THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF WEST BENGAL R. Ramakumar Share of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF WEST BENGAL R. Ramakumar Share of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 15, 2023 250 likes •734 views

THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF WEST BENGAL R. Ramakumar Share of agriculture to the State income in West Bengal, 2013-14 Share of contribution to NSDP (%) Sector West Bengal India Agriculture and allied sectors 17.5 13.9 Industry (excluding

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THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF WEST BENGAL

  • R. Ramakumar
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Share of agriculture to the State income in West Bengal, 2013-14

Sector Share of contribution to NSDP (%) West Bengal India Agriculture and allied sectors 17.5 13.9 Industry (excluding construction) 16.8 19.6 Services (including construction) 73.4 66.4 NSDP 100.0 100.0

In 2009-10, 43.8 per cent of the workers were employed in agriculture and allied activities in West Bengal; the share for India was 53 per cent.

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Trends in the Net State Domestic Product at factor cost, by sectors, constant prices, West Bengal, 2004-05 to 2013-14, Base year 2004-05, in Rs billion

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Agriculture and allied sectors Industry (excluding construction) Services (including construction) NSDP

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Net Domestic Product at factor cost from agriculture and allied sectors, constant prices, West Bengal and India, 2004-05 to 2013-14, Base year 2004-05, in Rs billion

474.8 484.95 493.33 522.6 506.78 539.91 524.58 526.37 541.88 558.2 5654 5944 6191 6550 6556 6609 7178 7538 7645 8005 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

West Bengal: Agriculture and allied sectors India: Agriculture and allied sectors

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Trends in the index numbers of area, production and productivity, food grains, West Bengal, base year=1981-82, 1985-86 to 2010-11

50 100 150 200 250

Area Production Productivity

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Trends in the index numbers of area, production and productivity, rice, West Bengal, base year=1981-82, 1985-86 to 2010-11

50 100 150 200 250 300

Area Production Productivity

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Trends in the production of rice, by aus, aman and boro, West Bengal, 1980-81 to 2013-14, in '000 tonnes

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000

Rice-Aman Rice-Aus Rice-Boro Rice Total

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Growth rates of area cultivated with rice, by periods, West Bengal, 1980-81 to 2010-11, in per cent per year

Period Growth rates (% per year) Aman Aus Boro Total Rice 1980-81 to 1989-90 0.1

  • 0.3

11.7 1.1 1990-91 to 1999-00

  • 0.3
  • 3.9

5.9 0.6 2000-01 to 2010-11

  • 6.4
  • 6.1

0.3 0.7 1980-81 to 2010-11

  • 0.2
  • 3.6

5.1 0.3

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Growth rates of production of rice, by periods, West Bengal, 1980-81 to 2010-11, in per cent per year

Period Growth rates (% per year) Aman Aus Boro Total Rice 1980-81 to 1989-90 5.4 4.9 14.2 6.8 1990-91 to 1999-00 1.3

  • 2.1

6.4 2.5 2000-01 to 2010-11 0.7

  • 5.2

0.3

  • 0.1

1980-81 to 2010-11 2.3

  • 0.6

5.7 2.9

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Growth rates of yields in rice, by periods, West Bengal, 1980-81 to 2010-11, in per cent per year

Period Growth rates (% per year) Aman Aus Boro Total Rice 1980-81 to 1989-90 5.3 5.2 2.2 5.6 1990-91 to 1999-00 1.6 1.9 0.5 1.9 2000-01 to 2010-11 1.7 0.7

  • 0.02

0.6 1980-81 to 2010-11 2.4 3.2 0.6 2.5

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Distribution of districts by the ranks in the contribution of the district to the State's

  • utput of rice, West

Bengal, 1980-81

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Distribution of districts by the ranks in the contribution of the district to the State's

  • utput of rice, West

Bengal, 2009-10

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Distribution of districts by their ranks in the yield of rice, West Bengal, 1980-81

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Distribution of districts by their ranks in the yield of rice, West Bengal, 2000-01

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Distribution of districts by their ranks in the yield of rice, West Bengal, 2009-10

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Growth rates of area, production and yield in selected crops, West Bengal, 2000-01 to 2010-11, in per cent per year

