New Energy Oasis (NEO) Testing and evaluation program in NEO Overview of Current and Future Projects Dr. Raed A. Bkayrat, Manager Technology Application and Advancement Group (TAAG) Economic Development, KAUST
Technology Application and Advancement Group (TAAG) New Energy Oasis (NEO) Advance Technical Science and TAAG and Business Technology consultation Training Pilot Projects + Prototyping 2
Research-Driven Commercial Innovation Scale market Production Industry Technology Pilot Commercialization Bench Research Developmental Basic Science Commercial concept Technology Maturity 3
Technology Application and Advancement Establishing the “Push and Pull” Factors Saudi Industry International Technology Providers 4
Dust Mitigation Initiative New Energy Oasis (NEO) Technology Application and Advancement Group (TAAG) KAUST King Abdullah University of Science and Technology 6
Background Proposed Solutionss Background Proposed Solutions Dust Mitigation • Areas with large solar energy potential are the dustiest in the world with limited rainfall Coating Solar Panel • Domestic oil consumption is projected to consume 45% of total oil produced in the Kingdom by 2030 Reliability Performance Efficiency • At the current pace, domestic demand for power is expected to nearly triple by 2030 Dry Wet • Energy demand continues to increase at an alarming rate in the Kingdom (50 barrels of oil/person annually) without a sustainable energy solution Passive Coatings Active Cleaning Sputtering Super- Ultrafine Clean Rotary Current Condition PCO EDS Coating Hydrophobic TiO 2 Fizz Brush Current Condition • The lack of government incentives has limited the widespread of large-scale solar farms • Current wet cleaning methods are expensive & inefficient due to the scarcity of water in the region Technology Environmental Field • The optimum frequency of cleaning needs to be determined (e.g. $6,650/month - KAUST solar Economics O&M Maturity Durability Evaluation panels) • Remote areas requiring solar panel cleaning have limited access to water • The drop of solar energy efficiency over three months without cleaning ranged between 30-45% 1. What is the level of maternity of each proposed technology? • Dust storms result in a 60% decrees in solar energy efficiency 2. What are the predicted results for each Proposed Solutions? What is the impact on glass • The Net Present Value of solar panels reduce by 1% annually due to panel degradation surfaces? • Leveled Cost Of Energy (LCOE) of solar in the Kingdom can’t compete with conventional electricity 3. Are the Proposed Solutions focused on the right areas? How easy are they to implement? rates (SR/kWh) 4. Is the implementation order clear? How will the effects of the Proposed Solutions be verified? • High installation, running, O&M costs (MENA) prevent solar generation from reaching Grid Parity 5. What is the impact on the bottom-line LCOE? What is the cost of the proposed solution? 6. Are the results reproducible? Goals Effect Confirmation Goal 1 st to understand & quantify the impact of soling on the performance of solar systems. Preliminary Results 2 nd to develop a number of dust mitigation products & technologies and measure their efficacy through • The increase in system efficiency goes up to 30-45% increase when system is cleaned after reproducible test procedures. 3 rd to evaluate different mature dust mitigation technologies and solutions. three months of no cleaning • This is to validate the ability of achieving 100% dry-type cleaning solutions & to recommend cleaning Dust deposits on solar panels show physical irregularities with chemical traces of salt, frequency based on field testing of technologies and site-specific cleaning method. metals, hydrocarbons, and biological content Root Cause Analysis 1. How does the system actually behave with the Proposed Solutions that are being Cause-Effect Infrastructure Utilities proposed for implementation in place? (passive vs. active) Diagram 2. How will you measure the effectiveness of the Proposed Solutions? Connection to gird 3. What have we learned that does or does not improve the situation? Dust Mitigation Mounting structure 4. In light of learning, what should be done? Solar Efficiency R&D Endorsements 5. How should the way we work or our standards be adjusted to reflect what we arrangement Reduced learned? Proximity to service O&M subsidies Follow-up Actions center Dust deposition Moving Forward Cost of cleaning • Assigned advisory committee: Tom Missimer, Kim Choon Ng, and Ghassan Jabbour, Moa’awia Access to Water Dust Composition AlMasri, Maen AlAmad Aerosol • Stakeholders: SABIC, glass & solar companies, solar project developers, utility companies, No Proven reliable technology developers solution High Temperature Clay presence Lack of Rain 1. What do we need to learn next? 2. What remains to be accomplished? High Humidity Organic material 3. What other parts of the organization need to be informed of this result? Wind presence 4. How will this be standardized and communicated? O&M Weather Project Developer: Hashim Al-Zain Version 0.2 Updated: 24 March 2012 Team Sponsor: Raed Bkayrat
