The Organic Rankine Cycle Power Production from Low Temperature - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Organic Rankine Cycle Power Production from Low Temperature - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Lehrstuhl Lehrstuhl Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff E nergie E nergie S ysteme S ysteme The Organic Rankine Cycle Power Production from Low Temperature Heat Hartmut Spliethoff, Andreas Schuster Institute for

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SLIDE 1

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

The Organic Rankine Cycle –

Power Production from Low Temperature Heat

Hartmut Spliethoff, Andreas Schuster

Institute for Energy Systems Technische Universität München

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006

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SLIDE 2

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 2

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Contents

  • Introduction

– History… – Recapitulation Clausius Rankine Cycle

  • State of the Art Applications

– Biomass Combustion – Geothermal Power Plants

  • Innovative Applications

– Solar Desalination with Organic Rankine Cycle – Waste-heat recovery from biomass digestion plants

  • Conclusion and Outlook
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SLIDE 3

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 3

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

William John Macquorn Rankine * 5th July 1820 † 24th December 1872

  • Scottish physicist and

engineer

  • one of the founders of

thermodynamics

  • important contributions to

the theory of steam engine

WJM Rankine

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SLIDE 4

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 4

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff
  • !"

Jürgen Karl

  • !"

Jürgen Karl

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Jürgen Karl

  • !"

Jürgen Karl

  • M

#

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SLIDE 5

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 5

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff
  • !

0,01 0,1 1 10 100 1000 20 40 60 80 efficiency [%] power range [MW]

$% ## & &

Jürgen Karl, Dezentrale Energiesysteme

0,01 0,1 1 10 100 1000 20 40 60 80 efficiency [%] power range [MW]

$% ## & &

0,01 0,1 1 10 100 1000 20 40 60 80 efficiency [%] power range [MW]

$% ## & &

Jürgen Karl, Dezentrale Energiesysteme

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SLIDE 6

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 6

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

" #$%

The ORC uses organic substances instead of water as working fluid

  • Silicone Oils
  • Hydrocarbons
  • Fluorocarbons
  • !

Organic fluids lead to

  • higher turbine efficiencies due to the higher mass flow (leakage ↓)
  • low maintenance operation
  • good part load behavior
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SLIDE 7

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 7

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

& !'())*+

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100 200 300 400 500 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 spezific entropy [kJ/kgK] temperature [° C]

p=0,05 bar 1 bar 10 bar 100 bar x=0,2 0,4 0,6 , 8

1 2 3 4 5

100 200 300 400 500 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 spezific entropy [kJ/kgK] temperature [° C]

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50 100 150 200 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 spezific entropy [kJ/kgK] temperature [° C]

1 2 3 4 5 6

x = , 2 , 4 0,6 0,8 p=1 bar 5 bar 10 bar 25 bar

50 100 150 200 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 spezific entropy [kJ/kgK] temperature [° C]

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slide-8
SLIDE 8

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 8

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

50 100 150 200 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 spezific entropy [kJ/kgK] temperature [° C]

1 2 3 4 5 6

x=0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 p=1 bar 5 bar 10 bar 25 bar

50 100 150 200 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 spezific entropy [kJ/kgK] temperature [° C]

1 2 3 4 5 6

x=0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 p=1 bar 5 bar 10 bar 25 bar

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slide-9
SLIDE 9

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 9

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

2

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SLIDE 10

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 10

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

#$7 "!89:

  • Units from 500 kW up to

1500 kW available

  • Standardized Product

& %

  • #

& %

  • #
  • Units are delivered completely

assembled to installation site

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SLIDE 11

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 11

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

9 $!

Sauerlach – 700 kWel Toblach – 1500 kWel Fußach – 1100 kWel

  • Thermo oil loop

Organic Rankine Cycle

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SLIDE 12

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 12

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

:

  • dependency of electric

efficiency of exhaust gas losses of biomass boiler

  • flow temperature / return

temperature thermo oil 270 ° C / 220 ° C Electric Efficiency 10…12 % Manufacturer information

  • f 16…18 % don’t include

the furnace

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SLIDE 13

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 13

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff
  • www.geothermie.de

www.geothermie.de

Altheim 1000 kWel Neustadt-Glewe 210 kWel

Injection Bore Hole Bore Hole

15-110 m³/h

ORC System

21°C, 120-395 m³/h

Well Water processing Return Cooler

28°C 98°C

Injection Bore Hole Bore Hole

15-110 m³/h

ORC System

21°C, 120-395 m³/h

Well Water processing Return Cooler

28°C 98°C

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SLIDE 14

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 14

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

:&&

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SLIDE 15

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 15

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Innovative stand-alone solar desalination system with an Organic Rankine Cycle

Collector Loop Organic Rankine Cycle Osmosis Process

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SLIDE 16

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 16

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Design Criteria for ORC with solar heat

4,0 4,2 4,4 4,6 4,8 5,0 5,2 5,4 5,6 50 75 100 125 150 live steam temperature [° C] cycle efficiency [%] R236fa R134a R227 R245fa

  • Scroll expander for mechanical power in the

range of 10 kW

  • Scroll expander is a positve displacement

expansion machine

  • Different working fluids
  • ffer nearly the same

efficieny

  • Fluid with efficiency

maximum at the lowest posssible temperature fits best

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SLIDE 17

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 17

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Status of the project

The research was done in the framework

  • f the project RO-Solar-Rankine (COOP-

CT-2003-507997) funded by the European Comission. Therefore the TU München is much obliged.

  • The project is succesfully

finished

  • The expander efficiency is

between 60 and 70 % over a wide operation range

  • The cycle efficiency is

around 4 %

  • The fresh water production

is approximately 320 l/h with a thermal input of 35 kW

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SLIDE 18

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 18

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Waste-heat recovery from biomass digestion plants

$ * & +

  • ,

' !"

  • Grid

ORC System recovery with low temperature ORC

  • Gainful use of the excess heat of

the IC engine is important for the economic and energetic efficiency

  • Only 20…25 % of the waste heat
  • f the engine is needed for heating

the digester

  • The characteristics of heat

demand and the location of the digestion plants is hindering for the use of waste heat in district heating networks enhanced electricity production by the application of ORC

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SLIDE 19

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 19

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Case Study for biomass digestion plant

IC engine Thermo oil loop Organic Rankine Cycle Test Rig at TUM

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SLIDE 20

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 20

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Case Study for biomass digestion plant

  • Combustion Engine 555 kW

Deutz TCG 2016 V12

  • Electrical Power 537 kWel
  • Exhaust gas temperature of ~

490 ° C

  • Additional Power production of

35 kWel equivalent to an efficiency gain of 2.6 %

  • With an interest rate of 5 % and

7.500 full load hours electricity production cost of 5.65 €- Ct/kWh can be reached

5 C t 6 Ct 7 Ct 8 Ct 9 C t

O.R.

5 C t 6 Ct 7 Ct 8 Ct 9 C t

O.R.

5 C t 6 Ct 7 Ct 8 Ct 9 C t

O.R.

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SLIDE 21

Electricity generation, combined heat and power Strasbourg, 14 -16 September 2006 21

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Lehrstuhl

Energie Systeme

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Spliethoff

Conclusions:

  • Organic Rankine Cycles are a modification of the well known

Clausius Rankine Cycle

  • The use of organic fluids offer various advantages
  • The ORC technology for electricity production from biomass

and geothermal heat is state of the art

  • ORCs are also suitable for waste-heat recovery and power

production from solarthermal heat – these applications are subject of further research

  • ORC linked with Reverse Osmosis is a promising possibility

for seawater desalination