The AES Corporation Public Lenders Presentation
May 17, 2011
Proprietary and Confidential Information
The AES Corporation Public Lenders Presentation May 17, 2011 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The AES Corporation Public Lenders Presentation May 17, 2011 Proprietary and Confidential Information Contains Forward Looking Statements Safe Harbor Disclosure Certain statements in the following presentation regarding AES business
May 17, 2011
Proprietary and Confidential Information
Contains Forward Looking Statements
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Certain statements in the following presentation regarding AES’ business operations may constitute “forward-looking statements.” Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those related to future earnings growth and financial and operating performance. Forward-looking statements are not intended to be a guarantee of future results, but instead constitute AES’ current expectations based on reasonable assumptions. Forecasted financial information is based on certain material assumptions. These assumptions include, but are not limited to accurate projections of future interest rates, commodity prices and foreign currency pricing, continued normal or better levels of operating performance and electricity demand at our distribution companies and operational performance at our generation businesses consistent with historical levels, as well as achievements of planned productivity improvements and incremental growth from investments at investment levels and rates of return consistent with prior experience. For additional assumptions see Slide 40 and the Appendix to this presentation. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in our forward-looking statements due to risks, uncertainties and other factors. Important factors that could affect actual results are discussed in AES’ filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission including but not limited to the risks discussed under Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the AES’ 2010 Annual Report on Form 10- K and the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011, as well as our other SEC filings. AES undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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AES Overview Victoria Harker Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer Financial Overview Syndication Overview DPL Inc. Acquisition Overview Ned Hall Executive Vice President & President of North America and Global Wind Generation Chip Hoagland Vice President and Treasurer Henrik Dahlback Director, Bank of America Merrill Lynch
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On April 19, 2011, The AES Corporation (“AES” or the “Company”) entered into a definitive agreement under which AES will acquire DPL Inc. (“DPL”) for $30.00 per share in cash Transaction valued at $4.7 billion on an enterprise basis (the “Acquisition”)2 The proposed Acquisition will provide AES with an attractive regional utility that has a diversified retail customer base and well-positioned generation fleet with strong U.S. cash flows The combined company in 2010 had total capacity of approximately 44,000 megawatts, 12 million utility customers and generated approximately $18.5 billion of revenue The Company is seeking commitments on a $1,050 million Senior Secured Term Loan Facility (the “Term Loan”) offered hereby as a source of permanent financing for the acquisition Subject to market conditions and other factors, the Company also expects to issue $1,000 million
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Diverse Operating Portfolio Attractive Growth in Near-Term Earnings and Free Cash Flow Well Positioned to Benefit from Global Trends
Includes mix of regulated Utilities and unregulated Generation businesses Benefits from exposure to markets experiencing faster recovery in demand growth Ability to capitalize on platform of multiple geography and energy sources Largely contracted and fully financed construction program Exposure to high growth markets Attractive M&A opportunities Cost reduction initiatives Strong liquidity position allows flexibility Pursuing balanced approach to capital allocation Demonstrated track record
attractive returns Mature development pipeline/M&A opportunities
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Current Portfolio by Fuel Type (MW1)
62% of Our Capacity is in Natural Gas & Renewables
Diesel & Petcoke 3% Natural Gas Coal Renewables2 Oil 2% 38% 33% 24%
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20% 17% 15% 11% 17% 8% 12%
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2010 Consolidated Gross Margin
($3.9 Billion: 33% Utilities – 67% Generation)
Latin America Generation Latin America Utilities North America Utilities Other North America Generation Asia Generation Europe Generation Latin America Generation Latin America Utilities North America Utilities Other Asia Generation Europe Generation
2010 Distributions from Subsidiaries
($1.2 Billion: 29% Utilities – 71% Generation)
North America Generation
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Electricity Demand Across Regions
Latin America Asia
Source: Economist Intelligence Unit.
North America
1
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2,060 MW On-Line by Year1 2,060 MW On-Line by Geography1
AES’ Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 for a discussion of risks associated with development.