Crop Growth rates (% per year) in Area Production Yield Maize 12.9 19.8 5.5 Pulses

  • 3.8
  • 1.6

1.0 Food grains

  • 0.9

0.01 1.3 Oilseeds 1.7 3.4 1.4 Fibres

  • 0.8

0.21

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Index Numbers of Area, Production and Productivity, all crops, West Bengal, base year 1981-82 = 100, 1985-86 to 2011-12

50 100 150 200 250 300

Area Production Productivity

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Share of gross cropped area cultivated with selected crops, West Bengal, 1970-71 to 2010-11, in per cent

Year Rice Wheat Maize Total Pulses Total food grains Total Oilseeds Total fibres Potato 1970-71 69.3 5.0 0.0 9.4 85.6 2.3 6.7 0.9 1980-81 67.6 3.7 0.0 6.8 79.6 4.1 8.6 1.5 1990-91 67.1 3.1 0.0 3.6 75.0 5.9 5.9 2.3 2000-01 59.6 4.7 0.4 3.0 67.9 6.6 6.9 3.3 2005-06 60.7 3.8 0.8 2.3 67.8 6.8 6.0 3.7 2006-07 59.0 3.6 0.9 2.3 66.0 7.3 6.3 4.2 2007-08 58.7 3.6 0.8 2.1 65.3 7.3 6.4 4.1 2008-09 60.5 3.1 0.9 1.9 66.7 7.2 6.1 3.9 2009-10 59.1 3.3 1.0 1.9 65.5 7.2 6.5 4.1 2010-11 56.0 3.6 1.0 2.2 63.0 7.6 6.5 4.6

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Area and production of fruits, vegetables and flowers in West Bengal (‘000 ha and ‘000 MT)

Year Area (‘000 ha) Production (‘000 MT) Fruits Vegetables Flowers Fruits Vegetables Flowers 1991-92 111 456

  • 1137

4680

  • 2001-02

148 1139

  • 1985

18075

  • 2011-12

216 1331 24 3055 23415 25042 2013-14 224 1380

  • 2909

23045

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Major shifts in the agrarian economy

 Land and tenure reforms;  Rural electrification, private investment

and the spread of irrigation;

 Rural credit to farmers;  Diversification of the cropping pattern;  Backed up by government expenditure.

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Distribution of ownership holdings, by size-class, West Bengal, 1970-71 to 2002-03, in per cent

Size-classes 1970-71 1980-81 1995-96 2010-11 Number Area Number Area Number Area Number Area Less than 2.5 acres 59.9 21.5 69.7 29.2 76.4 44.5 82.2 54.7 2.5 to 5 acres 22.3 25.7 19.6 31.2 16.8 30.1 13.8 29.5 5 to 10 acres 13.2 28.9 8.8 25.3 5.8 19.4 3.8 13.8 10 to 25 acres 4.4 19.2 1.9 10.7 0.9 5.9 0.3 2.0 More than 25 acres 0.08 4.6 0.03 3.7 0.01 0.2 0.0 0.0 All holdings 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

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Distribution of districts by average size of

  • perational holdings,

West Bengal, 2000-01

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Distribution of districts by average size of

  • perational holdings,

West Bengal, 2010-11

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Share of tenant holdings in all holdings and share of area leased-in in total area, West Bengal, 1981-82 to 2002-03, in per cent

Region Share of tenant holdings (%) Share of leased-in area (%) 1981-82 1991-92 2002-03 1981-82 1991-92 2002-03 West Bengal 23.1 14.4 14.1 12.3 10.4 9.3 India 15.2 11 9.9 7.2 8.3 6.5

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Distribution of districts by the share of ‘wholly

  • wned and self-
  • perated area’ in the

total area, West Bengal, 1995-96

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Distribution of districts by the share of ‘wholly

  • wned and self-
  • perated area’ in the

total area, West Bengal, 2010-11

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Total area leased-in, by type of tenancy contract, 1995-96 and 2010-11, West Bengal, in hectares

Type of contract 1995-96 2010-11 Total leased in area 430,780 443,613 Area under 'share of produce' contracts 369,476 389,037 Area under 'fixed money' contracts 18,349 29,696 Area under 'fixed produce' contracts 22,234 16,707

