THE HUNGARIAN ROUTE TO THE UCREL Seminars 8th December 2016 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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THE HUNGARIAN ROUTE TO THE UCREL Seminars 8th December 2016 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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THE HUNGARIAN ROUTE TO THE UCREL Seminars 8th December 2016 EUROPEAN UNION: Elena Valvason A CORPUS-ASSISTED STUDY University of Pavia 1 OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION 1. The aim: linguistic exploration of Hungarian parliamentary speeches 2.

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THE HUNGARIAN ROUTE TO THE EUROPEAN UNION:

A CORPUS-ASSISTED STUDY

UCREL Seminars 8th December 2016 Elena Valvason

University of Pavia

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OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION

1. The aim: linguistic exploration of Hungarian parliamentary speeches 2. Historical background: the Hungarian route to the European Union 3. Research questions: looking for perceptions and identity construction 4. The HUNPOL corpus: data collection 5. Methodology: collocation analysis 6. Results: semantic categorisation and creation of identity 7. Conclusion

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  • 1. AIM OF THE STUDY

Examination of the Hungarian MPs’ parliamentary

speeches about the European Union between 1998 and

2003.

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  • 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

HUNGARY

  • Hungary is a Central European country

bordered by Austria to the northwest, Slovenia to the west, Croatia to the southwest, Serbia to the south, Romania to the east, Ukraine to the northeast and Slovakia to the north.

  • The country’s official language is

Hungarian.

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End of 1940s USSR Member State

Hungary turns into a socialist country becoming satellite state

  • f the Soviet Union

23rd October 1989 Fall of the socialist state

The government amends the former socialist constitution and embraces the rise of the Third Hungarian Republic

25th March-8th April 1990 Free elections

Free elections are held to elect the first Democratic Government after Second World War

The end of an era

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1990-1991

CoE and EEC Member State

Hungary joins the Council of Europe and the European Economic Community

31st March 1994

Application for EU- membership

Hungary formally applies to join the European Union

31st March 1998

Beginning of negotiations

EU-membership negotiations start

The route to the European Union

1st May 2004 EU Member State

Hungary becomes a member of the EU

12th April 2003

Referendum

Hungarians are asked to approve their joining the European Union in a referendum: 83,6% of the voters agrees to support membership

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  • 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

A COUNTRY ‘IN BETWEEN’

«[…] two sets of attitudes have in some shape coexisted in the country, especially in modern times as reflection on national identity and its embeddedness in more comprehensive structures became a self-contained intellectual pursuit.» (Kontler 2002: 20)

Hungarianness vs. Europeanness?

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  • 3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1) What is the Hungarian politicians’ perception of the European Union? 2) What kind of identity do they build for their country in discourses about the EU?

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  • 3. TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS…

Semantic preference: «[…] the relation, not between individual words, but between a lemma or word-form and a set of semantically related words» (Stubbs 2001: 65) Semantic prosody: «[…] a particular collocational phenomenon: some words (e.g. CAUSE) have a predominantly negative prosody, a few (e.g. PROVIDE) have a positive prosody, many words are neutral in this respect» (Stubbs 1996: 176)

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  • 4. THE HUNPOL CORPUS

DATA

  • 444 Hungarian parliamentary speeches (344,748 tokens)
  • date: 31st March 1998 and 12th April 2003
  • query term: Európai Unió* (‘European Union’)

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  • 4. THE HUNPOL CORPUS: EURÓPAI UNIÓ*

A SEARCH TERM

Other possible search terms:

  • EU-*
  • Európai Bizottság*

‘European Commission’

  • Európa fejlett országai*

‘European developed countries’

  • európaiság*

‘Europeanness’

Európai Unió* EU-*

4442

  • ccurrences

1440

  • ccurrences

191

  • ccurrences

Európai Bizottság* Európa fejlett országai* európaiság*

32 occurrences 5 occurrences

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  • 4. THE HUNPOL CORPUS: EURÓPAI UNIÓ*

A ‘ROOT ITEM’ For instance:  Európai Unió

‘European Union’

 európai uniós

‘of (the) European Union’

 Európai Unióban

‘in (the) European Union’

 Európai Unióval

‘with the European Union’