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2,010 MW2 under construction 1,711 MW3 expected to come on-line during balance of 2011
Maritza East (670 MW, coal, Bulgaria)4
Angamos (518 MW, coal, Chile)
Changuinola (223 MW, hydro, Panama)
AES Wind Generation (274 MW in China, France, India and the U.S.)
Post 2011
Drone Hill (28.6 MW, wind, United Kingdom)
Campiche (270 MW, coal, Chile)
1. See “Risk Factors” in the AES’ Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 for a discussion of risks associated with development. As a result of these risks, there can be no assurance that AES will be able to complete these projects on schedule. The examples above are some of AES’ construction projects. Other projects not currently on the table, whether developed through acquisitions or otherwise, may be brought on-line before these projects. Some of these projects may not be completed or may be delayed due to uncertainty inherent in the development process. 2. Includes: 670 MW Maritza, 518 MW Angamos, 270 MW Campiche, 223 MW Changuinola, 97.6 MW Laurel Mountain, 49.5 MW Chen Qi, 49 MW Mountain View IV, 39.2 MW InnoVent, 39 MW Saurashtra, 28.6 MW Drone Hill and 26 MW AES Solar. 3. Includes: 670 MW Maritza, 518 MW Angamos, 223 MW Changuinola, and 300 MW of wind and solar. 4. See Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the AES’ 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K and the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended Match 31, 2011, as well as other AES’ SEC filings for further discussion of the Maritza project.
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Poland and UK
April-May 2010: Acquired wind development pipeline
Poland and UK
development pipeline, expected to close before December 2011
approximately $575 million to complete pipeline, including $200 million relating to the advanced pipeline
China
June 2010: Acquired 35% interest in China small hydro joint venture; additional 14% pending Chinese government approvals and projected to close by December 31, 2010
China from 25 MW to 266 MW in operation
$49 million total
Vietnam
April 2010: Signed 25-year Power Purchase Agreement for 1,200 MW coal-fired plant in Vietnam
pass-throughs
close 1H 2011 and commercial
2H 2014
requirement of approximately $400 million
Italy
April-May 2010: Raised $273 million long-term non-recourse financing to build 51 MW solar PV projects in Italy
projected in 2H 2010
Northern Ireland
August 2010: Acquired 1,246 MW gas-fired Ballylumford project in Northern Ireland
pass-throughs
$160 million
Note: Some of these examples may not close as anticipated due to uncertainty inherent in the development process.
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Contains Forward Looking Statements
AES Wind Generation
Reached financial close and began construction of our 28.6 MW Drone Hill project in UK
India
Signed PPA for our 1,320 MW coal fired expansion of OPGC in the state of Orissa Signed PPA and closed on debt financing for our 5 MW solar project in the state of Rajasthan
Mong Duong, 1,200 MW coal project in Vietnam
Selected Doosan as EPC contractor Agreed to sell 49% stake in project to CIC and POSCO
Turkey
Signed partnership with Turkish conglomerate Koç Holding
13 Note: Includes examples of some of the more advanced greenfield projects in our pipeline. Other projects, whether developed through acquisitions or otherwise, may be brought on-line before these projects. In addition, some of these examples may not be completed or may be delayed due to uncertainty inherent in the development process.
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Attractive regional utility with well positioned generation fleet Cash flow and earnings accretive1 Enhanced returns through synergies and tax attributes Builds upon our successful ownership and management of IPL Leverages global scale for increased purchasing power
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1. Excluding acquisition costs beginning in year after acquisition. See risk factors associated with the transaction in AES’ Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2011.
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Acquisition of DPL Inc. (NYSE: DPL) Transaction value of $4.7 billion with a cash purchase price of $3.5 billion and the assumption of $1.2 billion of net debt $0.05-$0.07 anticipated annual earnings per share accretion beginning in first year after close (excluding acquisition costs) Expected to provide subsidiary distributions of $200-$300 million on average per year
Transaction Economics Timing
Expected to close in 6-9 months1
Approvals
DPL shareholder vote; Federal approval from FERC (Federal Power Act) and DOJ (HSR); State approval from Public Utilities Commission of Ohio (PUCO)
Offer Price & Consideration Transaction
100% cash consideration at $30.00 per share Implied acquisition P/E of 12.4x based on midpoint of DPL’s 2011 guidance
Credit
B1/BB- corporate family ratings at AES Corp. Targeting BBB- issuer rating at DPL Inc. Targeting A3/BBB+ senior secured debt ratings at Dayton Power & Light
1. There are a number of termination rights and conditions precedent to the transaction closing. These could impact whether the deal closes and/or actual timing of closing, which could differ from estimates provided here.
