The Status of Fluidized Bed Technology in Italy Fabrizio Scala Department of Chemical, Materials and Process Engineering University Federico II of Naples Napoli (Italy) 2016
IEA Scenario Energy Challenges New Policies Scenario Toward Low Carbon Technology 450 Scenario World energy-related CO 2 emissions abatement in the 450 Scenario relative to the New Policies Scenario. 2016
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low territorial density, not homogenous geographical distribution seasonality, it’s necessary optimise the storage to have a constant feed to the plant of energy conversion choose of correct energy conversion technique adapted to the territorial context 2016
Availability of bioenergy in Europe Mtoe/yr Year Biomass type 2000 2010 2020 Forestry by products & (refined) wood fuels 34 38 42 Solid agricultural residues 25 28 31 Solid industrial residues 11 12 13 Solid energy crops* 16 16 16 Total 86 93 101 Bio-ethanol* 3.07 3.07 3.07 Bio-diesel* 1.02 1.02 1.02 Transport fuels 4.09 4.09 4.09 *: It is assumed that 50% of the set-aside area is available for solid energy crops and 25% each for liquid bio- fuel (bio-ethanol and biodiesel) crops 2016
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BIOMASS COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES Fixed grate Moving grate BFBC CFBC 2016
BIOMASS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES Fixed bed Fluidized bed 2016
BIOMASS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES Typical selection criteria 2016
WHY GASIFICATION ? 2016
COMMERCIAL FLUIDIZED BED FACILITIES IN ITALY (> 1 MWe) Owner/ Type Start-up Capacity Fuel Location (supplier) AGSM BFBC 1992 21.8 MWe RDF Verona (Thyssen) Tossilo FICFBC 1994 2 MWe RDF Macomer (Ebara) Veolia BFBC 1999 5.7 MWe RDF Pietrasanta (Kvaerner) HERA BFBC 1999 6.5 MWe RDF Ravenna (EPI) Cartiere Burgo BFBC 1999 3.2 MWe Paper sludge Mantova (EPI) Scarlino Energia BFBC 1999 19.5 MWe RDF Scarlino (Ex-Dorr Oliver) Sicet FICFBC 1999 20 MWe Wood, Bark Ospitale di Cadore (AE Energietechnik) Lomellina Energia CFBC 2000 15 MWe RDF Parona 1 (Foster Wheeler) Cartiere Burgo BFBC Paper sludge, wood 2001 7 MWe Verzuolo (EPI) waste A2A BFBC 2002 11.5 MWe RDF Bergamo (EPI) Marcegaglia BFBC 2002 14 MWe Wood chips Cutro (Fortum) Marcegaglia BFBC 2003 12.3 MWe RDF Massafra (EPI) Biomasse Italia CFBC 2003 40 MWe Biomass Strongoli (SES Tlmače) A2A BFBC 2003 8.7 MWe RDF Corteolona (Kvaerner) ENEL Produzione CFBC 2005 340 MWe Coal, biomass Sulcis (Alstom) Ecologia Oggi BFBC 2005 17.2 MWe RDF Gioia Tauro (Kvaerner) Lomellina Energia CFBC 2007 17 MWe RDF Parona 2 (Foster Wheeler) IG BFBC 2013 18.7 MWe Eucalyptus Wood Waste Enna (EPI) Marcegaglia BFBC 2015 14 MWe RDF Manfredonia (Ansaldo) BFBC bubbling fluidized bed combustor CFBC circulating fluidized bed combustor 2016 FICFBC fast internally circulating fluidized bed combustor
COMMERCIAL FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTORS ENEL SULCIS – 800 MW th circulating fluidized bed boiler 2016
COMMERCIAL FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTORS In the last five years (2011-15) only two new commercial fludized bed combustors have started up in Italy. • In 2013 a biomass-fired bubbling fludized bed combustor (using a boiler design by EPI – now Outotec) with 18.7 MWe capacity was put in operation in Enna (Sicily) by IG Operation and Maintenance S.p.A. • In 2015 a RDF-fired bubbling fludized bed combustor (using a boiler design by Ansaldo) with 14 MWe capacity was put in operation in Manfredonia (Puglia) by Energie Tecnologie Ambiente (Marcegaglia Energy Group). Some other projects of commercial fluidized bed combustors are currently under evaluation, but their real construction is still uncertain because of the opposition by local people and environmental organizations. 2016