Dust Mitigation Program • How is Dust Mitigation Initiative executed? • Providing solution for Dust effects on solar PV • Evaluating of different technologies and solutions • Field testing KAUST King Abdullah University of Science and Technology 8
Temperature and Dust Effects Analysis • Temperature • Testing and verifying the effects of temperature on decay coefficients • Dust • Testing and verification of performance against dust accumulation • 1 month Test vs. round-the-year Test • Other Factors
Dust Accumulation Test • Standard sample collection and data analysis method • Lab analysis of dust samples • Spectral analysis and effects of dust on transmission of light • Weight analysis (can be used as a measure of dust accumulation versus time) • Physical Analysis (Shape, count, and size of particles) • Chemical Analysis: Metals, Salts, PH, Biological Contents, Hydrocarbons, etc • Standard report template to be delivered
Benefits of the Dust Analysis • Recommendation of coating materials and surface design • Asses the performance of different PV technologies against dust effects (in the future also solar thermal may be included) • Recommendation of cleaning frequency (for different coatings and different technology) • Recommendation of cleaning techniques and methods • Better understanding and predict O&M, LCOE, and other factors effected by dust • Reduce the cost by using optimized service costs (faster ROI)
Other Parts of the study • The study will include • Effect of Tilt on dust accumulation • Finding the optimum Tilt to increase harvested light( by reduction of dust accumulated versus the reduced solar energy normal to the surface) • Effects of humidity (in collaboration with other testing locations) • Effects of temperature (temperature analysis is another test done at NEO) • Effects of other environmental factors, like nearby factories and pollution of the air (done by comparing different test locations) • Effect of dust on the performance of mirrors and other concentrating optics
New Energy Oasis- DUST MITIGATION INITIATIVE (DMI) Preliminary Results
Sample Results System Performance Data Kwh/Kwp Performance 4 50 45 System 1 3.5 System 2 40 Temperature 3 Specific Yield (Kwh/Kwp) 35 Temperature ( 0 C) 2.5 30 2 25 20 1.5 15 1 10 0.5 5 0 0 27-Jan 6-Feb 16-Feb 26-Feb 8-Mar 18-Mar 28-Mar 7-Apr 17-Apr 27-Apr 7-May Time KAUST King Abdullah University of Science and Technology 14
Dust Accumulation effect on PV performance 30-45% increase! Efficiency drop due to dust Accumulation 10.00% 50 45 9.00% 40 Maximum daily temperature ( o C) 8.00% 35 7.00% Efficiency (%) 30 6.00% 25 20 5.00% Efficiency String 2 Efficiency String 1 Max of Ambient Temp 15 4.00% 10 3.00% 5 2.00% 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 Day KAUST King Abdullah University of Science and Technology 15
Cleaning Program Dust Effects on System Efficiency 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% String Efficiency String1 Eff (%) 6.00% String2 Eff String3 Eff String4 Eff 4.00% String5 Eff 2.00% 0.00% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Day KAUST King Abdullah University of Science and Technology 16
Sample Results Spectral Analysis and effects on Transmission • Effect of Dust on Spectral Transmission of the glass Duration of exposure to dust: 60 days Effect of Dust on Glass Transmission 1.10 1.00 Relative Glass Transmission 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 Week 1 0.50 Week 2 0.40 Week 3 0.30 Week 4 0.20 0.10 0.00 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Wavelength (nm) • Clarify the behavior of different technologies under the effect of dust • Particle Size Distribution • Information to be extracted: • Study the behavior of a specific product under dust • Most common Particle Size accumulation • Total No of particles (particle/m 2 ) • Estimation of Area Blockage (%) • Currently this is only for direct light. In the future, (Versus Time) further tests will also include the diffused, scattered, reflected and absorbed light
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