Joint I nstitute for Nuclear Research I nternational I ntergovernm ental Organization I nternational I ntergovernm ental Organization Dedicated to the memory of Albert Nikiforovich Tavkhelidze and Alexei Norairovich Sissakian The NICA Project at JINR A.S. Sorin (for the NICA/MPD collaboration) International Workshop “Bogoliubov readings” BLTP JINR, Dubna, September 25, 2010
High Energy Machines at JINR, Dubna the Laboratory of High Energy Physics 10 GeV Synchrophasotron put in operation in 1957 the first superconducting accelerator for relativistic ions NUCLOTRON launched in 1993 5
Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) Flagship project at JINR/Dubna New flagship project at JINR/Dubna Based on the technological development of the existing Nuclotron facility Based on the technological development of the existing Nuclotron facility Optimal usage of the existing infrastructure Optimal usage of the existing infrastructure Modern machine which incorporates new technological concepts Modern machine which incorporates new technological concepts Operational ~ 2015 Operational ~ 2016 NICA advantages: NICA advantages: optimal energy range √ √ s s NN NN = 4-11 GeV (system of max. baryon density) optimal energy range √ √ s s NN NN = 4-11 GeV (system of max. baryon density) rich nomenclature of colliding systems (from p+p to Au+Au) rich nomenclature of colliding systems (from p+p to Au+Au) high luminosity (up to 10 27 cm -2 s -1 for Au 79+ ) high luminosity (up to 10 27 cm -2 s -1 for Au 79+ )
The goal of the project is construction at JINR of a new accelerator facility, that provides 1a) Heavy ion colliding beams 197 Au 79+ x 197 Au 79+ at √ s NN = 4 ÷ 11 GeV (1 ÷ 4.5 GeV/u ion kinetic energy ) at L average = 1E27 cm -2 ⋅ s -1 (at √ s NN = 9 GeV) 1b) Light-Heavy ion colliding beams of the same energy range and luminosity 2) Polarized beams of protons and deuterons in collider mode: p ↑ p ↑ √ ↑ √ s pp = 12 ÷ 27 GeV (5 ÷ 12.6 GeV kinetic energy ) d ↑ d ↑ √ ↑ √ s NN = 4 ÷ 13.8 GeV (2 ÷ 5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic energy ) L average ≥ 1E30 cm -2 ⋅ s -1 (at √ s pp = 27 GeV) 3) The beams of light ions and polarized protons and deuterons for fixed target experiments: Li ÷ Au = 1 ÷ 4.5 GeV /u ion kinetic energy p, p ↑ = 5 ÷ 12.6 GeV kinetic energy d, d ↑ = 2 ÷ 5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic energy 4) Applied research on ion beams at kinetic energy from 0.5 GeV/u up to 12.6 GeV (p) and 4.5 GeV /u (Au)
8 � the study of BM could provide us with information on - in-medium properties of hadrons & nuclear matter equation of state (EOS) -onset of deconfinement (OD) & chiral symmetry restoration (CSR), -phase transition, mixed phase & critical end-point (CEP) -possible local parity violation (LPV) � the study of spin physics is aimed - to shed light on the origin of spin - to define the nucleon spin structure
Triple point ?
http://theor.jinr.ru/twiki-cgi/view/NICA/WebHome Triple point?