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History of constructive regulation for electric utilities Adjustment mechanisms for fuel, capacity, transmission, environmental investments and other costs Hybrid market Transmission and distribution follow traditional cost of service model Retail choice for generation since 2001
providers
Utilities are subject to significantly excessive earnings test (SEET)
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DPL Inc. T&D Generation Electric Security Plan (ESP) Retail Competitive Retail
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Traditional rate base driven regulated utility ~515,000 distribution customers ~$800 million net plant Utility owned generation sells into PJM 2,830 MW base load coal units; 432 MW peaker 556 MW gas- fired non- regulated generation Standard service offer as utility acts as Provider of Last Resort Regulated tariff structure
Source: DPL company filings.
Services customers that switch from ESP and acquires
customers
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Traditional cost of service regulation – FERC and PUCO Approximately $800 million net T&D plant1 Expect earnings growth from ongoing T&D investment Opportunities to leverage AES utility platform sourcing
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1. Source: FERC Form 1 as of December 31, 2009.
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Totals 3,818 MW of generating capacity
Coal: 2,830 MW Other: 988 MW of peaking assets
99% of DPL’s energy is produced with coal Diversified generation fleet with partners:
Over 65% of generating capacity is owned in combination with other utilities Diversifies operational risk DP&L operates and purchases coal for 2 of 7 plants in which it has co-ownership. (Approximately 50% of total coal consumed at these plants)
DP&L operates and purchases coal for Hutchings, a wholly-owned plant
Source: DPL company filings and investor presentations.
DPL Service Territory Key Highlights
NY005YQG_1.wor NY005YQG_1.wor NY005YQG_1.wor NY005YQG_1.wor NY005YQG_1.wor NY005YQG_1.wor Lake Erie Lake Erie Lake Erie Lake Erie Lake Erie Lake Erie Lake Erie Lake Erie Lake Erie
Ohio Ohio Ohio Ohio Ohio Ohio Ohio Ohio Ohio Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Indiana Indiana Indiana Indiana Indiana Indiana Indiana Indiana Indiana Kentucky Kentucky Kentucky Kentucky Kentucky Kentucky Kentucky Kentucky Kentucky West Virginia West Virginia West Virginia West Virginia West Virginia West Virginia West Virginia West Virginia West Virginia
Ohio River Ohio River Ohio River Ohio River Ohio River Ohio River Ohio River Ohio River Ohio River Beckjord Beckjord Beckjord Beckjord Beckjord Beckjord Beckjord Beckjord Beckjord Stuart Stuart Stuart Stuart Stuart Stuart Stuart Stuart Stuart Montpelier Montpelier Montpelier Montpelier Montpelier Montpelier Montpelier Montpelier Montpelier East Bend East Bend East Bend East Bend East Bend East Bend East Bend East Bend East Bend Columbus Columbus Columbus Columbus Columbus Columbus Columbus Columbus Columbus Tait Tait Tait Tait Tait Tait Tait Tait Tait Conesville Conesville Conesville Conesville Conesville Conesville Conesville Conesville Conesville Hutchings Hutchings Hutchings Hutchings Hutchings Hutchings Hutchings Hutchings Hutchings Miami Fort Miami Fort Miami Fort Miami Fort Miami Fort Miami Fort Miami Fort Miami Fort Miami Fort Zimmer Zimmer Zimmer Zimmer Zimmer Zimmer Zimmer Zimmer Zimmer Killen Killen Killen Killen Killen Killen Killen Killen Killen Coal Fired Generating Plants Natural Gas Peaking Units DP&L Service Area
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45% of PJM coal capacity is significantly at-risk under proposed EPA regulations Environmental construction program completed on majority of base load coal units Under Electric Security Plan (ESP), DP&L can seek recovery of future costs associated with climate change, carbon legislation, and/or other environmental regulations
FGD + SCR No Controls
DPL’s Coal Generation Fleet (2,830 MW)
Source: DPL investor presentation. 1. Credit Suisse, “Growth from Subtraction,” September 23, 2010.
