / yb3.ce.muroran-it .ac.j p/