[PPT] - Teagasc National Farm Survey 2017 Sustainability Report Cathal PowerPoint Presentation

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Teagasc National Farm Survey 2017 Sustainability Report

Cathal Buckley, Trevor Donnellan, Emma Dillon, Kevin Hanrahan, Brian Moran & Mary Ryan

Teagasc, Agricultural Economics & Farm Surveys Department Rural Economy and Development Programme

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Presentation Overview

Sustainability definition
Sample profile
Methodology
Results
On going development of indicators

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Multidimensional concept

Sustainability is intersection of:
1. Economic
2. Environmental
3. Social

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Data Source: Teagasc National Farm Survey

Conducted by Teagasc on an annual basis since 1972.
Operated as part of the EU Farm Accountancy Data

Network (FADN).

Fulfils Ireland’s statutory obligation to provide data to EU
Teagasc as a collection agency
Provide database of micro data on Irish Agriculture for

research, policy analysis & stakeholders.

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Profile of Teagasc NFS Sample - 2017

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Dairy Cattle Sheep Tillage All Farms

Sample No. 309 370 125 72 876 Population Represented 16,146 54,020 14,322 6,879 91,367 Average Utilisable Agricultural Area (ha

1)

58.9 34.0 47.3 59.5 42.4 Total Grassland Area (ha

1)

57.7 33.5 46.8 23 39.1 Tillage Area (ha

1)

1.2 0.5 0.5 36.5 3.3 Dairy Cow Livestock Units 77.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 13.7 Cattle Livestock Units 42.1 41 21.9 27.6 37.2 Sheep Livestock Units 0.6 1.7 32.4 4.0 6.5 Total Livestock Units 119.8 42.7 54.7 31.6 57.4 Stocking Rate (LU ha

1)

2.0 1.3 1.2 0.5 1.4

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Presentation of Results

Charts
Time series (2012 to 2017)
Individual years reported in appendices
3 year rolling average 2010-2012 (average of 2010, 2011, 2012)

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50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Percentage Market Output

Market Orientation - 3 year rolling average

Dairy Cattle Sheep Tillage Total

Boxplot Gross Margin € per hectare – Dairy Farms Economic Viability – Dairy Farms 2017

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Economic Sustainability

Indicator Measure Unit

1. Economic return to land Gross output per hectare

€ / hectare

2. Profitability of land

Gross margin per hectare € / hectare

3. Market Orientation

Output derived from market rather than subsidies %

4. Economic Viability

Economic viability of farm business – Minimum wage for labour & 5% return on non-land based assets 1=viable 0=not viable

5. Productivity of labour

Family Farm Income per unpaid labour unit € / unpaid labour unit

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Economic Sustainability

Indicator Measure Unit

1. Economic return to land Gross output per hectare

€ / hectare

2. Profitability

Gross margin per hectare € / hectare 8

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Economic Sustainability

Indicator Measure Unit

3. Market Orientation

Output derived from market rather than subsidies % 9

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Economic Sustainability

Indicator Measure Unit

4. Economic Viability

Economic viability of farm business – Min wage for labour & 5% return on non-land based assets 1=viable 0=not viable 10

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Economic Sustainability

Indicator Measure Unit

5. Productivity of Labour Family Farm Income per unpaid labour unit

€ / unpaid labour unit 11

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Social Sustainability

Indicator Measure Unit

1. Household vulnerability

Farm business is not viable and no off-farm employment Binary variable, 1= vulnerable

2. Isolation Risk

Farmer lives alone Binary variable 1=isolated

3. High Age Profile

Farmer is over 60 years old & no members of household under 45 Binary variable 1=high age

4. Agricultural education

Formal agricultural training received Binary variable 1= agricultural training received

5. Work Life Balance

Work load on farm** (Off-farm work hours not included) Hours worked

n the farm

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Social Sustainability

Indicator Measure Unit

1. Household vulnerability Farm business is not viable &

no off-farm employment Binary variable 1= vulnerable 0=Non vulnerable 14

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Social Sustainability

Indicator Measure Unit

2. Isolation Risk

Farmer lives alone Binary variable 1=isolated, 0=Non isolated 15

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Social Sustainability

Indicator Measure Unit

3. High Age Profile

Farmer is over 60 years old & no members of household under 45 years Binary variable 1=High age profile 0=Not high age profile 16

