Ultra Low Emission Vehicles: The business case, the technology and best practice Luke Redfern Commercial Partnerships Manager luke.redfern@cenex.co.uk
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Cenex partners and clients Economic development, business case advice, techno-market consultancy, due diligence Trial management and implementation support of Low carbon vehicle technology and energy infrastructure Advice and implementation support for fleets and cities (e - ,H 2 ,CH 4 ) Policy, public affairs and operational ‘project brokerage’ support, project dissemination including the LCV event
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Where to begin? CAZ – Clean Air Zone DfT Euro IV, V, VI, EEV ULEV – Ultra Low Emission Vehicle OLEV PiVG – Plug-in Van Grant PiVC – Plug-in Car Grant OLEV – Office for Low Emission Vehicles ULEVs GUL – Go Ultra Low EV – Electric Vehicle PHEV – Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle EVs, PHEVs, REEVs CVTF – Clean Vehicle Technology Fund LEZ – Low Emission Zone PiVG & PiCG RPC – Reduced Pollution Certificate REEV – Range Extended Electric Vehicle PiP – Plugged-In Places PiP & GUL Euro 4, 5, 6
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Technology is moving forwards • General acceptance that there is a need to lower the emissions impact of vehicles Conventional ICE Simple Hybrid Plug-In Hybrid Pure EV Hydrogen 2010 2015 2020 2025 Adapted from Automotive Council 2013 Roadmaps
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Benefits to the business Plug-in Reduced BIK tax Van/Car Class 1A NI VED Fuel Costs savings SMR Costs Grant Whole life cost saving / total cost of ownership
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Low Emission Vehicles: The Vehicle Technology
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Battery Electric Vehicles (EVs) Costs can be anywhere from £13,945 to £100,000+
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Plug-In Hybrid (PHEVs) Costs can be anywhere from £33,945 to £51,000+
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Range Extended Electric Vehicle (REx, REEV) Costs can be anywhere from £35,000+
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Simple Hybrid Technology • A hybrid vehicle combines two power sources, an ICE and battery. • A stop-start system, plus energy recovery from braking and limited engine assist under acceleration
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Hydrogen Costs can be anywhere from £53,050 to £65,954+
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Low Emission Vehicles: The Infrastructure Technology
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Charging Electric Vehicles Conductive Case A Case B Case C
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Charging Electric Vehicles Inductive
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Charging Electric Vehicles
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Charging Speeds Slow or standard charging is typically: • 0-100% in 10-12 hours • 13-16 Amps AC single phase • UK household or “caravan hook - up” style plug and socket (BS1363) or “Blue Commando” (EN60309) Fast charging is typically: • 0-100% in 4-6 hours • 16-32 Amps AC single phase • Type 2 plug and socket Semi-rapid charging is typically: • 0-100% in 1-2 hours • 32 Amps AC three phase • Type 2 plug and socket Rapid charging is typically: • 0-80% in 20-30 minutes • 63 Amps AC three phase or 100 Amps DC • Type 2 (AC), JEVS/G105 (DC) or CCS Combo 2 (DC)
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Charge Point Costs
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Charge Point Costs
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Siting Chargepoints • Identify major routes through the region and the traffic flow on them • Determine what charge point sites are planned within the region • National and regional EV registration data should be utilised to identify clear locations that possess an EV customer base • Sites that allow a good dwell time should be considered, with a criteria that evaluates; • proximity to attractions • space size and utilisation • power supply availability • ownership and contract obligations • security (e.g. CCTV) • existing infrastructure (e.g. availability of walls for wall mounted points).
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Hydrogen Refuelling • UK hydrogen infrastructure deployment only emerging • Typically for research purposes or for specific fleets • Dispensed at either 350 or 700 bar gas 350 bar provided by TK16 nozzle 700 bar provided by TK17 nozzle
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Case Studies
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology British Gas, and the eNV200 • Cenex was commissioned by British Gas to examine the potential cost, emissions and performance implications of integrating electric vehicles into their fleet operations. British Gas operates the third largest fleet in the UK, covering over 160 million miles per year. • e-NV200 could be a commercial, environmental and operational success in city environments given the (TCO) identified. • Variations in range due to differing driving duties and high auxiliary loads in cold weather were not overlooked
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Segmentation • May need to change the way we segment, and think past the usual ‘categories’ HGVs Grey Fleet & Company Cars White Fleet
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Segmentation • Start to segment vehicles on their average usage, and change driver behaviour Long distance Pool car company car Back to base vehicles Urban deliveries 200miles+ Rural deliveries
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Wyre Forest Council Driving habit distribution based on observation of usual routes followed by the vehicle. Vehicle make & model Ford Transit Connect T220 L75 Vehicle reg. number KT07 OAJ Data date range 12/04/2016 to 26/04/2016 Average daily mileage 36.7 miles Days/week usage 6.1 days Extrapolated annual mileage 11600 miles Average journeys per day 14.9 journeys Average journey mileage 2.5 miles Average daily driving time 2 hours and 36 mins Average journey driving time 10 mins 30 seconds In an electric vehicle: Average daily % charge used 60% State of Charge Average daily battery capacity used 12.5 kWh out of 21kWh
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Wyre Forest Council 27% of the days the vehicle would need charging during the day , approximately a 20% SoC top-up charge. Using a fast charger (6.6 kW) this would take ca. 40 mins, while a slow charger (3.3 kW) would take ca. 1 hour 30 mins.
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Wyre Forest Council This model, based on 5 years of ownership , proves the strong economic and environmental advantage of the electric vehicles against the diesel vehicle. The lack of taxes, the plug-in van grant, and the lower fuel and maintenance costs combine to allow strong whole life cost savings. The Nissan e-NV200 shows a better economic performance compared to the Renault Kangoo ZE due to its lower depreciation rate (thus higher resale value). The electric vehicles offer a 100% reduction in tailpipe CO 2 emissions and a 42% reduction in well-to-wheel CO 2 emissions.
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology West Midlands Police Service • Cenex ran a consultancy project with West Midlands Police (WMP) to test the possibility of using the Nissan LEAF as “diary cars” in their fleet operations • After a successful trial with Cenex, in June 2013 the force ordered 30 LEAFs to be split evenly across all 10 local policing units (LPUs) as diary cars to attend pre-arranged meetings with victims of crimes who have contacted the police • The cars typically travel 40 to 45 miles a day, but this varies depending on the LPU. They are currently exploring other opportunities for further LCVs in their fleet operations.
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology West Midlands Police Service • After eight months, the real- world data showed… Total EV miles: 256,200 Total fuel cost saving: £24,472 Equivalent to the cost of a year's pay for one new police recruit! Reduced tailpipe emissions: 68 tonnes CO 2
Cenex Overview of LCV Technology Van Cost and Carbon Calculator Tool Cenex’s VC 3 tool enables fleet decision • makers to assess the feasibility of incorporating new low carbon vans into their fleet. The tool is based on real-world driving cycles, meaning it predicts real-world fuel consumption. • By providing a realistic whole life cost, the VC 3 de-risks the implementation of low carbon fleet solutions. The VC 3 tool was developed by Cenex with • funding from the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership (LowCVP). • http://vc3.cenex.co.uk/
Thank you for listening Luke Redfern Commercial Partnerships Manager luke.redfern@cenex.co.uk @CenexLCFC
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