The Ageing Workforce in Ireland: Working Conditions, Health and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Ageing Workforce in Ireland: Working Conditions, Health and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Ageing Workforce in Ireland: Working Conditions, Health and Extending Working Lives DATE 1 st of October 2019 VENUE ESRI, Whitaker Square, Sir John Rogersons Quay, Dublin 2 AUTHORS Ivan Privalko Helen Russell Bertrand Matre

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The Ageing Workforce in Ireland: Working Conditions, Health and Extending Working Lives

DATE 1st of October 2019 VENUE ESRI, Whitaker Square, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 AUTHORS Ivan Privalko Helen Russell Bertrand Maȋtre

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Background

  • Extending working lives: key policy goal in Europe and Ireland

(DPER, 2016; European Foundation, 2012)

  • The EU Strategic Framework on Health and Safety at Work 2014–

2020 includes ‘taking account of the ageing of the EU’s workforce’ as a major health & safety challenge.

  • Workers leave employment for reasons other than illness/injury,

including family obligations and voluntary retirement (King and

Pickard, 2013; Warren and Kelloway, 2010)

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  • Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are more common among older

age groups (Russell et al., 2016; EU-OSHA, 2016a).

  • Work-related stress, anxiety, depression is lowest among workers over 65,

peaks at 45-54 yrs then drops (Russell et al. 2016).

  • Age is not a determinant of performance or ability to work (reviews by EU

OSHA 2016; Borsh-Supan 2013)

  • Biological ageing varies across individuals and influenced by past and

current working conditions; experience compensates for any deterioration in physical abilities; adjustments to tasks, hours can accommodate biological ageing

  • Social construction of age – stereotypes/policies

Health & Work related illness and older workers

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  • Younger workers and inexperienced workers are the most

at risk of workplace injury (Crawford et al., 2010; Khanzode et al.,

2012).

  • Irish research finds injury declines with age, even when

differences in sector & occupation taken into account

(Russell et al., 2015)

  • Older workers over-represented in fatal injuries (HSA reports)
  • Injury rates are lower for older workers, but accidents

involving older workers are likely to result in more serious injuries, permanent disabilities or death when compared to younger workers (EU OSHA, 2016a; Robertson and Tracy, 1998).

Work related injury and older workers

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  • What are the working conditions of older workers? How do

they feel about their conditions and their prospects to continue work?

  • Which sectors and occupations are best at retaining older

workers?

  • What are the reasons workers give for early exit? Do these

reasons differ by sector or occupation?

  • Are older workers at greater risk of work fatalities?

Research Questions

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Data and analysis

  • Data
  • European Working Conditions Survey 2015
  • Labour Force Survey Q4 2017- Q3 2018
  • Health and Safety Authority Fatality Statistics 2004-2017
  • Sample definition
  • Older workers: Respondents in employment 55 and over.
  • Early leavers: Respondents out of work for more than a

year, who left employment in the last 8 years, and who were aged 55-59 when they left.

  • Possibility of selection effect when comparing older

and younger workers.

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Age composition of Irish Labour Force (% & N), LFS

852.1 1108.9 818.5 694 966.6 1167.5 166.8 289.1 413.4 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1998 2008 2018 55 and over 35-54 15-34

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8 1 October 2019

ILO Employment rate by Age (%), LFS

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1998Q2 2000Q2 2002Q2 2004Q2 2006Q2 2008Q2 2010Q2 2012Q2 2014Q2 2016Q2 2018Q2 25 - 34 years 35 - 44 years 45 - 54 years 55 - 59 years 60 - 64 years

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9 1 October 2019

Self employment by age and gender, LFS 2018

16% 35% 74% 21% 7% 13% 37% 8% Under 55 55-64 65 plus All ages Age Self employment (male) Self employment (female)

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Polarised working time among older male workers; Reduced hours for older female workers

Men Under 55 55-64 65 plus Weekly hours worked % % % <15hrs 2.9 2.4 9.7 15-29hrs 7.8 10.6 18.9 30-39hrs 32.3 30.5 18.0 40-49hrs 41.5 32.7 20.3 50hrs plus 15.5 23.8 33.1 Total 100 100 100 Women Under 55 55-64 65 plus % % % <15hrs 6.3 9.1 28.6 15-29hrs 24.8 32.9 35.6 30-39hrs 41.5 40.7 20.3 40-49hrs 23.4 13.5 9.9 50hrs plus 4.0 3.8 5.6 Total 100 100 100

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11 1 October 2019

Health and safety “at risk” due to work by age, EWCS 2015

17% 24% 22% 20% 7% 15-30 31-40 41-54 55-64 65+

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Perceived effects of work on Health by age, EWCS 2015

20% 13% 19% 25% 28% 15% 21% 18% 17% 12% 65% 66% 63% 58% 60% 15-30 31-40 41-54 55-64 65+ Positive Negative Does not affect health

