The Evolving Victorian Illicit Drug Market 1988 to 2013 National - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Evolving Victorian Illicit Drug Market 1988 to 2013 National - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 04, 2023 172 likes •584 views

Victoria Police Forensic Services Department The Evolving Victorian Illicit Drug Market 1988 to 2013 National Drug Trends Conference, October 2014 1 1 Drugs (by category) detected in Victoria 1988 to 2013 Victoria Police Forensic

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The Evolving Victorian Illicit Drug Market – 1988 to 2013

National Drug Trends Conference, October 2014

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Drugs (by category) detected in Victoria 1988 to 2013

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1988 1990 1995 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2013 Other drugs Steroids Pharmaceuticals Traditional illicit drugs

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Traditional illicit drugs snapshot 1988 to 2013

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1988 1990 1995 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2013 Psilocin & Psilocybin LSD Ephedrine & Pseudoephedrine Amphetamine Cocaine THC Ecstasy Heroin Methylamphetamine

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Other drugs 1988 to 1997

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 1988 1990 1995 1997 GHB Methorphan Ketamine Thiopentone Propoxyphene Phenytoin Diethylpropion Butyl nitrite Chloral hydrate Amyl nitrite

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Other drugs 2000 to 2013

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2013 NPS Mescaline Levamisole 1,4-BD Antipyrine Methiocarb Methaqualone Iso-butyl nitrite Denbutenol GHB Methorphan Ketamine Amyl nitrite

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New Psychoactive Substances summary

NPS category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Cathinones 4.4% 1.5% 1.2% 6.0% 15.3% Phenethylamines 1.1% 3.0% 55.0% 30.2% 33.2% Piperazines 94.4% 94.9% 39.8% 13.2% 31.3% Plant Based 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% Synthetic Cannabinoids 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 9.8% 3.9% Tryptamines 0.1% 0.6% 0.1% 1.6% 1.9% Other NPS 0.0% 0.0% <0.1 4.7% 13.6% NPS mixtures 0.1% 0.0% 3.0% 34.4% 0.8%

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Category Most prevalent Percentage Cathinones Methylone 78% Phenethylamines 25I-NBOMe 52% Piperazines TFMPP 65% Synthetic Cannabinoids UR-144 + XLR-11 54% Tryptamines Tryptamine 73% Other EPS 1,3-Dimethylamylamine 96% Cathinones & Phenethylamines MDPV + 2C-I 67% Cathinones & Synthetic Cannabinoids MDPV + XLR-11 100% Phenethylamines & Other NPS 3-Methiopropamine + Methoxetamine 100%

New Psychoactive Substances 2013

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Purity - Heroin

1988 1990 1995 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2013 51-60 41-50 31-40 21-30 11-20 < 10

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Purity - Methylamphetamine

1988 1990 1995 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2013 81-90 21-30 < 10 41-50 61-70

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Purity - Cocaine

1988 1990 1995 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2013 51-60 41-50 31-40 21-30 11-20 < 10 61-70

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Purity - Ecstasy

1990 1995 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2013 41-50 31-40 21-30 11-20 < 10

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Number of drugs per sample

1988 1995 2013

1 drug 99% 2 drugs 1% 1 drug 93% 2 drugs 7% 1 drug 67% 2 drugs 20% 6 drugs 1% 5 drugs 1% 4 drugs 3% 3 drugs 8%

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Most dominant drug forms

Heroin powder/compressed substance THC resinous substance Cocaine powder/compressed substance Ecstasy tablet LSD ticket Steroids liquid NPS tablets

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Powders

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Tablets

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25I-NBOMe in tablet form

25I-NBOMe + methylamphetamine 25I-NBOMe 25I-NBOMe + 25C-NBOMe + methylamphetamine

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LSD tickets

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Tickets – LSD or NBOMe?

25C-NBOMe + 1,4-BD LSD

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Tickets – LSD or NBOMe?

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Tickets – LSD or NBOMe?

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Tickets – LSD or NBOMe?

alpha - PVP

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Steroids

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Methylamphetamine Forms

Most dominant form

  • 1988 – 1997 powder/compressed substances
  • 2000 – 2012

tablets

  • 2013

crystal

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Crystal MA

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Crystal MDMA

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Crystal methylamphetamine

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Methylamphetamine and “ICE”

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2013 Total <70% Total >70% Crystal <70% Crystal >70%

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CHANGES IN TECHNOLOGY AND ANALYTICAL PROCESSES

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Spotting TLC plates

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Spraying TLC plates

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Developed TLC plates

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GC with integrator – 1970s

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Gas Chromatograph 1970s

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Chart recorder

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Gas Chromatograph late 1980s

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Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer

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Drug Analysis GCs 1990 to 2006

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GCMS Room

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GC & GCMS Room 2012

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Acknowledgements

  • Forensic Drug Branch staff, past and present, who have contributed

to the production of the analytical results presented.

  • Special thanks to members of CDI who tirelessly analyse tens of

thousands of samples each year which would otherwise not be analysed prior to their destruction in order for us to obtain this type of intelligence data.