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Social Sustainability

Indicator Measure Unit

4. Agricultural

education Formal agricultural training received Binary variable 1=Agricultural training 0=No agricultural training 17

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Social Sustainability

Indicator Measure Unit

5. Work Life Balance

Work load on farm (Off-farm work hours not included) Hours worked on the farm 18

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Overview of Environmental Indicators

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Environmental Sustainability

1. Greenhouse gases (CH4, N20,

CO2)

» Common currency = CO2 equivalents

2. Ammonia emissions
3. Risk to water quality
Nitrogen & phosphorus

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Methodological approach

Activity data from Teagasc National Farm

Survey

Animal numbers, fertilisers applied, input

purchases / output sales, inventory changes

Apply most appropriate co-efficients to activity

data

GHG

1. IPCC approach for all farm types (Dillon et al., 2016, Ryan et al., 2017) 2. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) for Dairy (O’Brien et al, 2014)

Ammonia

» National inventories approach for all farms

Nitrogen / Phosphorus

» Farm gate input/output approach (Buckley et al., 2015; 2016a; 2016b)

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Environmental Sustainability – GHG Emissions

Indicator Measure Unit

Ag. GHG emissions per

farm Absolute Ag. GHG emissions (IPCC methodology) Tonnes CO2 equivalent/farm

Ag. GHG emissions per

hectare

Ag. GHG emissions per hectare farmed (IPCC

methodology) kg CO2 equivalent / hectare

Ag. GHG emissions per

kg of output

Ag. GHG emissions efficiency (IPCC methodology) kg CO2 equivalent / kg
utput
Ag. GHG Emissions per

€ output

Ag. GHG emissions efficiency (IPCC methodology) kg CO2 equivalent / €
utput

22 Indicator Measure Unit Energy GHG emissions per farm Absolute Energy GHG emissions (IPCC methodology) Tonnes CO2 equivalent/farm Energy GHG emissions per hectare Energy GHG emissions per hectare farmed (IPCC methodology) kg CO2 equivalent / hectare Energy GHG Emissions per € output Energy GHG emissions efficiency (IPCC methodology) kg CO2 equivalent / kg

utput

Energy GHG Emissions per € output Energy GHG emissions efficiency (IPCC methodology) kg CO2 equivalent / €

utput

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Farm level Ag. GHG Emissions - Dairy Farms 2017 Farm level Ag. GHG Emissions - Cattle Farms 2017 Farm Level Ag. GHG Emissions - Tillage Farms 2017 Farm level Ag. GHG Emissions - Sheep Farms 2017

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Cattle: 137.6 t Sheep: 3.3 t Other: 0.3 t Total =141.2 t CO2e Cattle: 75.7 t Sheep: 63.8 t Other: 0.4 t Total =139.9 t Cattle: 89.2 t Sheep: 7.3 t Crops: 28.6 t Total =125.1 t CO2e Dairy: 311.6t Cattle: 188.8t Sheep: 1.3t Other: 0.9t Total =502.5 t CO2e

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24 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Tonnes CO2 / Farm

Total Ag GHG emissions Tonnes CO2 eqv. by Farm - Rolling 3 year average

Dairy Cattle Sheep Tillage

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Absolute & Emissions Intensity – Ag. GHG

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Dairy based Ag. GHG emissions - Components

0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 kg Co2 eqv / kg FPCM (IPCC)

kg Co2 eqv / kg FPCM - 3 year rolling average (IPCC)

3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 kg FPCM / cow

kg FPCM / cow - 3 year rolling average

40 50 60 70 80

Ave. Herd Size (Dairy Cows)
Ave. dairy cow herd size - 3 year rolling

average

Kg of Fat & Protein Corrected Milk (FPCM)
Standardized to 4% fat and 3.3% protein per kg of milk

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2013-2015 2014-2016 2015-2017 Teagasc NFS 1.23 1.17 1.14 Bord Bia SDAS 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.24

kg CO2 eqv / FPCM

2013-2015 2014-2016 2015-2017 Teagasc NFS 1.20 1.14 1.10 Bord Bia SDAS 1.20 1.17 1.14 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.24

kg CO2 eqv / FPCM

National Cross Validation on Carbon Footprint of Milk Production – LCA Approach (O’Brien et al., 2014)

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Ag. Emissions intensity – Cattle & Sheep

