Test Results: Working Fluids Tests Horizontal heat mode For the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Test Results: Working Fluids Tests Horizontal heat mode For the similar system, water can maintain evaporator temperature (@ 250 W): 1.6 times lower than Ethanol 1.3 times lower than Methanol For the similar system, water can achieve
Test Results: Working Fluids Tests
Horizontal heat mode
For the similar system, water can maintain evaporator temperature (@ 250 W):
For the similar system, water can achieve total resistance (@ 250 W):
1
10 20 30 40 50 60 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Volumetric Shrinkage, % Porosity, % Sintering Temperature, ºC
Wick Flow Properties
5% Up
Nickel wick
TILOP – 45 µm TC459 – 24 µm TC200 – 17 µm
Titanium wick Merits: High porosity with fine pore size Low thermal conductivity
Conditions: 900 - 950 °C / 1 hr 2
Small Scale Loop Heat Pipe Performance
3
10 mm
30 mm
150 mm 10 mm 250 mm 125 mm
Flat Evaporator Round evaporator
Small scale prototype has:
for lower input powers
4
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 20 40 60 80
Heat Load, W Temperature, °C
Loop heat pipe: Technology Comparison
mLHP solution Heat Pipe solution Liquid Cooling solution
20 W/cm2 45 W/cm2 60 W/cm2
Amb LHP#1 LC LHP#2 HP
Low heat flux
cooling comparable
high Medium heat flux
better than LHP and HP
High heat flux
superior than liquid & HP cooling
1 2 3 1 2 3
Condenser - 2 Condenser - 1
Evaporator#1 Evaporator # 2 Evaporator #3
Liquid Line Vapour Line
Loop heat pipe for multiple heat source cooling
Evaporator #1 Evaporator #2 Fin-and-tube type condenser
Details: Two separate loops with separate evaporator and single condenser Heat Pipe material: Copper Wick material: Sintered copper (-350 Mesh number) Working Fluid: Deionised, degassed and distilled water Operating Configuration: Condenser Above Evaporators
Vapour line #1 Vapour line #2 Liquid line #1 Liquid line #2
Loop heat pipe with Dual Evaporator
7
8
Heat Pipes Corrugated Flexible Heat Pipes, Stainless steel & R-134a. Aomori city 3 Hps / 1 hole Installation
9 Heat Source: Electric Transformer Heat Source: Underground Water Heat Source: Waste Hot Spa Water Heat Source: Storage Solar Heat Heat Source: Geothermal Partial Heating
Snow melting for electric pole branch wire using a heat pipe.
Electric pole Wire Heat Pipe Heat dissipation Snow
Snow-melted hole
Soil temperature : 2 to 6 deg.C Soil Heat collection
Thermal insulation
A Photograph of Field test in Hokkaido 10
Φ46㎜ OD heat pipes (216pcs)
Condenser Thermal insulation Thermo-Siphon Frozen soil Cold air
Cold storage
Food
Freezing Index
Definition of Freezing Index: Minus average temperature x days 1500 1000 500 10 15 20 25
Warmest Monthly Average temperature ℃ Freezing Index (℃・Day) Edmonton Anchorage Moscow Helsinki Obihiro Toronto New York Stockholm Munich Warsaw Aomori
11
Natural Cold Energy Storage by Heat Pipes for Data-Center in Cold Region
Heat Pipes Ice storage Servers Natural cold energy Cooling Fins
Data-Center may be constructed in the Cold Region to conserve the Cooling Energy.
Heat pipe does not work. (At Top heat mode)
GL
GL Vapor Liquid
Heat pipe works. (At Bottom heat mode)
Fins Heat Pipe Ice 12
Chiller Cooling Tower Data Center: 200 kW
Cold storage discharging line
Tcp-in = 22 ℃ Tcp-out = 32 ℃
22℃ 32℃ 32℃ 22℃
Heat Pipe Ice Storage System
Cold storage charging during below zero winter season
ΔT =10℃
Indirect Water-to-Air Hx Air mover (fan)
Failure support requirement ~ 6 hours chiller downtime
3 Way control valve
Green data center support system No running cost Smaller system size Lower capital cost nprp
Indirect ice/water to Water/Propylene Glycol Hx
+ +
13
Electric Power : 168 KW Electric generator Geothermal temperature :400 ℃ Rock L: 10Km Vapor flow Tv:200℃ Impulse Turbine
P
Hot water supply: 100℃ - 1,927KW Condenser & Reservoir Liquid flow Showering nozzles Control Valve
Double Loop Tube Heat Pipe for Geothermal Extraction System
Le:1Km Q: 2,095 KW
Corrugate Heat pipe OD:1m 14
18
Proposed Heat Pipe ECCS System for BWR Plant
Condenser Reactor Building Concrete Chamber Vapor (282℃, 66.8Kg/cm2) Control Rod Suppression Pool 1,750 Ton Vent Turbine Generator Water Pump Cooling Pump
Circulation Pump
180℃ 282℃ Reactor Vessel
460MW-e BWR (Thermal Power:1,380KW)
Fuel
ECCS/ Water Spray for Chamber ECCS/ High Pressure Water Spray for Core ECCS/ Low Pressure Water Spray for Core
Turbine Building
Water Water
Valve Water reservoir Heat Pipe Condenser
Heat Pipe Evaporator
Sea water Inlet Waste Water
19
Vapo por r Flo low Reser eservoir
Water Valv lve Liquid iquid Flo low
Eva Evapo porator tor with with nee needle dle Rea eacto ctor r Vessel essel Gr Gravi vity ty Water ter Cha harge ge Tan ank Air ir Coo
led Con
denser nser Fuel l Rod Valv alve
Su Summa mmary y of
Heat t Pipe Pipe EC ECCS CS De Design sign
20
Pr Pre-he heating z ting zon
Water C ter Cha harge ge no nozzle zzle
Summary Design of Heat Pipe Based ECCS
Air cooled condenser Initial water charge system Reactor vessel Evaporato r section Vapour line Liquid line Fuel rods Control rods
21 17m
5m 7m
Concrete Chamber
Spe Spent nt Fu Fuel el Coo Cooli ling ng Sys Syste tem m by by The hermal mal Diode Diode Hea Heat t Pipe Pipe
Spe Spent Fu nt Fuel B el Bun undles dles Water Le ter Level el He Heat Pi t Pipe pes s 1 inc 1 inch SUS h SUS-Anmo nmonium nium Air ir Coo
led Con
denser nser
Heat t Pipes(T Pipes(The hermal D mal Diode iode Fun Function) ction) Water ter Pool
(1 (1,400 ,400Ton
s) 12 12m x m x 12 12m 4m 4m 10m 10m
22
4.5m 4.5m
23 Fle lexible xible Cor Corrug ugate ted d he heat t pipe pipes
4m 4m
Eva Evapo porato tor Conden Condenser ser
6m 6m
Tube: : SU SUS S tube JIS JIS G 3459-1976 1976 25A S A Schedule le 5s s OD:34 D:34.0mm, .0mm, ID: ID: 30.7mm, .7mm, t t:1.65 :1.65mm mm 1.32Kg .32Kg/m /m
Fle lexible xible region gion
10 100mm 0mm 8mm 8mm Alum luminum inum fins fins 1.5mm 1.5mm T
Working ing fluid: fluid: Ammo Ammonium ium