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Share of area under operational holdings irrigated by any sources of irrigation, West Bengal, 1970-71 to 2010-11, in %

Year Area under holdings receiving irrigation (ha) Total operational area (ha) Share of irrigated area (%) 1970-71 830,396 5,061,631 16.4 1980-81 1,340,000 5,555,000 24.1 1995-96 2,980,645 5,588,228 53.3 2010-11 3,428,117 5,509,582 62.2

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Distribution of districts by cropping intensity, West Bengal, 1980-81

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Distribution of districts by cropping intensity, West Bengal, 1995-96

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Distribution of districts by cropping intensity, West Bengal, 2010-11

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Share of area under operational holdings irrigated, by sources

  • f irrigation, West Bengal, 1970-71 to 2010-11, in per cent

Year Share (%) of operated area irrigated by Canals Tanks Wells Tube wells Others Total 1970-71 58.8 27.1 1.5 4.4 8.3 100.0 1980-81 46.3 22.5 2.2 18.5 10.5 100.0 1995-96 23.5 10.5 1.7 55.8 8.4 100.0 2010-11 14.6 6.8 1.3 65.0 12.4 100.0

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Distribution of districts by the number of tube wells per hectare, West Bengal, 1995-96

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Distribution of districts by the number of tube wells per hectare, West Bengal, 2010-11

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Revenue expenditures on agriculture and allied sectors, West Bengal, deflated, 2002-03 to 2012-13

10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Revenue expenditure: agriculture Revenue expenditure: total

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Contemporary rural West Bengal: Findings of the Situation Assessment Survey (SAS), NSSO, 2013

 How many agricultural households were there in 2012-

13?

 An agricultural household is defined as “a household

receiving a value of produce more than Rs 3000 from agricultural activities and having at least one member self- employed in agriculture either in the principal status or in subsidiary status during last 365 days”.

Item Number, West Bengal Share (%), West Bengal Share (%), India Number of agricultural households 6,362,400 45.0 57.8 Number of rural households 14,135,900 100.0 100.0

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Shares of different sources of income for agricultural households, 2012-13, West Bengal and India, SAS, in per cent

Source of incomes Share of income (%) West Bengal India Cultivation 55.8 63.5 Livestock 1.2 3.7 Other agricultural activity 1.7 1.1 Non-agricultural enterprises 8.3 4.7 Wage/salaried employment 26.8 22.0 Others 6.3 5.1 All 100.0 100.0

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Average monthly/annual expenses and receipts for crop production per agricultural household, 2012-13, West Bengal and India, SAS, in Rs

Item Receipts/expenses per household (Rs) West Bengal India Average total expenses/month 1819 2192 Average total receipts/month 2836 5542 Net receipts/month 1017 3350 Average total expenses/year 21,828 26,304 Average total receipts/year 34,032 66,504 Net receipts/year 12,204 40,200

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Average value of production and average gross cropped area, West Bengal and India, SAS, 2012-13, in Rs and acres

Item Average value of total production (Rs), area (acres) July, 2012-December, 2012 January, 2013-June, 2013 West Bengal India West Bengal India Harvested crop 15,756 38,329 21,358 34,115 Total production 17,153 40,580 22,203 36,696 % of households reporting cultivation 89.1 86.5 78.6 71.1 Average gross cropped area (acres) 0.95 2.3 0.84 1.95

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Monthly income from different sources for agricultural households, 2012-13, West Bengal and India, SAS, in Rs

Item Average income (Rs/month) West Bengal India Income from wages 2126 2071 Net receipts from cultivation 979 3081 Net receipts from animals 225 763 Net receipts from non-farm business 650 512 Total income 3980 6426 Total consumption expenditure 5888 6223 Net investment in productive assets 147 513

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Monthly income from different sources for farmer households, 2003, West Bengal and India, SAS, in Rs

Item Average income (Rs/month) West Bengal India Income from wages 887 819 Net receipts from cultivation 737 969 Net receipts from animals 77 91 Net receipts from non-farm business 378 236 Total income 2079 2115 Total consumption expenditure 2668 2770