The business case, the technology and best practice Luke Redfern - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Ultra Low Emission Vehicles: The business case, the technology and best practice

Luke Redfern

Commercial Partnerships Manager luke.redfern@cenex.co.uk

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Cenex partners and clients

Economic development, business case advice, techno-market consultancy, due diligence Trial management and implementation support of Low carbon vehicle technology and energy infrastructure Advice and implementation support for fleets and cities (e-,H2,CH4) Policy, public affairs and

• perational ‘project brokerage’

support, project dissemination including the LCV event

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Where to begin?

CAZ – Clean Air Zone Euro IV, V, VI, EEV ULEV – Ultra Low Emission Vehicle PiVG – Plug-in Van Grant PiVC – Plug-in Car Grant OLEV – Office for Low Emission Vehicles GUL – Go Ultra Low EV – Electric Vehicle PHEV – Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle CVTF – Clean Vehicle Technology Fund LEZ – Low Emission Zone RPC – Reduced Pollution Certificate REEV – Range Extended Electric Vehicle PiP – Plugged-In Places Euro 4, 5, 6

DfT ULEVs OLEV EVs, PHEVs, REEVs PiVG & PiCG PiP & GUL

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Technology is moving forwards

Conventional ICE Simple Hybrid Plug-In Hybrid Pure EV Hydrogen

2010 2015 2020 2025

Adapted from Automotive Council 2013 Roadmaps

• General acceptance that there is a need to lower the emissions impact of vehicles

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Benefits to the business

Plug-in Van/Car Grant Class 1A NI BIK tax savings VED Fuel Costs Reduced SMR Costs Whole life cost saving / total cost of ownership

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Low Emission Vehicles: The Vehicle Technology

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Battery Electric Vehicles (EVs)

Costs can be anywhere from £13,945 to £100,000+

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Plug-In Hybrid (PHEVs)

Costs can be anywhere from £33,945 to £51,000+

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Range Extended Electric Vehicle (REx, REEV)

Costs can be anywhere from £35,000+

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Simple Hybrid Technology

• A hybrid vehicle combines two power sources, an ICE and battery.
• A stop-start system, plus energy recovery from braking and limited engine assist

under acceleration

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Hydrogen

Costs can be anywhere from £53,050 to £65,954+

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Low Emission Vehicles: The Infrastructure Technology

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Charging Electric Vehicles

Case B Case C Case A

Conductive

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Charging Electric Vehicles

Inductive

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Charging Electric Vehicles

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Charging Speeds

Slow or standard charging is typically:

• 0-100% in 10-12 hours
• 13-16 Amps AC single phase
• UK household or “caravan hook-up” style

plug and socket (BS1363) or “Blue Commando” (EN60309) Fast charging is typically:

• 0-100% in 4-6 hours
• 16-32 Amps AC single phase
• Type 2 plug and socket

Semi-rapid charging is typically:

• 0-100% in 1-2 hours
• 32 Amps AC three phase
• Type 2 plug and socket

Rapid charging is typically:

• 0-80% in 20-30 minutes
• 63 Amps AC three phase or 100

Amps DC

• Type 2 (AC), JEVS/G105 (DC) or

CCS Combo 2 (DC)

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Charge Point Costs

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Charge Point Costs

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Siting Chargepoints

• Identify major routes through the region and the traffic flow on

them

• Determine what charge point sites are planned within the

region

• National and regional EV registration data should be utilised to

identify clear locations that possess an EV customer base

• Sites that allow a good dwell time should be considered, with a

criteria that evaluates;

• proximity to attractions
• space size and utilisation
• power supply availability
• wnership and contract obligations
• security (e.g. CCTV)
• existing infrastructure (e.g. availability of walls for wall

mounted points).

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Hydrogen Refuelling

• UK hydrogen infrastructure deployment only

emerging

• Typically for research purposes or for specific

fleets

• Dispensed at either 350 or 700 bar gas

350 bar provided by TK16 nozzle 700 bar provided by TK17 nozzle

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Case Studies

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

British Gas, and the eNV200

• Cenex was commissioned by British Gas to examine the potential cost, emissions and

performance implications of integrating electric vehicles into their fleet operations. British Gas

• perates the third largest fleet in the UK, covering over 160 million miles per year.
• e-NV200 could be a commercial,

environmental and operational success in city environments given the (TCO) identified.

• Variations in range due to differing

driving duties and high auxiliary loads in cold weather were not overlooked

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Segmentation

• May need to change the way we segment, and think past the usual ‘categories’

Grey Fleet & Company Cars HGVs White Fleet

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Segmentation

• Start to segment vehicles on their average usage, and change driver behaviour

200miles+ Long distance company car Rural deliveries Pool car Back to base vehicles Urban deliveries

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Wyre Forest Council

Vehicle make & model Ford Transit Connect T220 L75 Vehicle reg. number KT07 OAJ Data date range 12/04/2016 to 26/04/2016 Average daily mileage 36.7 miles Days/week usage 6.1 days Extrapolated annual mileage 11600 miles Average journeys per day 14.9 journeys Average journey mileage 2.5 miles Average daily driving time 2 hours and 36 mins Average journey driving time 10 mins 30 seconds In an electric vehicle: Average daily % charge used 60% State of Charge Average daily battery capacity used 12.5 kWh out of 21kWh

Driving habit distribution based on

• bservation of usual routes followed

by the vehicle.

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Wyre Forest Council

27% of the days the vehicle would need charging during the day, approximately a 20% SoC top-up charge. Using a fast charger (6.6 kW) this would take ca. 40 mins, while a slow charger (3.3 kW) would take ca. 1 hour 30 mins.

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Wyre Forest Council

This model, based on 5 years of ownership, proves the strong economic and environmental advantage of the electric vehicles against the diesel vehicle. The lack of taxes, the plug-in van grant, and the lower fuel and maintenance costs combine to allow strong whole life cost savings. The Nissan e-NV200 shows a better economic performance compared to the Renault Kangoo ZE due to its lower depreciation rate (thus higher resale value). The electric vehicles offer a 100% reduction in tailpipe CO2 emissions and a 42% reduction in well-to-wheel CO2 emissions.

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

West Midlands Police Service

• Cenex ran a consultancy project with West Midlands Police (WMP) to test

the possibility of using the Nissan LEAF as “diary cars” in their fleet

• perations
• After a successful trial with Cenex, in June 2013 the force ordered 30

LEAFs to be split evenly across all 10 local policing units (LPUs) as diary cars to attend pre-arranged meetings with victims of crimes who have contacted the police

• The cars typically travel 40 to 45 miles a day, but this varies depending on

the LPU. They are currently exploring other opportunities for further LCVs in their fleet operations.

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

West Midlands Police Service

• After eight months, the real-world data showed…

Total EV miles: 256,200 Total fuel cost saving: £24,472

Equivalent to the cost of a year's pay for one new police recruit!

Reduced tailpipe emissions: 68 tonnes CO2

Cenex Overview of LCV Technology

Van Cost and Carbon Calculator Tool

• Cenex’s VC3 tool enables fleet decision

makers to assess the feasibility of incorporating new low carbon vans into their

• fleet. The tool is based on real-world driving

cycles, meaning it predicts real-world fuel consumption.

• By providing a realistic whole life cost, the VC3

de-risks the implementation of low carbon fleet solutions.

• The VC3 tool was developed by Cenex with

funding from the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership (LowCVP).

• http://vc3.cenex.co.uk/

Thank you for listening

Luke Redfern

Commercial Partnerships Manager luke.redfern@cenex.co.uk @CenexLCFC