11 Optimal energy region to reach the highest possible baryon density heavy ion collision at √ S NN = 4 - 11 GeV/u Baryon density in A+A collisions J.Randrup, J.Cleymans PR C74 (2006)047901. J.Randrup, CPOD2010 NICA/MPD Collider fixed target Nuclotron energies
12 Available energy regions & its extension LE-RHIC scan NICA energy range Nuclotron energy range
13 Energy regions covered by present & future experiments 2 5 10 15 20 E cm , GeV/u LeRHIC LeRHIC Au Au NICA Au NICA Au Nuclotron Au Nuclotron Au NA49 Pb NA49 Pb SIS300 SIS18 U SIS100 Au kin E lab , GeV/u 1 3 10 20 50 100 200
14 Veksler & Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics accelerator facility FT experiment area Collider Nuclotron New Linac Booster Lu 20
15 Nuclotron desig obtaine Parameter n d 1<Z<4 � JINR HEP basic facility, in operation since Accelerated ions 1<Z<92 2 Energy, 6,A/Z= ‘93 5.2 GeV/amu 2 � based on the unique technology of 2.0 1.8 Magnetic field, T super-conducting fast cycling magnets 5 5 Inj. Ener. developed in JINR MeV/amu 1·10 -7 Vacuum 2·10 -9 � provides proton, polarized deuteron pressure,Torr 1·10 - & multi charged ion beams 1·10 -10 10 Nuclotron development plans: cold chamber 0,5 0,2 Repetition rate, � Nuclotron-M (vac., PS, orbit corr.) 2010 (Hz) Field ramp rate, (T/s) � Nuclotron-N (Krion-6, LU-20, RF) 2012 4 2 stand testing � Nuclotron-N* (New Linac, Booster) 2013 4,1 1,0 in the ring
16 Nuclotron beam intensity (particle per cycle) Beam New ion source Current Ion source type + booster (2013) p 3 ⋅ 10 10 5 ⋅ 10 12 Duoplasmotron d 3 ⋅ 10 10 5 ⋅ 10 12 --- ,, --- 4 He 8 ⋅ 10 8 1 ⋅ 10 12 --- ,, --- d ↑ 2 ⋅ 10 8 ABS (“Polaris”) 1 ⋅ 10 10 (SPI) 7 Li 8 ⋅ 10 8 Laser 5 ⋅ 10 11 11,10 B 1 ⋅ 10 9,8 --- ,, --- 12 C 1 ⋅ 10 9 2 ⋅ 10 11 --- ,, --- 24 Mg 2 ⋅ 10 7 --- ,, --- 14 N 1 ⋅ 10 7 5 ⋅ 10 10 ESIS (“Krion-2”) 24 Ar 1 ⋅ 10 9 2 ⋅ 10 11 --- ,, --- 56 Fe 2 ⋅ 10 6 5 ⋅ 10 10 --- ,, --- 84 Kr 1 ⋅ 10 4 1 ⋅ 10 9 --- ,, --- 124 Xe 1 ⋅ 10 4 1 ⋅ 10 9 --- ,, --- 197 Au 1 ⋅ 10 9 - --- ,, ---
Comparison, particles per cycle Beam Nuclotron-M Nuclotron-N New ion source Energy GSI (SIS18) + booster (2014) (2010) (2012) p 4,5 GeV 5 ⋅ 10 11 8 ⋅ 10 10 5 ⋅ 10 11 5 ⋅ 10 12 d 2,2 GeV 2 ⋅ 10 10 8 ⋅ 10 10 5 ⋅ 10 11 5 ⋅ 10 12 4 He 2 ⋅ 10 9 3 ⋅ 10 10 1 ⋅ 10 12 d ↑ 2 ⋅ 10 8 7 ⋅ 10 10 (SPI) 7 ⋅ 10 10 (SPI) 7 Li 6+ 7 ⋅ 10 9 3 ⋅ 10 10 5 ⋅ 10 11 12 C 6+ 300 MeV 7 ⋅ 10 10 6 ⋅ 10 9 3 ⋅ 10 10 3 ⋅ 10 11 14 N 7+ 300 MeV 1 ⋅ 10 11 3 ⋅ 10 7 3 ⋅ 10 8 5 ⋅ 10 10 24 Mg 12+ 300 MeV 5 ⋅ 10 10 7 ⋅ 10 8 4 ⋅ 10 9 5 ⋅ 10 10 40 Ar 18+ 300 MeV 6 ⋅ 10 10 8 ⋅ 10 6 2 ⋅ 10 9 2 ⋅ 10 10 56 Fe 28+ 4 ⋅ 10 6 2 ⋅ 10 9 5 ⋅ 10 10 58 Ni 26+ 300 MeV 8 ⋅ 10 9 84 Kr 34+ 0,3 -1 GeV 2 ⋅ 10 10 2 ⋅ 10 5 1 ⋅ 10 8 1 ⋅ 10 9 124 Xe 48/42+ 0,3 -1 GeV 1 ⋅ 10 10 1 ⋅ 10 5 7 ⋅ 10 7 1 ⋅ 10 9 181 Ta 61+ 1 GeV 2 ⋅ 10 9 197 Au 65/79+ 3 ⋅ 10 9 1 ⋅ 10 8 1 ⋅ 10 9 238 U 28+ 0,05-1 GeV 5 ⋅ 10 9