PJM Coal Capacity (1) (~80 GW)
FGD + SCR No Controls SCR Only FGD Only
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ESP includes the regulated, standard service offer for generation customers DP&L’s last ESP filing was made in October 2008; settlement among interested parties approved in June 2009 ESP components Residual generation charge Fuel and purchased power adjustment clauses Environmental investment rider Capacity and transmission riders New standard service offer required to be filed by March 31, 2012 Subject to SEET in 2013 (based on 2012 results)
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Aggressively compete to retain customers in franchise service territory where name recognition for both DP&L and DPLER are high Retail operations provide natural market for DP&L and DPLE generation
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Source: DPL Management.
Dayton Energy Resources “DPLER” Retail Strategy Switching in DPL Service Territory in 2010
DP&L Customer Switching % DPLER % of Switched Load
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Acquisition Funding Sources
$3.5 billion purchase price $2.25 equity contribution by AES Corp. $1.25 billion debt raised at DPL Inc.
Permanent Financing
AES Corp: Issue $1.05 billion Senior Secured Term Loan (offered hereby) Issue $1.00 billion Senior Unsecured Notes Expect to issue debt on an opportunistic basis during the regulatory process The Dayton Power and Light Company (“DP&L”) No incremental debt at DP&L DPL Inc.: Issue $1.25 billion of Senior Unsecured Notes at DPL Inc. Expect to issue debt at Merge Co., through the use of an escrow account, on an
Structure a legal ring-fence around DPL Inc. to meet S&P requirements to maintain investment grade at DP&L
1. There are risks associated with the financing of the Acquisition. A discussion is included in AES’ Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2011.
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Sound Liquidity Position Strong & Stable Subsidiary Distributions Improving Credit Metrics Manageable Parent Debt Maturities
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Total Parent liquidity1 was ~$1.3 billion as of March 31, 2011 In March 2010, AES closed on the $1.58 billion sale of equity to CIC, and has used a portion of the proceeds to temporarily reduce debt before making a permanent investment into the business AES will have used approximately $1.4 billion of the CIC proceeds to temporarily reduce debt through August 2011 $690 million 2nd Lien Note redemption in 2010 $214 million of Unsecured Note maturities in 2010 Approximately $500 million of Unsecured Note and existing Term Loan maturities in 2011
1. See definitions.
Contains Forward Looking Statements
1. See definitions. $0m $200m $400m $600m $800m $1,000m $1,200m
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Subsidiary Distributions
Contract Generation Regulated Utilities Competitive Supply
Subsidiary Distributions1 From Utilities and Contract Generation – AES Standalone
83% 83% 83% 74% 80% 80% 72% 75%
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% Subsidiary Distributions from Utilities and Contract Generation
Contains Forward Looking Statements
$0m $1,000m $2,000m $3,000m $4,000m $5,000m $6,000m
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Recourse Debt
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Subsidiary Distributions / Recourse Debt
Recourse Debt Subsidiary Distributions / Recourse Debt
Subsidiary Distributions1 / Recourse Debt2 – AES Standalone
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Contains Forward Looking Statements
$0m $200m $400m $600m $800m $1,000m $1,200m
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Subsidiary Distributions
0.0x 0.5x 1.0x 1.5x 2.0x 2.5x 3.0x
Subsidiary Distributions / Recourse Cash Interest
Subsidiary Distributions Subsidiary Distributions / Recourse Cash Interest
Subsidiary Distributions1 / Recourse Cash Interest2 – AES Standalone
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Contains Forward Looking Statements
Recourse Debt Outstanding as of March 31, 2011: $4,377 million
(USD $ millions)
$200m $500m $500m $535m $1,500m $625m $517m $1,000m $1,050m $0m $200m $400m $600m $800m $1,000m $1,200m $1,400m $1,600m
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2029
Term Loan Maturity Potential Maturity for Future Unsecured Note Issuance
