The so soci cial an and economic im impact of of ag agave waste - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The so soci cial an and economic im impact of of ag agave waste - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 29, 2023 383 likes •553 views

The so soci cial an and economic im impact of of ag agave waste uti tili lization in in Mexican liq liquor in industries Estrada-Alvarado 2 and L. G. Viniegra-Gonzlez 1 , V. de Rio-Guerra* 2 , M.I. Chvez 2 G. del Ri I. Es L.A.

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The so soci cial an and economic im impact of

  • f ag

agave waste uti tili lization in in Mexican liq liquor in industries

G.

  • G. Viniegra-González1, V. de

del Ri Rio-Guerra*2, M.I.

  • I. Es

Estrada-Alvarado2 and L. L.A. Cir Cira-Ch Chávez2

1Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Departamento de Biotecnología. Ciudad de México 2Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora. Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias. Ciudad Obregón,

Sonora

MÉXICO

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Cedeño (1995)

Geographical Indication (GI) areas of tequila, mezcal and bacanora in Mexico. Own elaboration with information from Consejo Regulador del Tequila (https://www.crt.org.mx/), Consejo Regulador del Mezcal (https://www.crm.org.mx) and direct communication with Consejo Regulador del Bacanora

2

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17,400 ha 704,000 Mg 203 X 106 L 1995 - 2017 500,000 Mg LEAVES (WASTE)

https://www.crt.org.mx/EstadisticasCRTweb

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50 100 150 200 250 300 350 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Agave Stems (Mega Mg) Tequila (Mega L) Agave Stems (Mega Mg) Tequila (Mega L)

Own elaboration with information from Consejo Regulador del Tequila (https://www.crt.org.mx/)

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Agave maturation time

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$0 $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Average Stem Price (USD/Mg) Agave Stems (Mega Mg)

Own elaboration with information from Consejo Regulador del Tequila (https://www.crt.org.mx/) and Etatistics of agricultural production from Government of Mexico (http://infosiap.siap.gob.mx/aagricola_siap_gb/icultivo/index.jsp, https://datos.gob.mx/busca/dataset/estadistica-de-la- produccion-agricola). Prices adjusted to the exchange rate of pesos per USD according to BANXICO (http://www.banxico.org.mx/)

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Macías-Macías (2001)

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Long term production contracts Large tequila warehouses

…but this was not convenient for the peasants. How to solve this problem?

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Agave, Mezcales and diversity (CONABIO, 2006) Mexican Relief

Crassulaceae

CAM Metabolism Nobel (2006)

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45% Dry lands Agave Lands

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Own elaboration with information from BANXICO (http://www.banxico.org.mx/SieInternet/consultarDirectorioInternetAction.do?accion=consultarCuadroAnalitico&idCuadro=CA79&se ctor=1&locale=es)

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GI Agave Liquor

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Estimated production Mg (WW) A=Fiber (DW) Mg B=Fructans (DW) Mg A + B (DW) Mg % Stems (1.00) 54.2 2.2 8.7 10.9 56.5 Leaves (0.77) 41.8 1.7 6.7 8.4 43.5 Total 96.0 3.9 15.4 19.3 100.0

WW= Wet Weight DW= Dry Weight

Own elaboration with information obtained from SAGARPA and Consejo Regulador del Tequila. Average stem production was calculated from 941,800 Mg of stems harvested in 17,388.6 ha. Fiber and Fructans were estimated assuming 4% and 16% content, respectively. The factor 0.77 was taken from SAGARPA data discussed by AGARED

Íñiguez-Covarrubias et al (2001)

20% Dry Weight 4% Fiber 16% Fructans

Sánchez-Carmona et al (2017) Nobel (2006)

145,000 Mg solid waste to be recycled

from leaves

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Fiber recovery for textiles

  • Ixtle: mechanical decortication
  • Ixtle: manual decortication

Pulp utilization

  • Lactic acid fermentation (silages)
  • VFA production (biogas or PhB acid)

Santos et al (2011) Agave pulp silage substitues 50% of corn feedstuffs

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Mass balance Sales (2017 USD) Kg Low Price High Price A= Wet stemps 1000 142.00 2,050.00 B= Fiber (bulk) 40 14.80 32.00 C= Fiber (textil) 32 566.40 1,696.00 Comparisons 100(A+B) / A 110.4 % 101.6 % 100(A+C) / A 498.9 % 182.7 %

Stem prices (USD/kg): 0.142 – 2.05 (In this work) Bulk fiber prices (USD/kg): 0.37 – 0.80 (http://www.inforural.com.mx/bajan-precio-del-ixtle/) Textiles fiber prices (USD/kg): 17.7 – 53.0 (www.mercadolibre.com.mx)

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Larrison et al (2002) Isidiho et al (2016)

External driving forces (Govenment, Enterprises, etc.) Internal driving forces (Self-motivations with allegiances)

Madrid y Ladrón de Guevara (2013) Rodríguez y Patrón (2017)

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In Mexico, social assistance programs have had poor results. The aid is granted in a paternalistic way and without job creation objectives

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Women from Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, Mexico (Ya Munts'i B'ehña, SC de RL de CV) working in the field to obtain agave fiber. Photograph obtained from https://www.nepibehna.com/galeria

Jones et al (2011)

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Case of success. Coformation bottom-up

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https://inhabitat.com/kenya-introduces-worlds-harshest-law-on-plastic-bags/plastic-bag-pollution/

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  • Fiber recovery from waste agave leaves

can improve the rural income in the arid lands of Mexico

  • Best

way to proceed is to encourage bottom-up rural

  • rganization

with appropriate political and market allegiances

Bacanora R&D Sonora State - ITSON

Recent work in Ciudad Obregón, Sonora is oriented to the creation of a small cooperative network between commercial bacanora producers and local ixtle cottage industries, with the support of an agreement between the Consejo Sonorense Regulador del Bacanora and Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON), to put in practice, the ideas developed in this paper

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