NICA accelerator facility MPD Fixed target experiments 2.5 m 4.0 m Booster KRION-6T C o l l i d & HILac e C r = 5 3 4 m Synchrophasotron yoke SPI & LU-20 (“Old” linac) Nuclotron beam transfer line Spin Physics Detector (SPD) Nuclotron Preliminary layout Beam transfer lines & New research area 18
19 Heavy Ion Mode: Operation Regime & Parameters (preliminary) Injector: 2 × 10 9 ions/pulse of 197 Au 32+ at 6.2 MeV/u Booster (25 Tm) Collider (45 Tm) 1(2-3) single-turn injection, Storage of storage of 2 ∙ (4-6) × 10 9 , 26 bunches by ~ 1x10 9 ions per ring acceleration up to 100 MeV/u, at 1 - 4.5 GeV/u, electron cooling, acceleration electron and/or stochastic cooling up to 600 MeV/u Stripping (80%) 197 Au 32+ => 197 Au 79+ Two SC Nuclotron (45 Tm) collider IP-1 IP-2 injection of one bunch rings of 1.1 × 10 9 ions, acceleration up to 2 х 26 injection 1 - 4.5 GeV/u max. cycles
20 Collider–general parameters (preliminary) B ρ max [ T ⋅ m ] 45.0 Ion kinetic energy (Au79+), 1.0 ÷ 4.56 [GeV/u] Dipole field (max), [ T ] 2.0 Free space at IP (for detector) 9 m Beam crossing angle at IP 0 Vacuum, [ Torr ] 10 -11 Luminosity per one IP, cm -2 · s -1 0.02 ÷ 5.0 · 10^27 Structure & details of the storage rings - subject of consideration by the forthcoming MAC
21 The plan of Nuclotron and experimental zones
Nuclotron external beam lines 5v 3v 6v S B I G A M G Lines P min P max I max I S - A T L --- GeV/c --- p/s E D A Z A • VP-1 ≈ 2 15 10 11 F A R E H P S f6 R&D R&D Polarized Proton Target • 1v -- ,, -- 9 10 7 p, d, p, d, S I N e r p y H • 3v -- ,, -- 9 10 8 4v 3v A A 9 10 8 • 4v -- ,, -- 12 10 6 • 5v -- ,, -- Baryonic Matter • 6v -- ,, -- 12 10 6 4v 1v • 7v 0.3 2 10 6 @ Nuclotron (BMN) STRELA f5 Notes: momentum is given for protons, intensity is limited by the protection shield, 7v: secondaries only VP -1 Bending magnets f4 R&D R&D π, p π, p Quadrupole lenses A Y S U R A M Dump, shield 1 f3 experimental area - P V f3 Slowly extracted beam
23 Baryonic Matter @ Nuclotron (BMN) Schedule (preliminary) � Start of project preparation 2010 � presentation for the consideration at PAC 2011 � Experimental area preparation 2012 major subdetector for the starting kit are prototyped & mounted � BMN starting kit commissioning 2013 � Start of physics runs 2014
24 Fixed target experimental area Should be properly developed in parallel with Nuclotron upgrade & NICA collider construction This is the high priority task, because it provides: � relevant experimental program in BM , (could be started in 2014) � proper monitoring of Nuclotron performance & beam parameters � highly required beams - to test MPD various subsystems � development of modern experimental infrastructure, organization necessary services, & training of corresponding personal � better integration of the JINR HEP facility into the common European research infrastructure
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