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1. Based on $1,142 million total subsidiary distributions for the twelve months ending March 31, 2011 and an expected $250 million subsidiary distribution from DPL as the mid-range. 2. AES Recourse Debt is gross of Unamortized Discounts of $27 million. 3. As of March 31, 2011. AES Shareholders DPL Inc. Pro Forma $1,392 mm subsidiary distribution (1) $15,102 mm Non-Recourse Debt (existing) (3) $1,050 mm new AES Senior Secured Term Loan Facility
Estimated $200 mm
annual subsidiary distribution $1,250 mm DPL Bridge Facility; non-recourse to AES $1,142 mm subsidiary distribution The AES Corporation $1,221 mm Non-Recourse Debt (existing) (3) $4,377 mm Recourse Debt (existing) (2) $1,000 mm new AES Senior Unsecured Notes Current AES Subsidiaries Borrower Existing AES Subsidiary New AES Subsidiary
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AES Debt Capitalization As of Issue Rate Maturity Mar-31-2011 Adj. Pro Forma Revolver ($800) L+ 300 bps Jan-15 – – Existing Senior Secured Term Loan L+ 175 bps Aug-11 $200 $200 New Senior Secured Term Loan – $1,050 1,050 AES Secured Recourse Debt $200 $1,250 Senior Notes 7.750% Mar-14 $500 $500 Senior Notes 7.750% Oct-15 500 500 Senior Notes 9.750% Apr-16 535 535 Senior Notes 8.000% Oct-17 1,500 1,500 Senior Notes 8.000% Jun-20 625 625 Term Convertible Trusts 6.750% Oct-29 517 517 New Senior Unsecured Notes – 1,000 1,000 AES Recourse Debt (1) $4,377 $6,427 Total Non-Recourse Debt Various $15,102 2,471 $17,573 Total Recourse and Non-Recourse Debt $19,479 $24,000 Total Subsidiary Distributions (2) $1,142 $250 (3) $1,392 Recourse Debt / Total Subsidiary Distributions on AES Standlone 3.8x 5.6x Recourse Debt / Total Subsidiary Distributions Pro Forma for the Acquisition (3)
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Senior Secured Term Loan Facility Borrower: The AES Corporation (“AES”, the “Company”, and the “Borrower”) Amount: $1,050 million Security: The Term Loan will be secured by a first priority lien on (i) all of the capital stock owned by the Borrower and the capital stock owned by AES International Holdings II, Ltd. (limited to 65% of voting stock in material first- tier foreign subsidiaries), (ii) intercompany receivables owed to the Borrower, (iii) certain debt owed to the Borrower, and (iv) assignments of certain tax sharing agreements of the Borrower. The Term Loan will be pari passu with the Existing Credit Agreement with respect to the Collateral Maturity: 7 years Amortization: 1.00% per annum Incremental: $750 million, subject to 50 bps MFN Use of Proceeds: The proceeds from the Term Loan shall be used for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, at the Borrower’s election the financing of a portion of the purchase price and related expenses in connection with the Borrower’s contemplated acquisition of DPL Inc. Credit Ratings: Corporate Family: B1 / BB- Senior Secured: Ba1 / BB+ Mandatory Prepayments: − Asset Sales − Change of Control Optional Repayment: 101 soft call in year 1 Financial Covenants: None Negative Covenants: To be based on the Borrower’s existing 2016 Senior Notes and will include the following: − Limitations on mergers similar to those of the existing 2016 Senior Notes − Limitations on secured debt (including secured hedge arrangements); provided that the existing 2016 Senior Notes’ restriction on secured debt exceeding 15% of the consolidated net assets of the Borrower, shall be replaced with a restriction on secured debt exceeding $3.0 billion − Restrictions on sales and leasebacks similar to those of the existing 2016 Senior Notes Joint Lead Arrangers: Bank of America Merrill Lynch, J.P. Morgan, and Morgan Stanley
Contains Forward Looking Statements
Syndication Event Bank Holiday
May 17 Lenders Conference Call Week of May 23 Commitments Due Week of May 23 Term Loan Pricing Week of June 6 Closing
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May 2011 June 2011 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30
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$ in Millions Year Ended 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Total Subsidiary Distributions1 to Parent & QHCs2 1,219 1,255 1,060 1,099 971 993 1,004 1,054 Total Return of Capital Distributions to Parent & QHCs2 171 167 150 106 72 57 126 242 Total Subsidiary Distributions1 & Returns of Capital to Parent 1,390 1,422 1,210 1,205 1,043 1,050 1,130 1,296 39 $ in Millions March 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 September 30, 2010 June 30, 2010 Cash at Parent and QHCs2 546 1,122 1,418 1,776 Availability under Credit Facilities 772 715 679 458 Ending Parent Company Liquidity1 1,318 1,837 2,097 2,234