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  • 5. METHODOLOGY

COLLOCATION ANALYSIS

  • First-order collocates of the európai unió* multi-word

expression

  • Second-order collocates
  • Concordance lines

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Brezina et al. 2015

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  • 5. METHODOLOGY

COLLOCATIONAL NETWORK WITH GRAPHCOLL

  • MI(5.0)
  • Span: 5L-5R
  • Collocate frequency ≥5
  • Collocation frequency ≥ 5

GraphColl - first-order collocates of európai unió*: MI(5.0), L5-R5, C5-NC5

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  • 6. SEMANTIC CATEGORISATION

Joining Membership Advantages of EU-membership Requirements for EU-membership (Self-)improvement Hungarianness Being Happening Proximity Other organisations

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Joining

16 ‘joining’ ‘to join’

The EU is interpreted as:

  • Challenge (kihívás,

verseny)

  • Trigger for

development (jobb lehetőségeket kínál)

  • Necessary (szükséges)
  • Something to be
  • ptimistic and trusting

about (optimisták, bizatóak)

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Requirements for EU-membership

17 ‘prescribe’ ‘negotiations’ ‘in harmony’ ‘adjustment of laws’ ‘enough’ ‘satisfy’ ‘treaty’

The EU is regarded as:

  • Organisation to be in

harmony with (összhangolja, kívántunk alkalmazkodni)

  • Trigger for

development (ország fejlődése)

  • Necessary (szükséges)
  • Success for Hungary

(sikerünk)

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Happening

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The EU is viewed as:

  • Challenge (verseny)
  • Creator of

community and harmony (közösségi, összhangban)

‘that is happening’ ‘that is’ ‘that occured’

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Membership

19 ‘our membership’ ‘its members’ ‘its states’ ‘the states’

Membership seen as:

  • Lacking unity (nincs

mindenütt egységesen elfogadott sztenderd)

  • Trigger for

improvement (javuljon, kibővíti az önkormányzatiság lehetőségei)

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Advantages of EU-membership

20 ‘funding’

EU-funding is perceived as:

  • Necessary

(szükséges)

  • Satisfying

(megfelelő, kiegészítéséről)

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Hungarianness

21 ‘Hungary’ ‘our country’

The EU helps Hungary being:

  • Fast (gyors)
  • Successful (sikeres)
  • Willing to become

member state (kíván)

  • And looking for

development and adjustment to European standards (törvénymódosítás elfogadása, sztenderd)

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Being

22 ‘we will be’

The EU makes Hungary:

  • Regard ist own

idenity exclusively as a member state (Európai Unió tagjai leszünk)

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Proximity

23 ‘internal’ ‘on the threshold’

EU is regarded as the means to obtain:

  • Economical success

(egységes belső piacához)

  • Successful exchanges

with the other European states (harmonizált)

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Other organisations

24 ‘NATO’

Joining the EU and NATO is:

  • Wished (kíván)
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  • 6. RESULTS

BUILDING IDENTITY

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GraphColl – Second-order collocates of európai unió*-magyarország: MI(5.0), L5-R5, C5-NC5

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GraphColl – First-order collocates of magyarország*: MI(5.0), L5-R5, C5-NC5

Hungary

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Hungarians

GraphColl – First-order collocates of magyarok*: MI(5.0), L5-R5, C5-NC5

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  • 7. CONCLUSION

Hungarian MPs view their joining the European Union as a challenge (kihivás ‘challenge’, verseny ‘competition’) worth taking, aiming at a better future for their country and their people, with a particular focus on their technical and economical development. They build their own identity in terms of need (and will) to improve, starting out from a disadvantaged condition (describing the others as fejlett ‘developed’) and trying to adjust to the Western world. They also depict themselves as people divided by the country’s boundaries (határon túli magyarok ‘the Hungarians living outside the country’s borders’).

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REFERENCES

Brezina, V., McEnery, T. and Wattam, S. 2015. Collocations in context: A new perspective on collocation networks. In: International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 20(2): 139-173 Kontler, László. 2002. A History of Hungary. Basingstoke/New York: Palgrave Macmillan Stubbs, Michael. 1996. Text and Corpus Analysis. London: Blackwell Stubbs, Michael. 2001. Words and phrases. London: Blackwell

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