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Odds of agreeing able to work till 60 (or another 5 years if

  • ver 55) in current or similar Job, EWCS 2015

1.64 3.93 2.67 0.3 1.51 0.38 0.48 0.65 0.38 0.85 0.56 0.86 0.47 0.1 1 10 31-40 41-54 55-64 65 and over Clerical Service worker Craft & skilled agric Plant/machine operative Elementary worker Good balance Not good balance Physical demands (scale) Health/Safety risk Ref: 15-30 years Ref: Manager/Profess Ref: V good work-life balance Ref: not at risk

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Retention Rates

  • A retention rate calculates the proportion of employed

aged 55 to 59 years still in employment at age 60 to 65 years (OECD Older Workers Scorecard)

  • Synthetic cohort. Compares numbers employed aged

60-65 years with 5 years or more job tenure in 2018 to the numbers of 55-59 years employed 5 years earlier (2013)

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15 1 October 2019

Retention rates by sector 60-64 year olds, LFS 2018

20 40 60 80 100 120 Other Services Health & Social Work… Education Transportation Industry Public Admin. Accommodation Retail/Wholesale Construction Administrative & Support… Agriculture Total Employees All Employed

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Retention rates by occupation 60-64 year olds, LFS 2018

20 40 60 80 100 120

Managers Professionals Technicians & Assoc. Profess. Clerical Service & Sales Skilled Agriculture Craft workers Machine Operators Elementary occupations All Employees All Employed

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Early exit

  • Aged 55-59 years when they left work
  • Select respondents out of work for at least a

year to reduce chance that exit is not temporary

  • Refer to the occupation and industry of their

last job

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18 1 October 2019

Reason for early exit (%), LFS 2018

18 7 19 3 53 Jobloss Family care Illness or disability Other reasons Retirement

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19 1 October 2019

Odds of leaving due to “illness or disability” vs “early retirement”, LFS 2018

3.01 1.74 13.1 21.24 20.43 1 10 100 Technicians Clerical workers Service workers Craft & Agriculture Plant operatives & Elementary Ref: Manager/professionals Log-scale, odds ratio

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20 1 October 2019

Odds of leaving due to “job loss” vs “early retirement”, LFS 2018

2.42 3.15 8.35 14.05 9.74 1 10 100 Technicians Clerical workers Service workers Craft & Agriculture Plant operatives & Elementary workers Ref: Manager/professionals

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Older workers & fatality risks

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Age composition of victims of fatal injuries (%), HSA (2004-2017)

60 86 21 12 19 2 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Total fatalities Total workforce Less than 55 55–64 years 65+ years

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23 1 October 2019

Age composition of fatal injuries by high- risk sectors (N), HSA 2004-2017

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 65 plus 55-64 Under 55

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24 1 October 2019

Grouped Logistic Regression of Fatalities, HSA 2004-2017

0.99 1.81 3.57 30.76 5.25 14.46 9.38 1.73 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Year Workers aged 55 to 64 Workers aged 65+ Agriculture Industry Construction Transport Wholesale/Retail Year Workers under 55 (Ref) Other (Ref)

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Summary (1)

  • Share of older workers of the total workforce increased.
  • On most indicators, have equal or better working

conditions than younger worker groups, but evidence of long working hours for some older male workers (and more temp employment, not shown)

  • Selection effects likely: those with poorest working

conditions and health already exited

  • Retention of older workers has improved, but there are

sectoral differences in retention

  • Employee retention highest in admin services (white

collar, secure)

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Summary (2)

  • Occupations: lowest retention at top and bottom of scale

elementary and professional. Different reasons for early exit.

  • Elementary (+ other manual) workers more likely to exit due to

illness or job loss. Professional/managers due to early retirement

  • 1 in 5 early exits due to illness/disability, another 1 in 5 to job

loss, 1 in 17 due to family care.

  • For workers of all ages work-life balance, less physical demands,

and absence of H&S risk increases perceived job longevity

  • Suggests need for policies to support retention – flexibility,

accommodation, caring support, and prevention of health/safety risks throughout working life.

  • Pensions/welfare also important but beyond scope of study.
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Summary (3)

  • Fatalities at work are uncommon but older workers

have higher odds of fatality when compared to younger workers even within sectors.

  • Need to target protection and prevention.
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Thank you! Full report available to download at www.esri.ie and www.hsa.ie

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29 1 October 2019

extras

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Share of workers in Night Work by age (%), LFS 2018

16 15 15 10 6 6 Under 55 55-64 65 plus Age Men Women

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31 1 October 2019

Employees in Temporary Contracts by Age (2018)

9.96 7.63 19.45 11.14 6.33 14.34 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Under 55 55-64 65 plus Share of employed Age MEN WOMEN