Contains Forward Looking Statements
Forecasted financial information is based on certain material assumptions. Such assumptions include, but are not limited to: (a) no unforeseen external events such as wars, depressions, or economic or political disruptions occur; (b) businesses continue to operate in a manner consistent with or better than prior operating performance, including achievement of planned productivity improvements including benefits of global sourcing, and in accordance with the provisions of their relevant contracts or concessions; (c) new business opportunities are available to AES in sufficient quantity to achieve its growth objectives; (d) no material disruptions or discontinuities occur in GDP, foreign exchange rates, inflation or interest rates during the forecast period; and (e) material business-specific risks as described in the Company’s SEC filings do not
project costs versus budgetary estimates, and projected savings based on assumed spend volume which may or may not actually be achieved. Also, improvement in certain KPIs such as equivalent forced outage rate and commercial availability may not improve financial performance at all facilities based on commercial terms and conditions. These benefits will not be fully reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial results. The cash held at qualified holding companies (“QHCs”) represents cash sent to subsidiaries of the Company domiciled
Company, however, cash held at qualified holding companies does not reflect the impact of any tax liabilities that may result from any such cash being repatriated to the Parent Company in the U.S. Cash at those subsidiaries was used for investment and related activities outside of the U.S. These investments included equity investments and loans to other foreign subsidiaries as well as development and general costs and expenses incurred outside the U.S. Since the cash held by these QHCs is available to the Parent, AES uses the combined measure of subsidiary distributions to Parent and QHCs as a useful measure of cash available to the Parent to meet its international liquidity needs. AES believes that unconsolidated parent company liquidity is important to the liquidity position of AES as a parent company because of the non-recourse nature of most of AES’ indebtedness.
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Contains Forward Looking Statements
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
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Parent Company Liquidity (a non-GAAP financial measure) is defined as cash at the Parent Company plus availability under corporate credit facilities plus cash at qualified holding companies (“QHCs”). AES believes that unconsolidated Parent Company liquidity is important to the liquidity position of AES as a Parent Company because of the non-recourse nature of most of AES’ indebtedness. Subsidiary Distributions should not be construed as an alternative to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities which is determined in accordance with GAAP. Subsidiary Distributions are important to the Parent Company because the Parent Company is a holding company that does not derive any significant direct revenues from its own activities but instead relies on its subsidiaries’ business activities and the resultant distributions to fund the debt service, investment and other cash needs of the holding company. The reconciliation of difference between the Subsidiary Distributions and Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities consists of cash generated from operating activities that is retained at the subsidiaries for a variety of reasons which are both discretionary and non-discretionary in nature. These factors include, but are not limited to, retention of cash to fund capital expenditures at the subsidiary, cash retention associated with non-recourse debt covenant restrictions and related debt service requirements at the subsidiaries, retention of cash related to sufficiency of local GAAP statutory retained earnings at the subsidiaries, retention of cash for working capital needs at the subsidiaries, and other similar timing differences between when the cash is generated at the subsidiaries and when it reaches the Parent Company and related holding companies.