RESEARCH CENTERS IN ITALY ON FBC/FBG INSTITUTION OR COMPANY OWNER MAIN ACTIVITY WEB SITE TYPE OF INTEREST IN FBC CNR - Istituto di Ricerche sulla Ministry of Research www.irc.cnr.it - Fundamental and applied research Combustione Education, institute in fluidized bed combustion, University and gasification and pyrolysis Research Università Federico II di Napoli - Ministry of Public www.dicmapi.unina.it - Fundamental and applied research Dipartimento di Ingegneria Education, University in fluidized bed combustion, Chimica, dei materiali e della University and gasification and pyrolysis Produzione Industriale Research - Fundamental research on SO2 and CO2 sorbent particle behavior Seconda Università di Napoli - Ministry of Public www.distabif.unina2.i - Fundamental and applied research Dipartimento di Scienze e Education, University t in fluidized bed combustion, Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche University and gasification and pyrolysis of wastes e Farmaceutiche Research and biomasses - Fluidized bed processing of plastics for recycle Università dell'Aquila - Ministry of Public www.univaq.it/sectio - Fundamental research on fluid Dipartimento di Ingegneria Education, University n.php?id=220 dynamics and fluidized bed Industriale e dell'Informazione e University and gasification di Economia Research Università di Salerno - Ministry of Public http://www.diin.unis - Fundamental research on fluidized Dipartimento di Ingegneria Education, University a.it/diin_en/index_en bed torrefaction , pyrolysis and Industriale University and gasification of agri-food residues Research Università di Teramo - Ministry of Public www.unite.it/UniTE/E - Fundamental and applied research Facoltà di Bioscienze e Tecnologie Education, University ngine/RAServePG.php on fluidized bed gasification of Agro-Alimentari e Ambientali University and /P/25671UTE0451 biomass Research ENEA - Trisaia Research Center Ministry of Research www.trisaia.enea.it - Applied research on fluidized bed Economic institute gasification of biomass Development ENEA – Casaccia Research Center Ministry of Research www.enea.it/it/centr - Applied research on fluidized bed Economic institute o-ricerche-casaccia gasification of coal with CO2 capture 2016 Development
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale Scuola Politecnica e delle Scienze di Base Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Multiphase Chemical Reaction Engineering Group 2016
Selected topics in Thermochemical conversion of solid fuels and development of CCS technologies UNINA: Piero Salatino, Fabrizio Scala, Fabio Montagnaro, Federica Raganati, Maurizio Troiano, Claudio Tregambi IRC: Riccardo Chirone, Osvalda Senneca, Roberto Solimene, Massimo Urciuolo, Giovanna Ruoppolo, Paola Ammendola, Antonio Coppola 2016
Thermochemical conversion of solid fuels Fundamentals of solid fuel combustion/gasification 2016
Thermochemical conversion of solid fuels 2016
Cyclone Thermochemical conversion of solid fuels Fluidized bed gasification < 0,04 MW Thermal power < 15 m 3 ∙h -1 Air feed rate < 2 kg∙h -1 Steam feed rate < 5 kg∙h -1 Fuel feed rate Solids discharge < 950 ° C Temperature 2016
Hydrodynamics of multiphase systems Laser diagnostics of multiphase flow in the freeboard 2016
Dynamics of multiphase systems The 100kWth peak solar CSP pilot plant 2016
Development of CCS-ready combustion technologies Looping cycles for CCS-ready solid fuel combustion CO 2 capture by temperature swing adsorption in a sound-assisted fluidized beds Adsorbent Materials Metal Organic Framework Activated Carbons (HKUST-1) Zeolites (13X, H-ZSM-5, Na-Y, NH 4 -Y) 2016
Thank you for your kind attention! 2016
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