6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 kg Co2 eqv. / kg sheep meat

kg Co2 Eq / kg liveweight sheep - 3 year rolling average (IPCC)

10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 kg Co2 eqv. / kg live-weight beef

kg Co2 Eq / kg liveweight beef - 3 year rolling average (IPCC)

Ag. GHG Emissions per kg live-weight

produced: Sheep Farms 2017

Ag. GHG Emissions per kg live-weight

produced: Cattle Farms 2017

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Ammonia Emissions

Indicator Measure Unit Ammonia emissions per farm NH3 emissions Tonnes NH3 equivalent / farm Ammonia emissions per hectare NH3 emissions per hectare farmed kg NH3 equivalent / hectare Ammonia emissions per kg of output NH3 emissions efficiency on a kg of product basis kg NH3 / kg output Ammonia emissions per € of output NH3 emissions efficiency on Euro of output generate basis kg NH3 / € output 29

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Farm level NH3 Emissions - Dairy Farms 2017 Farm level NH3 Emissions - Cattle Farms 2017 Farm level NH3 Emissions - Tillage Farms 2017 Farm level NH3 Emissions - Sheep Farms 2017

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Dairy: 2.18t Cattle: 0.27t

Fert : 0.37t Total=2.82 t NH3

Cattle: 0.69 t Sheep: 0.004t Fert: 0.04t Total =0.74 t NH3 Cattle: 0.38t Sheep: 0.1t Fert.: 0.05t Total =0.53t NH3 Cattle: 0.43t Sheep: 0.01t Fert.: 0.08t Total =0.52 t

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31 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00

Tonnes NH3 / Farm

Total NH3 Tonnes by Farm - Rolling 3 year average

Dairy Cattle Sheep Tillage

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Absolute & Emissions Intensity – NH3

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Dairy NH3 emissions - Components

3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 kg FPCM / cow

kg FPCM / cow - 3 year rolling average

40 50 60 70 80

Ave. Herd Size (Dairy Cows)
Ave. dairy cow herd size - 3 year rolling

average

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NH3 Emissions intensity – Cattle & Sheep

NH3 per kg live-weight beef produced: Cattle Farms NH3 per kg live-weight sheep meat produced: Sheep Farms 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 kg NH3 eqv energy / kg livweight beef NH3 per kg live-weight beef produced: 3 yr. average 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 kg NH3 eqv energy / kg sheep liveweight NH3 per kg live-weight sheep meat produced: 3 yr. average

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Environmental Sustainability – Risk to Water Quality

Indicator Measure Unit Nitrogen (N) balance N loss risk (Farm gate level) kg N surplus/hectare Phosphorus (P) balance P loss risk (Farm gate level) kg P surplus/hectare Nitrogen (N) use efficiency N application efficiency % N outputs / N inputs Phosphorus (P) use efficiency P application efficiency % P outputs / P inputs N surplus per kg of output N emissions efficiency kg output / kg N surplus

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Source: Lalor and Coulter 2009

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Nitrogen Balance

N inputs – N outputs (farm-gate level), per hectare basis

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Nitrogen use efficiency

(N outputs – N inputs)*100
Retention of N in farm system

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N Balance by farm system

Dairy farms - 2017 Cattle Farms - 2017 Sheep Farms - 2017 Tillage Farms - 2017

N use efficiency by farm system

Dairy farms - 2017 Cattle Farms - 2017 Sheep Farms - 2017 Tillage Farms - 2017

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Emissions intensity - Nitrogen use

Kg of product per kg of N surplus

39 Dairy farms - 2017 Cattle farms - 2017 Sheep farms - 2017

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Phosphorus Balance

P inputs – P outputs (farm-gate level), per hectare
A lot depends on soil P status
In 2017 Teagasc analysed a total of 45,227 soil samples
60% of samples taken from dairy farms, 67% taken from drystock farms

and 56% taken from tillage farmer were P deficient (at either index 1 or 2 for phosphorus).

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Phosphorus use efficiency

(P outputs / P inputs)*100

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P Balance by farm system

Dairy farms - 2017 Cattle Farms - 2017 Sheep Farms - 2017 Tillage Farms - 2017

P use efficiency by farm system

Dairy farms - 2017 Cattle Farms - 2017 Sheep Farms - 2017 Tillage Farms - 2017

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On going work

Life cycle analysis Beef

Model

Weight off-takes / gain
Biodiversity indicators

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