THE INTERNATIONAL RAINWATER HARVESTING SYMPOSIUM 2105 Addis Ababa - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

Johann Gnadlinger

Brazilian Rainwater Catchment and Management Association (ABCMAC) Regional Institute For Appropriate Small-Scale Agriculture (IRPAA)

johanng@terra.com.br

THE INTERNATIONAL RAINWATER HARVESTING SYMPOSIUM 2105 Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, 1st – 12th June 2015

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

Scaling Up RWH Initiatives?

Scaling up is a process of transitioning a technology from a program to full implementation and has to do with five dimensions:

 Depth  Sustainability  Spread  Shift  Evolution

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Semi-arid Brazil

has 969,599

km2

1,135

municipalities

and is

inhabited by 21 million people

9 million of

them living in the rural area.

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Monthly Distribution of Rainfall in Juazeiro, SAB

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Annual Rainfall in SAB, Juazeiro, Bahia State (mm/year)

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

Different approaches to water management in SAB

 From a technologiacal point of view,

normally large projects

 From a special water source  From integrated managment

• f rainwater

surface water groundwater soil moisture evapotranspiration

 From the watershed / river basin  From the needs of human beings

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

Participative and integrated land and water management

• 1. Providing drinking water for every

household

• 2. Taking care of community water for washing,

bathing and for animals

• 3. Assuring water for agriculture
• 4. Supplying emergency water for drought

years

• 5. Managing water for the environment

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

AS CINCO LINHAS DE LUTA PELA ÁGUA

1 2 3 3 1

4

5

AS CINCO LINHAS DE LUTA PELA ÁGUA

1 2 3 3 1

4

5

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

Scaling-up RWH through institutional and political arrangements

 From isolated experiences to ASA Network, made up of over

3000 grass-root organizations among them NGO’s, farmers’ unions, associations and cooperatives.

 P1MC – the Program One Million Cisterns for Drinking Water

and

 P1+2 – the Program One Piece of Land and Two Types of

Water are:

 community based programs of “Mainstreaming Rainwater

Harvesting” in the context of participative and integrated land and water management in the rural area of SAB.

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

Drinking water for the families

 800,000 cisterns of 16,000 L for drinking water have been

already constructed by the organized civil society with money from the government in the last 15 years. 578,689 cisterns alone by ASA – Association of Semi-Arid Civil Society Organizations.

 Furthermore, since 2012, the Ministry of National

Integration is constructing PVC cisterns, provided by a multinational company, but criticized because of technical quality problems and lack of community involvement.

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Photo: ASA

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

Use of Rainwater: Decentralization and democratization

• f water

Municipalities included in P1MC

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Channel of the River Diversion Project

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Polyethylene cistern of Codvasf

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Demonstration against polyethylene cisterns program Petrolina, December 19, 2011

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

Water for the community

 Water for animals, provided by narrow, but at least 4 m

deep trench-like rock cisterns

 More than 1000 manual water pumps (called Volanta

pumps) were installed by ASA especially in wells in crystalline subsoil with small output, providing water for sheep and goats.

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Drought in semiarid Brazil 2012

Water reservoir with1 m depth

Full: 20m x 25m x 1m = 500m3 of water After three months without rainfall: 1 m evaporation: 500 m3 - 500 m3 = 0 m3 of water

Photo: Gnadlinger, April 15, 2012

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

4 m deep trench-like rock cisters Observe the well nurtured goats! Drought in semiarid Brazil 2012 Full: 30m x 4m x 4m = 480m3 of water After three months without rainfall: 1 m evaporation: 480 m3 - 120 m3 = 360 m3 of water Photo: Gnadlinger, April 15, 2012

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Appropriate machines for digging in hard rock are necessary

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Trench-like rock sistern of 4 m depths after one rain on April 24, 2013 Em Serra Verde, Sobradinho Photo: Gnadlinger, May 5, 2013

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

25

Rock cistern construted during the drought of 2012 by Irpaa em Macurerê, BA

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

More then 1020 manual waterpumps with flywheel (Volanta-Pump)

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

Water for agriculture

 30,000 cisterns of 52,000 L for irrigation of vegetables and

fruit trees

 sub-surface dams

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Cisterns of 52,000 L with catchment area or irrigation of vegetables and fruit trees

Photo: Gnadlinger

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Cisterns for irrigation of vegetables (Embrapa)

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Cisterns for irrigation of fruit trees (Embrapa)

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Cisterns for irrigation of fruit trees (Embrapa)

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

Sub-surface dam

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Fotos: Embrapa

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

Water for the environment

 A variety of watershed management programs in

temporary rivers called hydro-environmental projects in temporary rivers and of programs recovering of the natural vegetation, called “re-caatingamento”, are underway.

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Xylopodios of umbuzeiro (Spatodia) as example for natural tecnology of rainwater in a seniarid climate

Picture: J Gnadlinger

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Rainwater catchment and income generation

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

1.

Access to water and land in sufficient size to create and produce in semi-arid conditions

2.

Local rainwater harvesting solutions to provide water security to households and communities.

3.

Preservation, recovering and management of drought-proof bush vegetation which resists also climate change.

4.

Emphases on raising small and medium sized animals adapted to the climate and storage of water and fodder for the months without rain.

5.

Selection of plants appropriate to the climate and sustainable extraction and subsequent processing and marketing of plant products.

6.

Building of skills and capacity to share knowledge on rainwater management strategies among all the people involved.

7.

Finally, take the lessons of this drought ahead as steps of building a National Brazilian Policy on Living in Harmony with the semi-arid Climate at Municipal, State and Regional levels.

Conclusion: Lessons from the drought of 2012/2014: Towards a nacional policy of sustainable livelihood in SAB

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

In his opening address at the 9th International Rainwater Catchment Systems Conference, held in Brazil, in July 1999, Dr. A. Appan, President of IRCSA, said:

"The concept of rainwater catchment systems technology is as old as the mountains. The standard adage - as in all water supply schemes is - store water (in a tank/reservoir) during the rainy season so that you can use it when you need it most during the summer. In other words 'Save for the dry day!' The principles, methods of construction, usage and maintenance are all available. And, most important of all, there are very many financial models to suit developing and developed countries. What is most needed is the moral acceptance of the technology and the political will to implement the systems."

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa The Rainwater Harvesting Symposium, 2015, Addis Ababa June 10, 2015

Living in harmony with the climate

Johann Gnadlinger Brazilian Rainwater Catchment and Management Association (ABCMAC) Regional Institute for Appropriate Small-Scale Agriculture (IRPAA) www.irpaa.org johanng@terra.com.br

All pictures and photographs by IRPAA or J Gnadlinger

Obrigado! Thank you! Ameseginalo!

The International Rainwater Harvesting Symposium 2015, Addis Ababa

 What are the major impediments for upscaling RWH?  Is it possible to transfer RWH projects from one country

to another?

 Why other international organizations on RWH like IRCSA

(International Rainwater Catchment Systems Association) and IRHA (International Rainwater Harvesting Alliance)for scaling up RWH internationally didn’t come to this symposium?