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The challenge of energy in cities
- Urbanization is the challenge of our era. Since 2007 more than 50% of the
global population is urban.
- Cities are:
The Challenge of Energy in Informal Settlements Renata Mele, Enel - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The Challenge of Energy in Informal Settlements Renata Mele, Enel - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The Challenge of Energy in Informal Settlements Renata Mele, Enel Foundation Sustainable Energy for All Forum - 4 June 2014 1 The challenge of energy in cities Urbanization is the challenge of our era. Since 2007 more than 50% of the
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- Over 830 million of people live in informal settlements, with critical
access to modern and basic services: energy, water, sanitation, and education.
- People in the lower income bracket generally use low energy efficient
and polluting equipment.
- Energy in slum is often :
- Polluting, every year about 3.5 million people die prematurely
because of indoor air pollution by biomass, a significant part of them are in slums
- Not affordable, people living in informal settlements usually spend
- ver 30% of their income for energy services.
- Unreliable, even in areas connected to the electric grid
- Data on energy consumption patterns and emission are poorly existing
Sustainable urban development strategy has to include the informal city with its economic and social pattern
The challenge of energy in informal settlements
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Use of energy in shanty towns
Low income households use a mix of fuels: Traditional: dung, wood, agricultural residues Intermediate: charcoal, kerosene Modern: LPG, biogas, electricity Electricity is mainly used for lighting and small appliances In the poorest households, where electricity is not affordable or lacks: kerosene is used for lighting; for cooking is used kerosene or charcoal; Main source of electricity are dry cells and reused car batteries
The use of low efficient energy sources produces higher costs paid for the same service
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Energy consumption and efficiency in informal settlements
Research project “Analysis of energy consumption and energy efficiency in informal settlements of developing countries”, by Enel Foundation, UN-Habitat, and Politecnico di Milano. Case studies: Lima and Lagos Participative approach: local communities are engaged and surveyed on energy use, energy efficiency and overall living conditions. 400 people surveyed in Lima and 400 in Lagos Expected results Identify actions, policies, business strategies, and solutions for improving people’s living standards; Suggest educational activities on energy use and energy efficiency addressed to the local communities.
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Evolution of shanty towns in Lima
Ventanilla (Pachacutec) Manchay (Pachacamac) Jicamarca (Lurigancho)
- Three different development
stages:
- Early: Jicamarca
- Intermediate: Manchay
- Advanced: Ventanilla
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Informal settlements in Lima: preliminary results in Manchay
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Informal settlements dwellers are a significant part of the global urban population Their number is expected to grow in the next decades The transformation of the settlements is related to the evolution of basic infrastructures: electricity, water, transport, and sewage Quantity and quality of energy use improve with better infrastructures It is important to understand and forecast the demand of services and future needs of informal communities. Energy efficiency is a driver for the overall resource efficiency
Understanding the transformation of informal settlements
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Best practice in Lima: the case of Pachacutec Foundation
Active in the district of Callao (north of Lima) Promote the development of local communities through Education, Sustainability, and medical assistance Prototypical case of Creating Shared Value initiative. Winning case of multi- stakeholder and local population engagement
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